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Banks brace for tough economic times in 2024

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Canada’s biggest banks are signalling expectations for a weak economy in 2024 as lenders set aside more money for provisions for loans that could default and cut jobs to rein in mounting expenses.

The country’s largest lenders posted mixed fourth-quarter financial results this week. As uncertainty looms over just how far the economy could tumble next year, bank earnings point to lower profits and an uptick in sour loans.

“We see potential downside risk to 2024 earnings expectations across the banks based on higher credit losses,” CIBC analyst Paul Holden said in a note to clients.

In the fourth quarter, the banks continued increasing their provisions for credit losses (PCLs) – the funds lenders set aside to cover loans that may default.

While the levels of these provisions have been creeping higher in anticipation of a potential economic downturn, the reserves are just starting to rebound to prepandemic levels before the banks released billions of dollars in provisions in 2021, when delinquencies were lower than expected.

Higher interest rates are slowing growth and boosting unemployment, Royal Bank of Canada RY-T chief risk officer Graeme Hepworth said during a conference call with analysts. Less than a third of mortgage clients have seen their payments affected by higher rates, with many fixed-rate mortgages coming up for renewal in the coming years.

“We expect credit outcomes to deteriorate as more clients become impacted by higher interest rates over time as unemployment rates continue to increase,” Mr. Hepworth said.

Bank of Montreal BMO-T and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce CM-T were the only large lenders that set aside fewer provisions for loans that are still being repaid this quarter compared with the prior quarter.

“For some reason this quarter, BMO became less negative even as impaired loan losses increased,” RBC analyst Darko Mihelic said in a note to clients. “We do not think this quarter’s PCL actions changes BMO’s credit-quality profile, but we are not fans of the optics either.”

BMO also signalled that it expects provisions for loans that have turned sour to remain below historical averages.

While loan-default rates are expected to edge higher next year, consumers are still sitting on excess savings built up over the pandemic and are reprioritizing their spending to manage higher rates, according to Bank of Montreal chief risk officer Piyush Agrawal. Chequing and savings account balances have fallen over the past year, but customers still have 12 per cent more cash than they had before the COVID-19 pandemic.

“The economy has been holding up very well,” Mr. Agrawal said during a conference call. “We’re seeing positive revisions to economic forecasts, and I think this will play out to our benefit as we go into 2024.”

Meanwhile, inflation has also hit the banks’ balance sheets. Expenses have been steadily climbing throughout the year, prompting many of the large lenders to launch restructuring plans aimed at slashing salary and real estate costs.

Toronto-Dominion Bank TD-T posted $266-million in after-tax restructuring charges, aiming to book savings of about $400-million pretax in 2024.

The bank said it will reduce its work force by 3 per cent, or 3,000 jobs, and reduce its corporate and branch real estate footprint. In the fourth quarter, the bank shed about 0.5 per cent of its employee base, or more than 500 jobs.

“All of those savings will need to be reinvested back into the business, including for risk and control,” Mr. Holden said in a note. “Management is guiding to elevated expense growth in 2024 and about 2 per cent thereafter.”

RBC, BMO and Bank of Nova Scotia BNS-T had previously announced job cuts as part of broader plans to reduce costs.

RBC’s work force dropped by 2.5 per cent in the quarter, trimming 2,355 jobs. BMO’s employee base fell 2.8 per cent as it shed more than 1,500 jobs, with more than half in the U.S.

Scotiabank’s headcount fell 1.7 per cent in the quarter, while CIBC finished the fiscal year with a 5-per-cent reduction in full-time staff. National Bank of Canada avoided big severance charges, but reduced its Canadian employee base by 1.6 per cent in 2023.

Meanwhile, the banks also face a tighter regulatory environment as Canada’s banking watchdog increased levels of capital that the banks must hold. The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) increased the domestic stability buffer (DSB) – a capital reserve banks must build as a cushion against an economic downturn – twice in the past year.

The increase also prompted a change to the minimum capital levels a bank must hold. The common equity tier 1 (CET1) ratio – a measure of a lender’s ability to absorb losses – climbed to 11.5 per cent on Nov. 1. If OSFI were to increase the buffer again, the CET1 ratio could reach as high as 12 per cent.

The banks typically aim to maintain a CET1 ratio at 50 basis points higher than OSFI’s minimum. (One hundred basis points equal one percentage point.) Most of the big banks posted a CET1 ratio of more than 12.5 per cent in the fourth quarter, while CIBC reached 12.4 per cent. Another increase would force the largest lenders to set aside billions of dollars more.

 

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B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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