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Augmented reality planetarium experience in Sutton, Que., opens up the sky to campers – CBC.ca

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Nestled deep in the forest in the Eastern Townships, perched on the side of a mountain, there’s a 184-seat Roman-style amphitheatre, where dozens of people have waited for the sun to set and for total darkness to arrive, to don specially-made augmented reality headsets, and stare into the night sky. 

Au Diable Vert, an outdoor recreation outfitter in the Sutton mountain range, has developed the world’s first augmented reality planetarium experience, called Observétoiles. 

The headsets — made of cardboard, with straps to keep them secure, and outfitted with a smartphone and special app — allow people to look up at the sky and identify the stars, planets and constellations. 

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Observétoiles’s hour-long presentation by an astronomer takes participants on a tour of the solar system, before identifying the dozens of constellations and talking about their Indigenous, Asian, and Greco-Roman histories.  

The app and headset superimpose faint images, the original 17th century illustrations of 88 constellations, over the real stars in the sky, depending on where you face.  

And the amphitheatre has heated seats. 

“It’s pretty amazing,” said Au Diable Vert owner Jeremy Fontana, whose idea it was to capitalize on the near-total darkness on the mountain, where he says stargazing has always been spectacular.

Au Diable Vert owner Jeremy Fontana stands atop the amphitheatre’s round stage ahead of the Observétoiles presentation. (Spencer Van Dyk/CBC)

“You know one of the best things about being at Au Diable Vert is the location,” he said, pointing across the valley at Jay Peak, just a few kilometres away as the crow flies, in Vermont. 

“You’ll see as the sun goes down, there is not one single light, there’s not even one light bulb, which is not so unusual in Quebec, but it’s very unusual an hour and a half from Montreal, and an hour from Sherbrooke,” he said. “That’s one of the most compelling things about the site.” 

Years of research, a dozen ideas 

Before there was Observétoiles, Fontana said he bounced around several ideas for how to get the best outdoor planetarium experience. 

He said when he bought the place 15 years ago, visitors would tell him about the shooting stars and satellites they’d seen, not to mention Jupiter and Saturn.

Fontana decided to try using a telescope.  

“There are some things you can see with a small telescope,” he said, but it had its challenges, since guests would often bump the telescopes, which would then have to be reset.

“The moon looks cool, you can often see the rings around Saturn, you can see quasars, which just kind of look like dust on the lens, so I said to my wife that there has to be a better way.” 

Observétoiles participant Daniel Kramer tests his augmented reality headset before the sun sets and the presentation starts. (Spencer Van Dyk/CBC)

Fontana imagined creating heated boxes for people to sit and stargaze during the winter, or a massive glamping dome big enough for everyone to sit inside and look up, or even projecting the images of the constellations onto the sky using a giant laser. But none of the ideas were perfect. 

The business owner then thought of augmented reality. 

He travelled to a conference to find the perfect headset, and purchased 10,000 of them from a kickstarter in the Netherlands that adapted the product to Fontana’s needs — namely being able to use it at night.

“As you look at the sky, the image of the constellation appears where it should be right over those real stars, and as you move around, the constellations change,” he explained. 

“And if you look down at the ground, you actually see the constellations that are in Australia, which is super weird and super fun,” he said. “The phone doesn’t really know, it just knows that if you look that way, those are the stars and the constellations.” 

A screenshot of the Eagle constellation, showing the stars in the sky, and the 17th century illustration, captured from the Star Chart AR app used in the Observétoiles augmented reality headsets. (Screenshot from Star Chart AR)

Fontana later contacted National Geographic, which got on board with the project, and he worked with the municipality of Sutton to use narrower beam LED lights in town to reduce light pollution, and Au Diable Vert became a dark sky preservation zone.

“It’s been a big adventure,” Fontana said. 

From the amphitheatre, people can see dozens of satellites, and on most nights, the Milky Way shines bright and looks almost 3D.

“It really is an astoundingly dark sky, which is amazing,” Fontana said. 

Participants Eric Fournier and Andreane Asselin said they heard about Observétoiles online and decided to stay at Au Diable Vert for a few nights. 

“The stars showed up,” Fournier said.

“It was better [than expected],” he said. “It was really the presentation that made a big difference.” 

Finding the right staff

Fournier said an unexpected hurdle was finding astronomers who would be willing to give the presentations. 

“I posted it, and I thought I was going to be flooded, but I was having a very hard time,” he said, explaining he tried to recruit staff at university space programs. 

“I spoke to someone who told me astronomers don’t know anything about stars and constellations,” he said.

“They study quasars, and black holes and the time continuum, and they study them in super detail, and just because they’re working in the sky all the time doesn’t mean they know the history of the constellations and the First Nations and the stories.” 

Once the technology was up and running, Fontana said he was lucky to find amateur astronomers who knew all about the planets and the constellations, and they were able to put a presentation together. 

The dark skies in Sutton are perfect for stargazing. (Submitted by Sophie Chagnon)

Edu-tainment

“Once you do something a couple times even as a guest, once you use the headset a few times, you know when you’re in your backyard at 9 or 10 o’clock, you’ll be able to see those constellations without the headset, so it’s really a learning activity, edu-tainment, if you will,” Fontana said. 

“It’s been satisfying to see it come together, and it’s fun to have something local be recognized in so many other places,” he added. 

Sophie Chagnon has been working at Au Diable Vert for the better part of a decade, first as a summer student, and then full time during the summers. 

“It’s been really exciting and quite interesting to learn about the stars I’ve seen my whole life,” she said. 

Chagnon said every year there’s a new fact she learns that sticks with her, such as the days of the week being named after the planets in our solar system. 

Fontana said the team’s been fortunate that Observétoiles is in many ways a post-COVID-19 idea, where participants can be distanced and outside in the fresh air.

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Giant prehistoric salmon had tusk-like teeth for defence, building nests

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The artwork and publicity materials showcasing a giant salmon that lived five million years ago were ready to go to promote a new exhibit, when the discovery of two fossilized skulls immediately changed what researchers knew about the fish.

Initial fossil discoveries of the 2.7-metre-long salmon in Oregon in the 1970s were incomplete and had led researchers to mistakenly suggest the fish had fang-like teeth.

It was dubbed the “sabre-toothed salmon” and became a kind of mascot for the Museum of Natural and Cultural History at the University of Oregon, says researcher Edward Davis.

But then came discovery of two skulls in 2014.

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Davis, a member of the team that found the skulls, says it wasn’t until they got back to the lab that he realized the significance of the discovery that has led to the renaming of the fish in a new, peer-reviewed study.

“There were these two skulls staring at me with sideways teeth,” says Davis, an associate professor in the department of earth sciences at the university.

In that position, the tusk-like teeth could not have been used for biting, he says.

“That was definitely a surprising moment,” says Davis, who serves as director of the Condon Fossil Collection at the university’s Museum of Natural and Cultural History.

“I realized that all of the artwork and all of the publicity materials and bumper stickers and buttons and T-shirts we had just made two months prior, for the new exhibit, were all out of date,” he says with a laugh.

Davis is co-author of the new study in the journal PLOS One, which renames the giant fish the “spike-toothed salmon.”

It says the salmon used the tusk-like spikes for building nests to spawn, and as defence mechanisms against predators and other salmon.

The salmon lived about five million years ago at a time when Earth was transitioning from warmer to relatively cooler conditions, Davis says.

It’s hard to know exactly why the relatives of today’s sockeye went extinct, but Davis says the cooler conditions would have affected the productivity of the Pacific Ocean and the amount of rain feeding rivers that served as their spawning areas.

Another co-author, Brian Sidlauskas, says a fish the size of the spike-toothed salmon must have been targeted by predators such as killer whales or sharks.

“I like to think … it’s almost like a sledgehammer, these salmon swinging their head back and forth in order to fend off things that might want to feast on them,” he says.

Sidlauskas says analysis by the lead author of the paper, Kerin Claeson, found both male and female salmon had the “multi-functional” spike-tooth feature.

“That’s part of our reason for hypothesizing that this tooth is multi-functional … It could easily be for digging out nests,” he says.

“Think about how big the (nest) would have to be for an animal of this size, and then carving it out in what’s probably pretty shallow water; and so having an extra digging tool attached to your head could be really useful.”

Sidlauskas says the giant salmon help researchers understand the boundaries of what’s possible with the evolution of salmon, but they also capture the human imagination and a sense of wonder about what’s possible on Earth.

“I think it helps us value a little more what we do still have, or I hope that it does. That animal is no longer with us, but it is a product of the same biosphere that sustains us.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published April 24, 2024.

Brenna Owen, The Canadian Press

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Giant prehistoric salmon had tusk-like spikes used for defence, building nests: study

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A new paper says a giant salmon that lived five million years ago in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest used tusk-like spikes as defense mechanisms and for building nests to spawn.

The initial fossil discoveries of the 2.7-metre-long salmon in Oregon in the 1970s were incomplete and led researchers to suggest the fish had fang-like teeth.

The now-extinct fish was dubbed the “saber-tooth salmon,” but the study published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS One today renames it the “spike-toothed salmon” and says both males and females possessed the “multifunctional” feature.

Study co-author Edward Davis says the revelation about the tusk-like teeth came after the discovery of fossilized skulls at a site in Oregon in 2014.

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Davis, an associate professor in the department of earth sciences at the University of Oregon, says he was surprised to see the skulls had “sideways teeth.”

Contrary to the belief since the 1970s, he says the teeth couldn’t have been used for any kind of biting.

“That was definitely a surprising moment,” Davis says of the fossil discovery in 2014. “I realized that all of the artwork and all of the publicity materials … we had just made two months prior, for the new exhibit, were all out of date.”

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SpaceX sends 23 Starlink satellites into low-Earth orbit

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April 23 (UPI) — SpaceX launched 23 Starlink satellites into low-Earth orbit Tuesday evening from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

Liftoff occurred at 6:17 EDT with a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket sending the payload of 23 Starlink satellites into orbit.

The Falcon 9 rocket’s first-stage booster landed on an autonomous drone ship in the Atlantic Ocean after separating from the rocket’s second stage and its payload.

The entire mission was scheduled to take about an hour and 5 minutes to complete from launch to satellite deployment.

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The mission was the ninth flight for the first-stage booster that previously completed five Starlink satellite-deployment missions and three other missions.

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