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AI ‘godfather’ Geoffrey Hinton’s 6 key areas of concern

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Advancements around artificial intelligence technology are pushing the world into “a period of huge uncertainty,” according to AI pioneer Geoffrey Hinton. As the technology becomes smarter, the “godfather of AI” is highlighting six harms it may pose to humans.

While speaking at this year’s Collision tech conference in Toronto on Wednesday, Hinton explained that some of the danger around using AI stems from the possibility that it may develop a desire to control others.

“We have to take seriously the possibility that if they get to be smarter than us, which seems quite likely, and they have goals of their own, which seems quite likely, they may well develop the goal of taking control,” Hinton said. “If they do that, we’re in trouble.”

The cognitive psychologist and computer scientist resigned from Google earlier this year to speak more openly about the potential dangers of AI. Hinton has been voicing his concerns for months as AI technology has become more accessible to the public through tools such as ChatGPT.

Use of the AI chatbot has exploded since it was released in November 2022. Developed by OpenAI, an artificial intelligence research company, the tool is capable of imitating human-like conversation in response to prompts submitted by users. As a large language model, ChatGPT digests substantial amounts of data in text form and provides responses based on the information it has ingested.

But along with raising ethical issues related to plagiarism and the disclosure of personal information, ChatGPT has also produced offensive and biased results.

Hinton took centre stage at the conference and spoke to hundreds of attendees, some of whom sat on the floor after seats quickly filled up. More than 40,000 people from around the world descended upon Toronto for this year’s Collision tech conference, and nearly every talk touched on the wide-ranging implications of AI.

In his chat with Nick Thompson, CEO of The Atlantic, Hinton said large language models “still can’t match” human reasoning, although they are getting close. When Thompson asked if there is anything humans can do that a large language model could not replicate in the future, Hinton responded with “No.”

“We’re just a machine … we’re just a big neural net,” the British-Canadian scientist said. “There’s no reason why an artificial neural net shouldn’t be able to do everything we can do.”

A fellow “godfather of AI,” computer scientist Yann LeCun, shared his outlook on artificial intelligence at the Viva Technology conference in Paris earlier this month, describing it as “intrinsically good.”

Hinton, LeCun and Yoshua Bengio won the A.M. Turing Award, known as the Nobel Prize of computing, in 2018.

“The effect of AI is to make people smarter,” LeCun said on June 14. “You can think of AI as an amplifier of human intelligence and when people are smarter, better things happen.”

Hinton, however, remains skeptical that AI designed with good intentions will prevail over technology developed by bad actors.

“I’m not convinced that good AI that is trying to stop bad AI getting control will win,” he said.

Below are six key dangers AI may pose to humans, according to Hinton:

1. BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION

By training with data sets that are biased, AI technology and large language models such as ChatGPT are capable of producing responses that are equally biased, Hinton said.

For example, a post from one Twitter user in December 2022 shows the chatbot wrote code that said only white or Asian men would make good scientists, a response that would have been derived from the data it was trained on. ChatGPT’s response to the prompt has since been updated and OpenAI has said it is working to reduce biases in the tool’s system.

Despite these challenges, Hinton said it’s relatively easy to limit the potential for bias and discrimination by freezing the behaviour exhibited by this technology, analyzing it and adjusting parameters to correct it.

2. BATTLE ROBOTS

The idea of armed forces around the world producing lethal autonomous weapons such as battle robots is a realistic one, Hinton said.

“Defence departments are going to build them and I don’t see how you can stop them doing it,” he said.

It may be helpful to develop a treaty similar to the Geneva Conventions in order to establish international legal standards around prohibiting the use of this kind of technology, Hinton said. But such an agreement should be developed sooner rather than later, he said.

Last month, a conference of countries behind a Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons met to discuss lethal autonomous weapon systems. However, after 10 years of deliberation, international laws and regulations on the use of these weapon systems don’t yet exist.

Despite this, such technology is likely to continue to develop. Looking at the ongoing war in Ukraine, the country’s digital transformation minister, Mykhailo Fedorov, said fully autonomous killer drones were “a logical and inevitable next step” in weapons development, according to The Associated Press.

3. JOBLESSNESS

The development of large language models will help increase productivity among employees and in some cases, may replace the jobs of people who produce text, Hinton said.

Other experts have also shared their concerns over AI’s potential to replace human labour in the job market. But employers will be more likely to use AI to replace individual tasks rather than entire jobs, said Anil Verma, professor emeritus of industrial relations and human resources management at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management.

Additionally, the adoption of this technology will happen “gradually,” said Verma, who specializes in the impact of AI and digital technologies on skills and jobs.

“Over time, some jobs will be lost, as they have been through every other wave of technology,” Verma told CTVNews.ca in a telephone interview on May 24. “But it happened at a rate that we were able to adjust and adapt.”

While some may be hopeful that AI will help generate employment in new fields, Hinton said he is unsure of whether the technology will create more jobs than it will eliminate.

His recommendation to young people is to pursue careers in areas such as plumbing.

“The jobs that are going to survive AI for a long time are jobs where you have to be very adaptable and physically skilled,” he said. “[Manual dexterity] is still hard [to replicate].”

4. ECHO CHAMBERS

One problem that has existed prior to the development of large language models and is likely to continue is the establishment of online echo chambers, Hinton said. These are environments where users come into contact with beliefs or ideas similar to their own. As a result, these perspectives are reinforced while other opinions are not considered.

There may be programs with algorithms using AI that have been trained on human emotion to expose users to a certain type of content, Hinton said. He brought up the example of large companies feeding users content that makes them “indignant” to try to encourage them to click.

It’s an open question as to whether AI could be used to resolve this issue or make it worse, Hinton said.

5. EXISTENTIAL RISK

Finally, Hinton also raised concerns over the threat AI may pose to the existence of humanity. If this technology becomes much smarter than humans and is capable of manipulating them, it may take over, Hinton said. Humans have a strong, built-in urge to obtain control, and this is a trait AI will be able to develop, too, said Hinton.

“The more control you get, the easier it is to achieve things,” he said. “I think AI will be able to derive that, too. It’s good to get control so you can achieve other goals.”

Humans may not be able to overpower this desire for control, or regulate AI that may have bad intentions, Hinton said. This could contribute to the extinction or disappearance of humanity. While some may see this as a joke or an example of fearmongering, Hinton disagrees.

“It’s not just science fiction,” he said. “It is a real risk that we need to think about and we need to figure out in advance how to deal with it.”

6. FAKE NEWS

AI also has the ability to disseminate fake news, Hinton said. As a result, it’s important to mark information that’s fake as such to prevent misinformation, he said.

Hinton pointed to governments that have made it a criminal offence to knowingly use or keep counterfeit money, and said something similar should be done with AI-generated content that is deliberately misleading. However, he said he is unsure whether this kind of approach is possible.

CAN ANYTHING BE DONE TO HELP?

Hinton said he has no idea how to make AI more likely to be a force for good than for bad. But before this technology becomes incredibly intelligent, he urged developers to work on understanding how AI might go wrong or try to overpower humans.

Companies developing AI technology should also put more resources into stopping AI from taking over rather than just making the technology better, he said.

“We seriously ought to worry about mitigating all the bad side-effects of [AI],” he said.

With files from The Canadian Press

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Telus prioritizing ‘most important customers,’ avoiding ‘unprofitable’ offers: CFO

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Telus Corp. says it is avoiding offering “unprofitable” discounts as fierce competition in the Canadian telecommunications sector shows no sign of slowing down.

The company said Friday it had fewer net new customers during its third quarter compared with the same time last year, as it copes with increasingly “aggressive marketing and promotional pricing” that is prompting more customers to switch providers.

Telus said it added 347,000 net new customers, down around 14.5 per cent compared with last year. The figure includes 130,000 mobile phone subscribers and 34,000 internet customers, down 30,000 and 3,000, respectively, year-over-year.

The company reported its mobile phone churn rate — a metric measuring subscribers who cancelled their services — was 1.09 per cent in the third quarter, up from 1.03 per cent in the third quarter of 2023. That included a postpaid mobile phone churn rate of 0.90 per cent in its latest quarter.

Telus said its focus is on customer retention through its “industry-leading service and network quality, along with successful promotions and bundled offerings.”

“The customers we have are the most important customers we can get,” said chief financial officer Doug French in an interview.

“We’ve, again, just continued to focus on what matters most to our customers, from a product and customer service perspective, while not loading unprofitable customers.”

Meanwhile, Telus reported its net income attributable to common shares more than doubled during its third quarter.

The telecommunications company said it earned $280 million, up 105.9 per cent from the same three-month period in 2023. Earnings per diluted share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 was 19 cents compared with nine cents a year earlier.

It reported adjusted net income was $413 million, up 10.7 per cent year-over-year from $373 million in the same quarter last year. Operating revenue and other income for the quarter was $5.1 billion, up 1.8 per cent from the previous year.

Mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.85 in the third quarter, a decrease of $2.09 or 3.4 per cent from a year ago. Telus said the drop was attributable to customers signing up for base rate plans with lower prices, along with a decline in overage and roaming revenues.

It said customers are increasingly adopting unlimited data and Canada-U.S. plans which provide higher and more stable ARPU on a monthly basis.

“In a tough operating environment and relative to peers, we view Q3 results that were in line to slightly better than forecast as the best of the bunch,” said RBC analyst Drew McReynolds in a note.

Scotiabank analyst Maher Yaghi added that “the telecom industry in Canada remains very challenging for all players, however, Telus has been able to face these pressures” and still deliver growth.

The Big 3 telecom providers — which also include Rogers Communications Inc. and BCE Inc. — have frequently stressed that the market has grown more competitive in recent years, especially after the closing of Quebecor Inc.’s purchase of Freedom Mobile in April 2023.

Hailed as a fourth national carrier, Quebecor has invested in enhancements to Freedom’s network while offering more affordable plans as part of a set of commitments it was mandated by Ottawa to agree to.

The cost of telephone services in September was down eight per cent compared with a year earlier, according to Statistics Canada’s most recent inflation report last month.

“I think competition has been and continues to be, I’d say, quite intense in Canada, and we’ve obviously had to just manage our business the way we see fit,” said French.

Asked how long that environment could last, he said that’s out of Telus’ hands.

“What I can control, though, is how we go to market and how we lead with our products,” he said.

“I think the conditions within the market will have to adjust accordingly over time. We’ve continued to focus on digitization, continued to bring our cost structure down to compete, irrespective of the price and the current market conditions.”

Still, Canada’s telecom regulator continues to warn providers about customers facing more charges on their cellphone and internet bills.

On Tuesday, CRTC vice-president of consumer, analytics and strategy Scott Hutton called on providers to ensure they clearly inform their customers of charges such as early cancellation fees.

That followed statements from the regulator in recent weeks cautioning against rising international roaming fees and “surprise” price increases being found on their bills.

Hutton said the CRTC plans to launch public consultations in the coming weeks that will focus “on ensuring that information is clear and consistent, making it easier to compare offers and switch services or providers.”

“The CRTC is concerned with recent trends, which suggest that Canadians may not be benefiting from the full protections of our codes,” he said.

“We will continue to monitor developments and will take further action if our codes are not being followed.”

French said any initiative to boost transparency is a step in the right direction.

“I can’t say we are perfect across the board, but what I can say is we are absolutely taking it under consideration and trying to be the best at communicating with our customers,” he said.

“I think everyone looking in the mirror would say there’s room for improvement.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:T)

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TC Energy cuts cost estimate for Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico

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CALGARY – TC Energy Corp. has lowered the estimated cost of its Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico.

It says it now expects the project to cost between US$3.9 billion and US$4.1 billion compared with its original estimate of US$4.5 billion.

The change came as the company reported a third-quarter profit attributable to common shareholders of C$1.46 billion or $1.40 per share compared with a loss of C$197 million or 19 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

Revenue for the quarter ended Sept. 30 totalled C$4.08 billion, up from C$3.94 billion in the third quarter of 2023.

TC Energy says its comparable earnings for its latest quarter amounted to C$1.03 per share compared with C$1.00 per share a year earlier.

The average analyst estimate had been for a profit of 95 cents per share, according to LSEG Data & Analytics.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:TRP)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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BCE reports Q3 loss on asset impairment charge, cuts revenue guidance

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BCE Inc. reported a loss in its latest quarter as it recorded $2.11 billion in asset impairment charges, mainly related to Bell Media’s TV and radio properties.

The company says its net loss attributable to common shareholders amounted to $1.24 billion or $1.36 per share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 compared with a profit of $640 million or 70 cents per share a year earlier.

On an adjusted basis, BCE says it earned 75 cents per share in its latest quarter compared with an adjusted profit of 81 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

“Bell’s results for the third quarter demonstrate that we are disciplined in our pursuit of profitable growth in an intensely competitive environment,” BCE chief executive Mirko Bibic said in a statement.

“Our focus this quarter, and throughout 2024, has been to attract higher-margin subscribers and reduce costs to help offset short-term revenue impacts from sustained competitive pricing pressures, slow economic growth and a media advertising market that is in transition.”

Operating revenue for the quarter totalled $5.97 billion, down from $6.08 billion in its third quarter of 2023.

BCE also said it now expects its revenue for 2024 to fall about 1.5 per cent compared with earlier guidance for an increase of zero to four per cent.

The company says the change comes as it faces lower-than-anticipated wireless product revenue and sustained pressure on wireless prices.

BCE added 33,111 net postpaid mobile phone subscribers, down 76.8 per cent from the same period last year, which was the company’s second-best performance on the metric since 2010.

It says the drop was driven by higher customer churn — a measure of subscribers who cancelled their service — amid greater competitive activity and promotional offer intensity. BCE’s monthly churn rate for the category was 1.28 per cent, up from 1.1 per cent during its previous third quarter.

The company also saw 11.6 per cent fewer gross subscriber activations “due to more targeted promotional offers and mobile device discounting compared to last year.”

Bell’s wireless mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.26, down 3.4 per cent from $60.28 in the third quarter of the prior year.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:BCE)

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