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6 of 8 funds used to invest in Adani shut

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The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP), a global network of investigative journalists, recently reported that people with ties to the Adani family secretly held significant stakes in group entities in possible violation of the country’s law on maximum ownership by promoters in listed entities, through some of these funds.

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Coincidentally, the closure of some these funds—two Mauritius-based funds were shuttered last year, and a third is in the process of winding up—follows the initiation of an investigation by the markets regulator into offshore entities’ holdings in Adani group companies in 2020.

The developments suggest that an early move by Sebi to investigate the now-shuttered entities would have helped the regulator determine whether they played a role in manipulating Adani group stocks. With the closure of these funds, Sebi now faces increased difficulty in accessing information regarding the ultimate beneficiaries of these entities.

At least two regulatory experts said that the closure of such publicly pooled funds in a relatively short time is surprising, given that typically they have longer lifespans.

For instance, the Bermuda-registered Global Opportunities Fund, registered on 6 January 2005, was shut on 12 December 2006, according to regulatory filings in the island country.

Mauritius-based Assent Trade and Investment Pvt. Ltd, set up in April 2010, turned defunct in June 2019. Lingo Trading & Investment Pvt Ltd, incorporated in December 2009, closed in March 2015. Mid East Ocean Trade & Investment Pvt. Ltd was set up in September 2011 and closed in August last year.

EM Resurgent Fund was set up in May 2010 and shut down in February last year. Asia Vision Fund, set up in May 2010, appointed liquidators on 20 April 2020 and is in the process of winding up, according to filings reviewed by Mint.

A seventh fund, Emerging India Focus Funds, which was set up on 19 May 2008, continues to be active. Details pertaining to Gulf Asia Trade and Investment, registered out of the United Arab Emirates, could not be ascertained.

“There shouldn’t be a problem if the fund was wound up less than two years ago, but information regarding the ones that were liquidated before would be difficult to obtain (for Sebi),” said an executive at a Big Four consulting firm. This is because most overseas regulators maintain records of funds for only a limited period of time, the executive said.

In its report submitted to the Supreme Court last month, an expert committee appointed by the apex court said the markets regulator faced difficulty in accessing information about the beneficial owners of overseas funds, adding that pursuing the identity of offshore shareholders was “potentially a journey without destination.”

Funds registered out of countries like Mauritius are required to share scant financials with the regulator and use a so-called ‘feeder fund’ structure.

“The problem is when a fund which is registered in countries like Mauritius is shut down, typically its feeder funds that could be registered in financial tax havens like Cayman Islands or Luxembourg are also deregistered,” said the executive cited above.

“Very few public market funds are close-ended that come with specific fund tenure; if such tenure elapses, then the fund may wind up. While this is common in private market funds like venture capital, in public markets, such close-ended funds are fewer,” said a Mumbai-based lawyer, who counts clients that include foreign investors.

Experts say a fund is closed when it goes bankrupt, or when it gets acquired and the new owner transfers the fund’s assets, or when the investors decide to close it.

A questionnaire sent to a Sebi spokesperson remained unanswered. Adani group did not respond to a request for comment.

OCCRP reported that individuals with links to Adani Group had ties to these funds. Chang Chung-ling, a Taiwanese national, was on the board of Lingo Trading and Investment Pvt. Ltd, while Ahli Nasser Ali Shaban, a businessman from the UAE, owned Mid East Ocean Trade and Investment Pvt. Ltd. Vinod Adani, brother of group chairman Gautam Adani, was a director of Assent Trade and Investment Pvt. Ltd.

Current and former executives of 360 One Asset Management (Mauritius) Ltd, formerly called IIFL Asset Management (Mauritius) Ltd served as a director at Emerging India Focus Funds, Asia Vision Fund and EM Resurgent Fund.

“360 ONE Asset Management (Mauritius) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of 360 ONE WAM Ltd, was the investment manager for Emerging India Focus Funds, EM Resurgent Fund (now closed) and Asia Vision Fund (till 2018),” said a spokesperson for the company. “At no point was 360 ONE the beneficiary owner of any of these funds.”

A 2014 probe by the Department of Revenue Intelligence, a federal anti-smuggling agency, found that some Adani Group entities based in UAE over-invoiced the power equipment imported from China and used the proceeds to invest in funds. The Financial Times reported that one such entity, Electrogen Dubai, has put $100 million in Assent Trade and Investment, which used the Asia Vision Fund to invest in stocks.

Three other entities, Lingo Trading & Investment Pvt. Ltd, Gulf Asia Trade and Investment and Mid East Ocean Trade and Investment, had bought Adani Group shares through two Mauritius-registered entities, EM Resurgent Fund and Emerging India Focus Funds.

 

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Economy

S&P/TSX composite up more than 100 points, U.S. stocks also higher

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TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was up more than 100 points in late-morning trading, helped by strength in the base metal sector, while U.S. stock markets were also higher.

The S&P/TSX composite index was 143.00 points at 24,048.88.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 174.22 points at 42,088.97. The S&P 500 index was up 10.23 points at 5,732.49, while the Nasdaq composite was up 30.02 points at 18,112.23.

The Canadian dollar traded for 74.23 cents US compared with 74.28 cents US on Wednesday.

The November crude oil contract was down US$1.68 at US$68.01 per barrel and the November natural gas contract was down six cents at US$2.75 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$4.40 at US$2,689.10 an ounce and the December copper contract was up 13 cents at US$4.62 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 26, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Investment

Tempted to switch to an online-only bank? Know the perks and drawbacks

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Switching to an online-only bank more than a decade ago was just another way Jessica Morgan was trying to save money at the time as a new grad.

“Saving money was the main motivator,” Morgan, now a financial educator and founder of Canadianbudget.ca, recalled.

“After graduating, you no longer qualify for student rates where you might get free banking and I didn’t want to go back to paying fees for giving the bank my money to hold.”

Digital lenders have grown in popularity in recent years, with more players popping up in the sector and traditional banks beefing up their online offerings. But some Canadians may still be hesitant to bank with a financial firm that doesn’t have physical branches where you can talk to an employee face-to-face.

Natasha Macmillan, director of everyday banking at Ratehub.ca, says some of that hesitancy to switch to an online lender is loyalty.

“There’s a large portion of Canadians who have had the same bank account for many years … they’re just hesitant to switch because it’s what they know.”

Tedious paperwork to switch banks can also discourage many Canadians from making the move despite the ease of opening online-only bank accounts, Macmillan added.

“There’s that aspect of you still need to sit down, do your research and then pick that online-only bank,” she said.

Data security concerns have also sowed seeds of doubt among many who are contemplating the switch, and prefer to continue to work with traditional banks with long-established reputations, Macmillan said.

Morgan said she often hears concerns from her clients — “What if I need help? Is this bank safe to use?” or more logistical questions, such as having access to an ATM or getting certified cheques.

One of the only major snags she personally recalls running into with her online lender was when she was purchasing a home.

“I needed to get a certified cheque, like, right away if I was going to put in an offer,” Morgan said. “You can get a certified cheque but it takes three days or so. They courier it to you.” She ended up going to her husband’s traditional bank to get day-of service.

Most online-only banks tend to offer banking products, such as savings accounts, with higher interest rates compared with traditional banks. Many also offer access to cash through any bank ATM without charge.

“Digital banks have generally a lower cost structure than a traditional bank and those savings will be passed on to the customer,” said Mahima Poddar, group head of personal banking at EQ Bank. For example, EQ offers a high-interest chequing account with no fees on everyday banking and unlimited transactions.

But customers should be aware they can’t deposit cash into their account and they can only withdraw bills, not coins.

“We don’t offer depositing of cash, but all of our research has shown that the use of cash is really diminishing,” Poddar said. “There are very few reasons why you need to urgently deposit.”

Customers also have to get used to doing all their banking by phone or through the company’s website or app.

Poddar added she thinks Canadians are more open to change, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the need for better online banking services.

While trust in traditional institutions plays a strong role in choosing a bank, Poddar said EQ has the same level of protection and is governed by the same regulators as the big six banks in the country.

Lisa Brandt, 61, switched to online-only Manulife Bank more than five years ago. She says she has benefited from the move and has saved a lot of money over time on various banking fees.

“It puts me in the driver’s seat,” she said.

However, she did run into an issue once with depositing a cheque after she sold her home.

“If you’re going to deposit a couple hundred thousand dollars from a house sale, you’ll have to courier (the cheque) to them,” she said.

“It’s not quite as simple as walking into a branch and saying, ‘Give me my money.'”

While many online-only banks have been growing their consumer banking product offerings, traditional banks tend to have more financial product options, not only for individuals but also for small businesses.

“What we have heard from some Canadians is while they might be moving their chequing, savings and GIC accounts to those (online-only) spaces, they’re still maintaining a mortgage with the big players,” Macmillan said.

It’s not about moving all assets to one bank but weighing options on an individual basis, such as picking a bank with the lowest fee on a chequing account but moving investments to another bank for a better return, she explained.

“We’re starting to see that flexibility where people are shopping around for the best opportunity that can give them the most bang for their buck,” Macmillan said.

She added it is important for people to identify why they’re thinking of switching and find an online-only bank that aligns with their goals.

“It’s finding that happy medium where you do feel trust and security, that lower cost and fees and also the convenience and accessibility,” Macmillan said.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 26, 2024.

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Economy

S&P/TSX composite up in late-morning trading, U.S. stocks also higher

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TORONTO – Strength in the energy and base metal stocks lifted Canada’s main stock index higher in late-morning trading, while U.S. stock markets also climbed higher.

The S&P/TSX composite index was up 78.80 points at 23,973.51.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 89.81 points at 42,214.46. The S&P 500 index was up 2.55 points at 5,721.12, while the Nasdaq composite was up 21.24 points at 17,995.51.

The Canadian dollar traded for 74.24 cents US compared with 74.02 cents US on Monday.

The November crude oil contract was up US$1.06 at US$71.43 per barrel and the November natural gas contract was down two cents at US$2.83 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$18.10 at US$2,670.60 an ounce and the December copper contract was up 15 cents at US$4.49 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 24, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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