Apr 29: Apples for a warmer world, Rosalind Franklin and DNA, birds' belly canteen and more… | Canada News Media
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Apr 29: Apples for a warmer world, Rosalind Franklin and DNA, birds’ belly canteen and more…

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Quirks and Quarks54:02Apples for a warmer world, Rosalind Franklin and DNA, birds’ belly canteen, moustranaut microbiome and Brian Cox on black holes

 


On this episode of Quirks & Quarks with Bob McDonald:

How do you like them apples? A researcher breeds climate-change tolerant fruit

 

Quirks and Quarks8:16How do you like them apples? A researcher breeds climate-change tolerant fruit

 

Through a combination of crossbreeding and selection over more than 30 years, Christopher Walsh, professor emeritus in the Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture at the University of Maryland, has come up with two perfect apples for a warmer world. The two new varieties are heat-tolerant, blight-resistant, and are easy to harvest. His research is part of the Maryland Tree Architecture Program.

Christopher Walsh beside a yet-to-be-named new variety of heat resistant apple. The trees are also bred to be shorter to make then easier to harvest and resistant to a common disease aggravated by warmer temperatures. (Kathleen Hunt)

New documents retell the story of Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to DNA science

 

Quirks and Quarks9:46New documents retell the story of Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to DNA science

 

This week marks the 70th anniversary of the publication of the groundbreaking paper in the journal Nature that described the discovery of the structure of DNA. That work led to the 1962 Nobel Prize for three scientists. But not recognized was the scientist whose data and x-ray image of DNA provided the eureka moment for the discovery. That was Rosalind Franklin, a chemist and x-ray crystallographer from Kings College, London. But today, new evidence, uncovered by Matthew Cobb, a zoologist from The University of Manchester, supports Franklin’s role as an equal collaborator in the discovery. His research was published in Nature.

Rosalind Franklin ( Henry Grant Collection/Mol/Shutterstock)

Desert birds have special belly feathers for carrying water for their chicks

 

Quirks and Quarks8:14Desert birds have special belly feathers for carrying water for their chicks

 

The African sandgrouse are uniquely adapted to the dry environments in which they live. Unlike other birds, the sandgrouse are really good at collecting water — they can soak up to 15 per cent of their weight in water with their abdominal feathers and then carry it for many kilometres back to their chicks. Lorna Gibson, Matoula S. Salapatas professor of materials science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, teamed up with Johns Hopkins University’s Jochen Mueller to learn more about the unique structure of the sandgrouse feathers by studying them using powerful microscopes and micro CT scans. Their findings about the unique water-retaining structures in the feathers are published in the Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

The abdominal feathers of sandgrouse have unique structures that allow them to absorb and retain water. (Johns Hopkins University)

Space mice give insight into how our microbiome could protect us from bone loss

 

Quirks and Quarks8:12Space mice give insight into how our microbiome could protect us from bone loss

 

Mice who travelled to the International Space Station lost bone mass, as astronauts also do, but a new study published in Cell Reports suggests their gut bacteria might have worked to slow the process down. Joseph Bedree, then a PhD student at the University of California, Los Angeles and the Forsyth Institute, was part of the team that studied the moustranauts after they returned from their space journeys. The researchers found changes in the microbial communities that live inside the mice, which seemed to be linked to bone growth. This small step for the mouse may take scientists closer to a leap in fighting bone loss in microgravity.

Mice that spent over two months in microgravity on the International Space Station returned with more diverse gut microbiomes than their earthling counterparts, with particular bacteria associated with bone growth. On the ISS, the mice lived in special rodent housing shown here. (NASA/Dominic Hart)

 

 

Quirks and Quarks16:47UK science star Brian Cox’s new book explores how we might live in a black hole

 

Physicist Brian Cox has become a globally famous science communicator because of his gifts for making complex subjects approachable. In his latest book, Black Holes: The Key to Understanding the Universe, Cox tackles the enormous challenge of reconciling the fundamental clash of principles between gravity on a large scale and quantum theory. The professor of particle physics from the University of Manchester and the Royal Society told Quirks & Quarks host Bob McDonald how advances in his field are forcing us to consider a deeper view of reality.

Particle physicist Brian Cox explores the mind bending new physics of black holes where general relativity and quantum theory collide. (Mark Harrison)

 

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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