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A look at new and old spacecraft that have travelled to Mars – CBC.ca

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The Red Planet could welcome a new visitor Thursday when, if all goes well, NASA’s Perseverance rover will be the latest spacecraft to travel to Mars.

Its arrival comes just days after spacecraft from the United Arab Emirates and China entered Mars’s orbit.

All three missions launched within days of each other last July to take advantage of the close alignment of Earth and Mars, thus their close arrival times.

But the space vehicles won’t be alone, according to information from NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization. 

Eight other spacecraft from several countries are already undergoing research on or around the Red Planet: five American spacecraft, two European and one Indian.

It’s quite a feat for a spacecraft to make it to Mars.

Since 1960, about half of all Mars missions have failed, with probes either crashing, burning up or otherwise falling short due the complexity of interplanetary travel and the difficulty of making a descent through Mars’s thin atmosphere.

Here is a roster of the spacecraft — new and old — actively researching Mars.

The latest missions 

The UAE’s Amal probe entered orbit last week, the first interplanetary mission for the country.  (CBC)

The spacecraft Amal — Arabic for “hope” — swung into orbit last week. 

For over seven months, it travelled 480-million kilometres before it began circling the Red Planet. 

Amal orbiter is country’s 1st mission to the Red Planet. 1:11

If all goes as planned, over the next two months Amal will settle into an exceptionally high, elliptical orbit of between 22,000 kilometres and 44,000 kilometres above the surface.

From there, it will survey the planet’s mostly carbon dioxide atmosphere, at all times of day and in all seasons. But it will not land on Mars.

China’s Tianwen-1 probe entered Mars orbit last week. (CBC)

China’s Tianwen — meaning “quest for heavenly truth”— went into orbit around Mars last week.

It’s on an expedition to land a rover on the planet’s surface and scout for signs of ancient life. 

If all goes as planned, the rover will separate from the spacecraft in a few months and touch down safely on Mars, making China the second nation — after the U.S. — to pull off such a feat. 

The solar-powered rover, about the size of a golf cart, will collect data on underground water and look for evidence that the planet may have once had microscopic life.

NASA’s Perseverance rover is supposed to arrive on Thursday. (CBC)

Perseverance is set to join the UAE and Chinese spacecraft near Mars on Thursday.

It will be the first leg in a decade-long U.S.–European project to bring Martian rocks back to Earth to be examined for evidence the planet once harboured microscopic life.

Perseverance — named by a middle school student in Virginia — will test “new technology for future robotic and human missions to the Red Planet,” according to a NASA news release.

Ongoing missions

Some of the spacecraft already on or orbiting Martian have been collecting data since the early 2000s.

The Curiosity rover continues to explore the rock record from a time when Mars could have been home to microbial life, according to NASA. (CBC)

NASA’s 2001 Mars Odyssey and the European Space Agency’s first spacecraft to visit another planet, Mars Express, are some of the oldest still working.

The 2001 Mars Odyssey is NASA’s longest-lasting spacecraft at Mars. (CBC)

Many of the still-active missions are studying Mars’s atmosphere, like ESA’s Trace Gas Orbiter and NASA’s MAVEN.  

India’s first venture into space, the Mars Orbiter Mission, is still in orbit and continues to study Mars’s surface and atmosphere.

For almost eight years, it has provided researchers with high-quality photos of the Red Planet. 

The Mars Orbiter Mission was India’s first venture into interplanetary space. (CBC)

Missions for some of the spacecraft have evolved over the years.

NASA’s Curiosity rover and its InSight Mission will soon assist the latest Mars rover, Perseverance, when it attempts to land Thursday.

If the landing is successful, NASA officials say the three landers will create the first meteorological network on another planet.

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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