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Astronomers discover record-breaking stars as small as the Moon but heavier than the Sun – Texasnewstoday.com

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Astronomers have discovered the smallest but largest White dwarf The stars I’ve seen so far.

According to a new study published in Nature on Thursday, “very special” stars are heavier than our Sun and are all packed into a relatively small body the same size as our Moon. .. It was formed when two not-so-large white dwarfs, who spent their lives as a pair orbiting each other, collided and merged together.

At the end of their lives, the majority of stars become white dwarfs. And, in addition to being essentially a smoldering corpse, it is one of the densest objects in the universe. Black holes and neutron stars.. In about 5 billion years, our Sun will eventually become a red giant before suffering the same fate.

“It may seem counterintuitive, but the little white dwarf happens to be heavier,” lead author Ilaria Caiazzo said in a statement. “This is due to the fact that white dwarfs lack nuclear fusion, which keeps normal stars against their own gravity, and instead their size is regulated by quantum mechanics.”

A highly magnetized dead star named ZTF J1901 + 1458 is relatively close to Earth, only about 130 million light-years away. It was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) at the Palomar Observatory at the California Institute of Technology.

When the two white dwarfs merged, they combined to form a new star. It weighs about 1.35 times the mass of our Sun and is the heaviest we have ever found. If either star had a slightly higher mass, the merger would have caused the following violent explosion: Supernova..

The white dwarf ZTFJ1901 + 1458 is approximately 2,670 miles in diameter and the moon is 2,174 miles in diameter. The white dwarf is depicted on the moon in this artistic expression. In reality, the white dwarf is in the constellation of the scrubbing brush 130 light-years away.

Giuseppe Parisi

The ZTF J1901 + 1458 also has an “extreme” magnetic field that is about one billion times stronger than the Sun, spinning rapidly and completing one revolution in just seven minutes. It takes about 27 days for the sun to rotate.

With a diameter of 2,670 miles, it is known as the smallest white dwarf in the universe, over 400 miles. By comparison, the diameter of the moon is 2,174 miles.

“I caught this very interesting object that wasn’t big enough to explode,” says Caiazzo. “We are truly investigating how huge a white dwarf can be.”

So what’s next to the rare star?

Researchers believe that stars probably have a mass large enough to evolve. Neutron star, This is usually formed when a star with a much larger mass than the Sun explodes in a supernova. If their hypothesis is correct, it means that many of the neutron stars in the universe may have been formed in this previously unknown way.

“It’s so heavy and dense that in its nucleus electrons are captured by protons in the nucleus to form neutrons,” Caiazzo said. “The pressure from the electrons pushes against gravity, leaving the star intact, so the core collapses when enough electrons are removed.”

The fact that the stars are close to Earth and young (only about 100 million years or younger) means that similar stellar phenomena can occur more commonly in our own galaxies.

“Until now, we have not been able to systematically explore short-scale astronomical phenomena on this kind of scale. The results of these efforts are amazing,” said the first star found in all-sky images. Kevin Barge said.

But researchers say they are just getting started.

“There are many questions to address, such as the rate of white dwarf mergers in the galaxy. Is it enough to explain the number of Type Ia supernovae?” Caiazzo said. “How are the magnetic fields generated by these powerful events, and why are there such variations in magnetic field strength among the white dwarfs? The greatness of the white dwarfs born from the merger. Finding a group will help you answer all these questions and more. ”

Astronomers discover record-breaking stars as small as the Moon but heavier than the Sun

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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