5-year study to measure TB bacteria in Iqaluit wastewater could allow earlier detection - CBC.ca | Canada News Media
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5-year study to measure TB bacteria in Iqaluit wastewater could allow earlier detection – CBC.ca

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Researchers are setting up a new project in Iqaluit to see whether measuring the levels of tuberculosis (TB) bacteria in wastewater from buildings can help in the fight against the disease and save lives.

TB is a bacterial infection that can be fatal, and it spreads through the air. While there are treatment and prevention efforts in place, it continues to circulate in Nunavut. Since 2021, outbreaks have been declared in three of the communities: Pangnirtung, Pond Inlet and Naujaat.

The five-year project, by the Taima TB foundation, is aimed at measuring TB bacteria levels in the things flushed down the drain, to allow researchers to identify TB cases earlier and more easily than current methods for testing.

It’s being funded by a $3-million grant from the federal government through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, along with $500,000 from Nunavut Tunngavik, Inc.

Dr. Gonzalo Alvarez, lead researcher and a consultant for the Government of Nunavut, says the current way of screening a community is expensive and time-consuming, and it’s difficult to do it every year in all 25 of the territory’s communities.

“Ordinarily, to find people with TB, healthcare teams have had to go to individual communities and screen everyone in the community with things like sputum tests, skin tests, chest X rays,” he said.

Dr. Gonzalo Alvarez, a tuberculosis consultant for the Government of Nunavut, speaking at a news conference on Tuesday about the new research project. (Dustin Patar/CBC)

“Without a doubt, we need better tools in order to have this ability to screen for TB in communities.”

Alvarez says measuring wastewater could be a “powerful new tool” for screening, but there hasn’t been a lot of research into it — and that’s where this project comes in. 

How it will work

Taima TB’s ultimate goal is to eliminate the disease in Nunavut. This new project will be focused on developing a new tool in detecting it, and won’t wipe out TB overnight, Alvarez said.

The research project will include many components, and will include measuring TB bacterial levels in wastewater for the whole city, for specific buildings, and in the pee and poop of individual people who have the disease.

TB has been found in wastewater for decades around the world, but no one has determined how to use the measurements, or narrow down cases, Alvarez said.

Alvarez says they specifically hope to link the TB levels in an individual’s wastewater, and see if they can also detect that individual’s TB bacteria in the wastewater of an entire house, which would allow them to “make a connection to understand when there are new cases of tuberculosis, how does that translate.”

Researchers plan to study the wastewater coming out of the men’s shelter in Iqaluit because there are vulnerable individuals who live there. Alvarez hopes the research can help detect cases among residents early on, and get them the treatment they need.

Community support and collaboration on this work, including the partnership with the Uquutaq Society — which operates the men’s shelter in Iqaluit — is vital to the success of the project, he said.

“Without that, there is no study,” Alvarez said.

Dr. Sean Wachtel, Nunavut’s chief public health officer, says the results from the research could have a huge impact on the lives of Nunavut residents.

“TB is a disease that disproportionately impacts northern communities in Canada,” he said.

Recently, health workers did a community-wide screening in Pangnirtung, he said, but had they been able to test the wastewater, it would have been much quicker.

“The potential of this research, should the hypothesis be proven, should not be underestimated… [it] has the potential to allow them much more efficient and rapid targeting of affected areas,” Wachtel said.

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How many Nova Scotians are on the doctor wait-list? Number hit 160,000 in June

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government says it could be months before it reveals how many people are on the wait-list for a family doctor.

The head of the province’s health authority told reporters Wednesday that the government won’t release updated data until the 160,000 people who were on the wait-list in June are contacted to verify whether they still need primary care.

Karen Oldfield said Nova Scotia Health is working on validating the primary care wait-list data before posting new numbers, and that work may take a matter of months. The most recent public wait-list figures are from June 1, when 160,234 people, or about 16 per cent of the population, were on it.

“It’s going to take time to make 160,000 calls,” Oldfield said. “We are not talking weeks, we are talking months.”

The interim CEO and president of Nova Scotia Health said people on the list are being asked where they live, whether they still need a family doctor, and to give an update on their health.

A spokesperson with the province’s Health Department says the government and its health authority are “working hard” to turn the wait-list registry into a useful tool, adding that the data will be shared once it is validated.

Nova Scotia’s NDP are calling on Premier Tim Houston to immediately release statistics on how many people are looking for a family doctor. On Tuesday, the NDP introduced a bill that would require the health minister to make the number public every month.

“It is unacceptable for the list to be more than three months out of date,” NDP Leader Claudia Chender said Tuesday.

Chender said releasing this data regularly is vital so Nova Scotians can track the government’s progress on its main 2021 campaign promise: fixing health care.

The number of people in need of a family doctor has more than doubled between the 2021 summer election campaign and June 2024. Since September 2021 about 300 doctors have been added to the provincial health system, the Health Department said.

“We’ll know if Tim Houston is keeping his 2021 election promise to fix health care when Nova Scotians are attached to primary care,” Chender said.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Newfoundland and Labrador monitoring rise in whooping cough cases: medical officer

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ST. JOHN’S, N.L. – Newfoundland and Labrador‘s chief medical officer is monitoring the rise of whooping cough infections across the province as cases of the highly contagious disease continue to grow across Canada.

Dr. Janice Fitzgerald says that so far this year, the province has recorded 230 confirmed cases of the vaccine-preventable respiratory tract infection, also known as pertussis.

Late last month, Quebec reported more than 11,000 cases during the same time period, while Ontario counted 470 cases, well above the five-year average of 98. In Quebec, the majority of patients are between the ages of 10 and 14.

Meanwhile, New Brunswick has declared a whooping cough outbreak across the province. A total of 141 cases were reported by last month, exceeding the five-year average of 34.

The disease can lead to severe complications among vulnerable populations including infants, who are at the highest risk of suffering from complications like pneumonia and seizures. Symptoms may start with a runny nose, mild fever and cough, then progress to severe coughing accompanied by a distinctive “whooping” sound during inhalation.

“The public, especially pregnant people and those in close contact with infants, are encouraged to be aware of symptoms related to pertussis and to ensure vaccinations are up to date,” Newfoundland and Labrador’s Health Department said in a statement.

Whooping cough can be treated with antibiotics, but vaccination is the most effective way to control the spread of the disease. As a result, the province has expanded immunization efforts this school year. While booster doses are already offered in Grade 9, the vaccine is now being offered to Grade 8 students as well.

Public health officials say whooping cough is a cyclical disease that increases every two to five or six years.

Meanwhile, New Brunswick’s acting chief medical officer of health expects the current case count to get worse before tapering off.

A rise in whooping cough cases has also been reported in the United States and elsewhere. The Pan American Health Organization issued an alert in July encouraging countries to ramp up their surveillance and vaccination coverage.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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