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The planet is paying for your iced coffee but it doesn’t have to

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December 18, 2023 — 

Done with your iced coffee? Now what? Recycle, trash, or compost?

“Businesses in Manitoba have been switching to the compostable polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic as a “green” alternative to single-use plastics. But the reality is not that simple”, says Jessica Marinelli and Camille Prefontaine. Marinelli [BScHons/20222] is a MSc student in Chemistry and Prefontaine is a 5th-year student in the BSc Honours Biology program in the Faculty of Science. They are part of the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) student group at the University of Manitoba. Their team recently presented Project PLAnet Zero at the iGEM 2023 Grand Jamboree in November 2023, won a silver medal, and was nominated for best part collection in the overgrad category.

1. What got you interested in improving PLA plastic breakdown in local composting systems?

As the Canadian government has started to phase out petroleum-based plastics to reduce carbon emissions and plastic waste in landfills, businesses in Manitoba have been switching to compostable polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic as a “green” alternative. But the reality is not that simple. Degradation of PLA requires specific temperature and moisture conditions, challenging to maintain in our local composting facilities, especially during dry cold winters. In many cases, PLA does not break down effectively and is diverted to landfills.

After meeting with waste management experts, we saw this as the perfect opportunity to develop a bio-based solution that would help ensure “sustainable” plastic ends up where it belongs, in the compost!

2. Can you tell me about your solution?

At the core of our solution is the use of enzymes to digest PLA on the molecular level. Enzymes are biomolecules that help break down and build up materials.

To reduce the cost, we engineered a bacterial organism to make PLA-degrading enzymes and display them on the bacterial surface. Doing this will allow the enzymes to directly come into contact with PLA plastics and not be made inside bacteria cells which would require a lengthy and expensive separation process to purify them. Our whole-cell approach avoids this and enables cost-effective PLA plastic breakdown in local composting facilities.

To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of enzymatic degradation of PLA, we expanded nature’s toolset of amino acids. All living cells use the same standard 20 canonical amino acids to make proteins. Our team went beyond this set of 20 amino acids and used novel amino acids (non-canonical amino acids) to improve PLA-degrading enzymes. We use an amino acid called norleucine to help our enzymes bind better and break down materials faster and more efficiently. Our improved enzymes can allow for effective breakdown in the lower temperature conditions of food compost.

We worked on our solution alongside many experts and stakeholders in the waste management and composting community in Manitoba. Their feedback has been valuable and integral to our project. Our team is excited to continue building these partnerships to help us further develop PLAnet Zero in the next iGEM cycle.

3. Can you tell me about the award and what it means to you and your team to have won a silver medal and to have been nominated for best part collection in the overgrad category?

We are very proud of our Prairie iGEM team members for our silver medal win! We have all put so much work into this project over the past year and it was great to see our hard work pay off. To put this in context, our achievement is on par with leading Canadian institutes such as McMaster University and Queen’s University as well as top global institutes such as MIT and Harvard University. We have all put so much work into this project over the past year and it was great to see our hard work pay off.

This year, we were also nominated for best part collection (the development of a coherent group of parts that have a common function or theme) for our whole-cell catalyst design. The best part collection award is challenging because it requires a coherent vision and execution of the project. We are proud to be among the final 4 nominees out of 106 teams around the world in the overgrad category. To achieve this, we worked with a series of PLA-degrading enzymes and parts for our surface-display mechanism such that they could all be used collectively or interchangeably when designing a whole-cell catalyst for plastic degradation. Our results and success have shown that students at the University of Manitoba can conduct world-class research and have a lot to offer to the international Synthetic Biology community.

Every year we have seen more and more progress as the synthetic biology community on campus grows. PLAnet Zero allowed us to bring in students across all disciplines with a passion for science and sustainability and who want to implement real change in the community. It has been a really rewarding experience to see students experience science and entrepreneurship in the real world and see the future that synthetic biology has to offer to our local Winnipeg and global communities.

 

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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