4 days at work, 10 days in lockdown would restart economy amid fears of COVID-19 resurgence, says economist - CBC.ca | Canada News Media
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4 days at work, 10 days in lockdown would restart economy amid fears of COVID-19 resurgence, says economist – CBC.ca

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Researchers in Israel have formulated a new workweek model that they say would allow workers to return to offices, but help mitigate a resurgence of COVID-19 cases.

The 10-4 plan entails a four-day workweek followed by 10 days in quarantine, which Eran Yashiv, a professor of economics at Tel Aviv University and London School of Economics Centre for Macroeconomics, says is contingent on COVID-19’s perceived window of infectiousness.     

The model hinges on research conducted by his collaborators — professors Uri Alon and Ron Milo at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel — which estimates that a patient is not contagious to others for “three days, possibly longer” after they are infected, he said. Models created by the researchers predict that the two-week cycle could reduce the virus’s reproduction number to below one. The research has not yet been peer reviewed.

According to their theory, even if someone contracted COVID-19 during their four days at work, they would be back in lockdown before they became highly infectious, and stay there potentially long enough for the symptoms to dissipate, Yashiv told The Current’s Matt Galloway. Current Canadian guidelines mandate at least 14 days in self-isolation for anyone showing COVID-19 symptoms.

“This enables four normal days, in fact, more than normal — you can work longer hours during those four days that you’re out, you can also do shopping,” Yashiv said.

Economics professor Eran Yashiv, left, worked with professors Ron Milo and Uri Alon to develop the 10-4 model of returning to workplaces part-time. (Submitted by Eran Yashiv)

Yashiv and his collaborators intend the model to be “a more steady path” to getting people back to work. 

He says it is not meant to be “the new normal,” but a stopgap that helps reduce the risk of community transmission, allowing workers to return to work “without living in this fear that ‘Well, maybe there’ll be a resurgence and we’ll be called back to lockdown.'”

Yashiv’s team used epidemiological and macroeconomic models to see what effect the scheme could have on Israel’s economy. The results showed unemployment would rise up to 32 percentage points under Israel’s lockdown scenarios, but only up to 21 percentage points under the 10-4 scheme, he said.

Schools in Austria are adopting a similar model when students return on Monday — with students split into two groups. One group attends class Monday to Wednesday, the second group attends Thursday to Friday, and they swap the following week.

Yashiv noted some companies, including Mastercard in New York, are also exploring the idea.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is asked by CBC’s Tom Parry what happens if the COVID-19 virus never goes away. 1:51

In Canada, some provinces have begun to revive their economies and reopen schools and businesses as the number of cases fall or even off, but there is no clear indication of when the wider workforce could return to normal, and experts have warned it will be slow and gradual.

Erin Bromage, an associate professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, says the 10-4 plan is a “really interesting approach.”

“It’s working with the biology to try to come up with a feasible way to get back to work,” he told Galloway.

But he warned of a risk in the plan’s reliance on average timeframes for infection and symptoms showing up.

“Some people show symptoms as soon as a day after being exposed and others are much longer,” he said.

“There’s a risk, but you know, is there a better plan at this stage? I’m not really sure.”

Plan divides population into two groups

As part of the 10-4 scheme, participants would be divided into two groups, said Yashiv. One group would work four days the first week, and the second group could work four days the next (while the first group is waiting out their 10 lockdown days).

Under the 10-4 scheme, those able to work from home during their 10 days in lockdown could still do so. (Bernadett Szabo/Reuters)

If it’s possible to work from home during the subsequent 10 lockdown days, you can, Yashiv said. 

But anyone showing signs of the virus would be removed from the scheme until they recovered, and subject to a country’s existing quarantine measures, including self-isolation and physical distancing. 

Yashiv said the plan would help stimulate consumer spending, as “firms can plan their production patterns, and households can plan their consumption patterns if they know this is a regular, predictable schedule.”

He added that the 10-4 scheme can be applied at any level, from a business to an entire country.

If used at a company level, management or human resources can designate people “according to the jobs they carry out, their function in the firm or the institution, and try to get a balance over the two different groups,” he said.

If applied across an entire city or even country, the two groups could be divided by household, and designated by a colour scheme, he said. Police checks for designated colour IDs could make sure no one was breaking lockdown on a week their colour group was meant to be indoors, Yashiv added.

Some countries are looking at using so-called immunity passports as a way to help end COVID-19 lockdowns. 1:53

Some experts have suggested people who recover from the virus could be given “immunity passports” allowing them to leave lockdown, but there are concerns that not enough is known about the antibodies and the extent of protection.

Yashiv pointed out that the 10-4 scheme is “not predicated on testing people,” or making distinctions between the two broad groups.

He acknowledged that enforcing lockdown would be key to the plan’s success, but pointed to countries that have already been through weeks of strict enforcement as examples of public willingness to co-operate.

“I agree that it may be tempting to go out once you are partially released from lockdown, but the whole thing should be compared to complete lockdown — that’s the alternative that we are comparing to,” he told Galloway.

“You need that level of control, not more strict, but obviously not more lax than that.” 


Written by Padraig Moran. Produced by Joana Draghici.

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B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

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Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

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Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

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