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Astronomers Find Two Planetary Systems Around Sun-Like Stars

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NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has been busy. Clocking in over 5000 exoplanet candidates, the researchers who manage the telescope’s data have enlisted an army of volunteer classifiers to sift through its data to confirm whether these planets exist. In a new paper in Astronomy & Astrophysics, some researchers from Brazil think they have found three planets that almost certainly do – and they happen to orbit stars that are very similar to our own Sun.

 

The planets were located in two separate star systems, known as TOI-2141 and TOI-1736, respectively. TOI-2141 is located about 250 light years away; while it is slightly older than our Sun, it’s almost exactly the same size. TOI-173 is 290 lightyears away and about the same age and temperature as our Sun. However, it is slightly larger and has more heavy elements, which could significantly impact the formation of planets. It’s also a binary star system, which we will get into later.

There are several categories that exoplanets are slotted into. The planetary candidates in TOI-2141 and TOI-1736 fall into two distinct ones – “Super-Jupiters” and “mini-Neptunes,” since many of the categories use planets in our home system as a basis.

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Fraser discusses TESS’s mission and what was discovered during it – though new discoveries are still happening from its data all the time.

TOI-2141 contains only one planet – a mini-Neptune named TOI-2141b. Its surface temperature is 450 degrees Celsius, and its orbital period of a little more than 18 days means it’s likely tidally locked to its parent star. It’s about three times Earth’s surface diameter, weighs in at a whopping 24 times our planet’s mass, and appears to have a rocky core with an atmosphere potentially filled with gaseous water. It also seems to be the only planet in the system, at least as far as we can tell, with the limited observational time devoted to it.

TOI-1736 is a much more chaotic system. The researchers found two planets in the system, around the larger of the two stars in the binary pair. Both planets were found to be close enough to their host star that interaction from its binary companion was minimal, which, if it wasn’t, could massively complicate the planet’s orbits.

One planet, known as TOI-1736b, is also classified as a mini-Neptune, with a diameter two and a half times that of Earth and a mass about 13 times as large. It’s closer to its parent star than TOI-2141b, orbiting every 7.1 days. That also means it’s hotter, with an expected surface temperature of up to 800 degrees Celsius.

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TESS has captured the imagination of many a planet-hunter.

Its neighboring planet, TOI-1736c, is absolutely massive. A “super-Jupiter” is nine times larger than Jupiter itself, making it large enough to have almost become a star in its own right. However, it didn’t and ended up in the habitable zone of TOI-1736. While the planet is a gas giant and doesn’t have any solid surface to stand on, it presumably has a series of moons, much like Jupiter. One of those could potentially sport liquid water on its surface.

There’s also a third potential planet in the TOI-1736 system, but observations with TESS and a 1.93m telescope at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence didn’t last long enough to be able to confirm it. More data is needed, especially in exoplanet hunting, as with most science-related things. There will undoubtedly be plenty more coming from both TESS and other sources shortly.

Learn More:
LNA – Discovery of Two Planetary Systems Around Sun-like Stars
E. Martioli et al. – TOI-1736 and TOI-2141: Two systems including sub-Neptunes around solar analogs revealed by TESS and SOPHIE
UT – TESS Finds a Super-Earth and two Mini-Neptunes in a Single System
UT – The Most Common Exoplanets Might be “Mini-Neptunes”

Lead Image:
Artistic representation of the TOI-1736 planetary system, with out-of-scale depictions of the planets TOI-1736c (on the left) and TOI-1736b (in the center).
Image credit: Leandro de Almeida.

 

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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