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Cohen: Authoritarianism, architecture and Washington power politics – Ottawa Citizen

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The U.S. capital has a consistency, a uniformity that defies age and exudes authority. But it shouldn’t snuff out artistic creativity.


The U.S. Capitol is bathed in morning light at sunrise in Washington, U.S., February 14, 2020.


MARY F. CALVERT / REUTERS

WASHINGTON – There’s a draft executive order circulating in the White House these days that’s unrelated to immigration, de-regulation, education, health care or any of the usual hot-button issues of Donald Trump’s presidency.

This executive order is about architecture. It wants federal buildings – courthouses, agency headquarters, museums – built in the neo-classical style that has come to characterize this city over two centuries. This is the style that has made the capital look like the seat of the American Empire.

In its architecture, Washington has a consistency, a uniformity and a beauty. It defies age. The motif emerged in the 19th century before the United States was a global power, signalling its ambition. When America is no longer an empire, it will recall its glory, as Vienna does Austria.

The Capitol, the Supreme Court, the White House, the National Archives, the Library of Congress, the Washington Monument, the Lincoln and Jefferson memorials, are all magnificent, incandescent, other-worldly. They inspire awe. Clad in white marble, pillared or domed, in rigorous proportion, they evoke ancient civilization. They make Washington into Athens, Rome or Disneyland on the Potomac.

On one level, this proposed executive order is sensible. In a world of brutalism and ugliness, why not invest in the grace and elegance that gratify our esthetic sense?

The executive order making its way to Trump’s desk in the Oval Office is called “Making Federal Buildings Beautiful Again.” Written by the National Civic Art Society, a non-profit organization founded in 2002, it laments “bizarre, hideous, disorienting” contemporary architecture.

It says the government “has largely stopped building beautiful buildings that the American people want to look at or work in.” It wants architecture to “once again inspire respect instead of bewilderment or repugnance.”

On one level, this proposed executive order is sensible. In a world of brutalism and ugliness, why not invest in the grace and elegance that gratify our esthetic sense? Why not believe in beauty?

That’s one way of looking at it: an effort to resist the ugliness of modernism that lives in today’s architecture like a disfiguring gene. Washington has it in some recent concrete boxes and steel palaces of startling institutional dullness.


Washington’s National Museum of the American Indian, designed by Douglas Cardinal.

PST

This executive order celebrates neo-classicism. New buildings would echo the motif, as does the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, a massive federal office complex near the White House that opened in 1998. It sits organically in its environment. So does the Embassy of Canada, in the shadow of the Capitol, on Pennsylvania Avenue. Isn’t that something to cheer?

Actually, no. The problem with the draft executive order is that it leaves little room for variety, novelty or originality. It wants to impose a policy on federal buildings that the American Institute of Architects, one of many critics, calls “one size fits all.”

The problem with this policy is that it would have made impossible other examples of risk-taking design. These include the National Museum of the American Indian, designed by Canada’s Douglas Cardinal, undulating in sandstone on the National Mall. Or the stunning bronze iron lattice work of the nearby National Museum of African American History and Culture, inspired by the work of slaves.

Both are distinct, going far beyond neo-classicism. Both would not have happened if traditionalists had their way – but then again, nor would the J. Edgar Hoover Building, as repugnant in style as the legacy of Hoover himself. This is the danger of artistic freedom.

This draft order smacks of authoritarianism. As Blair Kamin, the award-winning architectural critic of the Chicago Tribune suggests, it is artistic autocracy.

It means that government dictates style, not just standards. At one level, it should mandate style (to prevent, for example, the kind of atrocity represented by the expansion of Ottawa’s Château Laurier.) But it can go too far, as Mussolini and Hitler did in fascist design in Rome and Berlin.

Presidents have always brought ideas of style: Thomas Jefferson designed Monticello; Jack and Jackie Kennedy remade the Rose Garden and re-created Air Force One, the presidential airplane.

In Donald Trump’s America, a new design standard suggests something else: the strongman extending his authority over cultural life. The tastemaker-in-chief who wants movies to be more like Gone with the Wind now turns his attention to architecture.

As he says, we’ll see how things turn out.

Andrew Cohen is a journalist, professor and author of Two Days in June: John F. Kennedy and the 48 Hours That Made History.

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Youri Chassin quits CAQ to sit as Independent, second member to leave this month

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Quebec legislature member Youri Chassin has announced he’s leaving the Coalition Avenir Québec government to sit as an Independent.

He announced the decision shortly after writing an open letter criticizing Premier François Legault’s government for abandoning its principles of smaller government.

In the letter published in Le Journal de Montréal and Le Journal de Québec, Chassin accused the party of falling back on what he called the old formula of throwing money at problems instead of looking to do things differently.

Chassin says public services are more fragile than ever, despite rising spending that pushed the province to a record $11-billion deficit projected in the last budget.

He is the second CAQ member to leave the party in a little more than one week, after economy and energy minister Pierre Fitzgibbon announced Sept. 4 he would leave because he lost motivation to do his job.

Chassin says he has no intention of joining another party and will instead sit as an Independent until the end of his term.

He has represented the Saint-Jérôme riding since the CAQ rose to power in 2018, but has not served in cabinet.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 12, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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‘I’m not going to listen to you’: Singh responds to Poilievre’s vote challenge

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MONTREAL – NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh says he will not be taking advice from Pierre Poilievre after the Conservative leader challenged him to bring down government.

“I say directly to Pierre Poilievre: I’m not going to listen to you,” said Singh on Wednesday, accusing Poilievre of wanting to take away dental-care coverage from Canadians, among other things.

“I’m not going to listen to your advice. You want to destroy people’s lives, I want to build up a brighter future.”

Earlier in the day, Poilievre challenged Singh to commit to voting non-confidence in the government, saying his party will force a vote in the House of Commons “at the earliest possibly opportunity.”

“I’m asking Jagmeet Singh and the NDP to commit unequivocally before Monday’s byelections: will they vote non-confidence to bring down the costly coalition and trigger a carbon tax election, or will Jagmeet Singh sell out Canadians again?” Poilievre said.

“It’s put up or shut up time for the NDP.”

While Singh rejected the idea he would ever listen to Poilievre, he did not say how the NDP would vote on a non-confidence motion.

“I’ve said on any vote, we’re going to look at the vote and we’ll make our decision. I’m not going to say our decision ahead of time,” he said.

Singh’s top adviser said on Tuesday the NDP leader is not particularly eager to trigger an election, even as the Conservatives challenge him to do just that.

Anne McGrath, Singh’s principal secretary, says there will be more volatility in Parliament and the odds of an early election have risen.

“I don’t think he is anxious to launch one, or chomping at the bit to have one, but it can happen,” she said in an interview.

New Democrat MPs are in a second day of meetings in Montreal as they nail down a plan for how to navigate the minority Parliament this fall.

The caucus retreat comes one week after Singh announced the party has left the supply-and-confidence agreement with the governing Liberals.

It’s also taking place in the very city where New Democrats are hoping to pick up a seat on Monday, when voters go to the polls in Montreal’s LaSalle—Émard—Verdun. A second byelection is being held that day in the Winnipeg riding of Elmwood—Transcona, where the NDP is hoping to hold onto a seat the Conservatives are also vying for.

While New Democrats are seeking to distance themselves from the Liberals, they don’t appear ready to trigger a general election.

Singh signalled on Tuesday that he will have more to say Wednesday about the party’s strategy for the upcoming sitting.

He is hoping to convince Canadians that his party can defeat the federal Conservatives, who have been riding high in the polls over the last year.

Singh has attacked Poilievre as someone who would bring back Harper-style cuts to programs that Canadians rely on, including the national dental-care program that was part of the supply-and-confidence agreement.

The Canadian Press has asked Poilievre’s office whether the Conservative leader intends to keep the program in place, if he forms government after the next election.

With the return of Parliament just days away, the NDP is also keeping in mind how other parties will look to capitalize on the new makeup of the House of Commons.

The Bloc Québécois has already indicated that it’s written up a list of demands for the Liberals in exchange for support on votes.

The next federal election must take place by October 2025 at the latest.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Social media comments blocked: Montreal mayor says she won’t accept vulgar slurs

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Montreal Mayor Valérie Plante is defending her decision to turn off comments on her social media accounts — with an announcement on social media.

She posted screenshots to X this morning of vulgar names she’s been called on the platform, and says comments on her posts for months have been dominated by insults, to the point that she decided to block them.

Montreal’s Opposition leader and the Canadian Civil Liberties Association have criticized Plante for limiting freedom of expression by restricting comments on her X and Instagram accounts.

They say elected officials who use social media should be willing to hear from constituents on those platforms.

However, Plante says some people may believe there is a fundamental right to call someone offensive names and to normalize violence online, but she disagrees.

Her statement on X is closed to comments.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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