Investors purchased a record amount of commercial property and bet big on real-estate stocks last year, viewing the sector as a hedge against inflation.
Now, with inflation running its hottest in four decades, some investors are starting to question the strength of real estate’s defenses against higher prices.
Commercial properties have long…
Investors purchased a record amount of commercial property and bet big on real-estate stocks last year, viewing the sector as a hedge against inflation.
Now, with inflation running its hottest in four decades, some investors are starting to question the strength of real estate’s defenses against higher prices.
Commercial properties have long been viewed as inflation protection because owners of many property types can raise rents to stay ahead of price increases. Rental apartments and self-storage units are particularly well-suited to a rising-price environment, since their rents typically reset annually.
Investors also believe commercial property can benefit from some of the same forces now driving inflation. Ballooning labor costs and supply-chain shortages are limiting new development, which bodes well for owners of properties already operating.
But some investors are beginning to shift money out of real estate as they focus less on its value as an inflation hedge and more on the potential damage to the property sector if persistent price increases drive up long-term interest rates. Rising rates lead to higher financing costs, making it more expensive for owners to refinance a building and eroding the value of property.
Shares of real-estate companies are underperforming the broader stock market this year, a sign that some investors may be souring on their value as an inflation hedge, said Vikram Malhotra, an analyst with
Mizuho
Americas.
“We are starting to get the question from investors: Is this [hedging strategy] overdone or does this have legs?” he said.
“‘We are starting to get the question from investors: Is this [hedging strategy] overdone or does this have legs?’”
Analysts say commercial real estate’s appeal as an inflation hedge was a factor in driving a record $809 billion in sales volume in the U.S. last year. Real-estate stocks gained more than 43% in 2021, outperforming the broader S&P 500 by about 15 percentage points
Office buildings didn’t fare as well as apartments and industrial space. While their poorer performance reflects how the growing popularity of remote work threatens office use, office properties also struggled because their longer leases could be problematic if inflation persists, analysts said.
Stock performance of lodging companies also trailed other major property types last year, even as the business shows signs of picking up. Hotels can stay ahead of inflation by raising room prices daily. But these properties are vulnerable to higher prices in other ways, such as the rising cost of labor and, for full-service hotels, paying more for food to serve in their restaurants.
Commercial property’s appeal as an inflation hedge could fade further if investors focus more on interest rates, which look poised to keep moving higher as the Federal Reserve winds down its bond-buying program and begins a new cycle of short-term rate increases.
“If rates rise just because of inflation, real estate is still viewed as a good bet,” said
Cedrik Lachance,
head of research for real estate analytics firm Green Street.
But inflation is just one force driving interest rates. Banks and bond investors may also push up rates if they think the risk of not being repaid is rising because of a poor economic outlook.
If rates go up because of forces other than inflation, “that is very uncomfortable for real-estate values,” Mr. Lachance said.
Rental apartments are particularly well-suited to a rising-price environment, since their rents typically reset annually.
Photo: Bing Guan/Bloomberg News
Real estate’s performance during times of inflation has been mixed. Mizuho looked at how real-estate investment trusts fared since the mid-1990s, focusing on periods similar to the current time when inflation was higher than the average of the previous five years and rising.
“In that environment, historically REITs do outperform,” said Mr. Malhotra.
But, partly due to the pandemic, a number of unique forces are at work now, such as the supply-chain shortages and high rate of people quitting their jobs. These factors raise the prospect that inflation might not be tamed as quickly as it was in the past 30 years and that long-term rates may rise.
Landlords may not be able to keep raising rents for years because there is eventually new supply or tenants simply can’t afford to pay more.
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“If inflation is persistently high, REITs may not act as an ongoing inflation hedge,” Mr. Malhotra said.
As interest rates rise, real-estate yields may offer less of a premium over fixed-income investments, leading some investors to opt for the relative safety of bonds. Analysts say that the 10-year Treasury rate would need to exceed 3% before that shift would happen, up more than 1 percentage point from today.
“Until then the yields of properties are relatively attractive,” said Darrell Wheeler, a senior analyst of commercial mortgage backed securities at Moody’s Analytics.
Many investors continue to buy real estate, betting that long-term rates won’t get that high and that they will be able to keep raising rents to stay ahead of inflation. Some rental apartment investors are buying property on the assumption that they will be able to keep raising rents over 5% annually.
Others aren’t so sure. “Some of the pros who have been around for a while are standing back from the market,” said Mr. Wheeler.
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Write to Peter Grant at peter.grant@wsj.com
