TORONTO —
As Health Canada reviews Pfizer-BioNTech’s application to approve its COVID-19 vaccine for kids aged five to 11, Canadian parents are divided on whether they would vaccinate their eligible children if they could.
CTVNews.ca asked parents whether they were planning on vaccinating their children in the event the vaccine is approved for use, and also invited readers to submit any questions they had about the COVID-19 vaccine for children aged five to 11.
Dr. Jesse Papenburg, a pediatric and infectious disease specialist and medical microbiologist at the Montreal Children’s Hospital and McGill University Health Centre, and Dr. Shazeen Suleman, a pediatrician at Unity Health and an assistant professor at the Temerty Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, answered some of the most frequently asked questions.
Here are their responses, which have been condensed for length:
CONCERN#1: POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS
Dr. Papenburg: What we know so far is really limited to what information Pfizer has highlighted in the press release: that it appears the vaccine is immunogenic – in other words it elicits the same amount of antibody response as the vaccinated recipients who are adolescents or adults. And it appears to be safe, or in fact, the side effect profile might be even better than for adolescents or adults.
The study includes a follow-up of over two months that was requested by the FDA. In vaccinology, what we know is that the vast majority of side effects occur within the first week. There are some somewhat delayed side effects that can occur, usually within six weeks, two months max.
These first results which the FDA and Health Canada are going to be basing their decision on include follow-up for two months. Really, that is certainly a standard, reasonable amount of time for any expected side effect that would be associated with a vaccine.
The FDA also asked for an additional follow-up of up to six months within this study, looking specifically at safety, which is ongoing.
The other thing about this vaccine (for children 5-11) is that it’s 1/3 of the adult or adolescent dose. It’s not uncommon to have a pediatric formulation of exactly the same active ingredient or active vaccine product that is in a smaller dose compared to the shot for adolescents and adults. The same thing is true in Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B, as well as in other vaccines.
The reason for that is we know that younger childrens’ immune systems can provide a more robust response to a stimulus, such as an antigen in a vaccine. Therefore we can “get away with a smaller dose” and yet have the same type of levels of protection as you need in higher doses for adults and adolescents.
This is potentially beneficial, because when you have a smaller dose then you’re also likely dealing with less side effects, especially the side effects that tend to occur within a few days after the shot is administered.
Dr. Suleman: I first want to validate that a parent always wants what’s best for their child and I know how scary COVID has been for families. I would encourage every single family that does have a concern to talk to their child’s healthcare provider. They will be able to help you make a decision that’s best for you. Every parent is coming from a place of love and concern, and we want to help families make decisions they’re comfortable with.
CONCERN #2: THE TRIAL WAS RUSHED
Dr. Suleman: It’s important to remember that anything that is going to be approved by Health Canada is going through the same process that any other medication or vaccine has gone through. They are not cutting any corners, with respect to reviewing the evidence.
For COVID, it was a larger global collaboration that allowed for work to be done quickly. We can see the power of collaboration, when we actually work across countries, we share data with one another, how quickly things can happen when we do that. In the past, that has not always happened.
Dr. Papenburg: The amount of scientific and public health scrutiny that the COVID-19 vaccines have been under is unprecedented.
From a scientific perspective (mRNA vaccines) are still a young and emerging tool, but in other ways not really, at all. I don’t think anybody in the lay public knew about them before COVID, but Moderna had already been working on mRNA vaccines for a decade before the pandemic. The mRNA technology is something that has been studied in humans for two decades.
CONCERN #3: THE RISK OF COVID FOR KIDS IS SMALLER THAN THE RISK OF THE VACCINE
Dr. Suleman: With newer variants of concern, physicians are seeing more cases of children with COVID. Some of those cases are asymptomatic and some of those cases are mild. But some of those cases are children who do get severely ill. Even if it’s only one or two cases, you don’t know if it will be your child.
There is also the multi-system inflammatory reaction to COVID called MIS-C, and some children have died from that. We also know vaccination against COVID reduces the spread in the community for people who are at risk for severe COVID (the elderly, people who are immuno-compromised and people who can’t get vaccinated).
Vaccination also helps stop the spread of other variants of concern from emerging, and we don’t know if there will be a variant of concern that does affect children. I would ask that families also consider this when thinking about their individual risk-benefit and their community risk-benefit.
CONCERN #4: SHOULDN’T CHILDREN BUILD A NATURAL IMMUNITY TO COVID?
Dr. Suleman: I remember a time when we used to think about chicken pox that way. Although most children who got chicken pox via natural immunity were fine, there were some children who died and there were some children who got severely ill. There were also other immuno-compromised individuals who got extremely ill when exposed to a child with chicken pox.
Now we have a vaccine (for chicken pox) and we can keep more people safe, and that doesn’t have to happen. Again, I would ask people to look at their communities, and think about how our health is all connected.
CONCERN #5: MY PARTNER AND I DISAGREE ON WHETHER TO VACCINATE OUR CHILD/CHILDREN
Dr. Suleman: I want to recognize that this is a difficult situation. I want to reiterate that both parents are coming from a place of concern. Recognizing that can help open up conversations to understand where each parent is coming from.
My guidance would be for families to think about their child’s healthcare provider as someone who can help answer questions and be involved in these discussions. I would encourage being open and receptive to hearing different perspectives, and remember that everyone is coming from a place of love. Parents care about their child, and if someone is concerned, that is love manifesting as concern, so how can we help understand and help unpack that?
PARENTS VIEWS DIVIDED ON VACCINATION FOR KIDS
When CTVNews.ca put the call out to parents, we received hundreds of emails and comments. Here is a roundup of the responses, highlighting some of the most common questions and concerns:
SEEKING PROTECTION, RESUMPTION OF REGULAR LIFE
The main reasons people said they plan to vaccinate their kids when possible include protecting their children against COVID-19 and hoping to resume regular life and activities.
“It has been unnerving sending my five year old to kindergarten this year relying on inadequate public health measures to keep him safe,” wrote Tamara Mendez in an email to CTVNews.ca.
Lauren Crane, in southern Ontario, shared similar views in an email. “I have been trying so hard to (keep) both of my asthmatic kids safe from COVID and I feel that after they are vaccinated I will finally be able to breathe a sigh of relief,” the email said.
“For our family, this feels like the final step to feeling ‘safe’ again around people. We also have high-risk friends and family and want to do everything to protect everyone around us.”
Nandini Raj, from Calgary, said she hopes that the vaccine might help her 10-year-old daughter, who she said contracted the Delta variant of COVID-19 at summer camp. Nandini said her daughter still has “fluctuating chest pains,” despite recovering from her other COVID symptoms.
“She has always been active, cheerful and with high spirits,” she wrote in an email. “Her life took a detour in which we cannot predict which direction she goes each day. I am very hopeful that the vaccine will help her.”
Other respondents said they had faith in the scientific review process and noted that they have vaccinated their kids against other illnesses including measles, mumps, rubella and polio.
“My child is afraid of vaccines and my wife and I approach this subject through compassion and understanding,” scientist Bruce Doran wrote in an email from Sudbury, Ont.
“We remind her that the vaccine will protect her from COVID-19, will protect her grandfather, her family her friends and she will be able to do her after-school activities.”
FEAR OF SIDE EFFECTS, QUESTIONS ABOUT COVID-19 RISK IN KIDS
Some of the primary reasons people said they aren’t planning on vaccinating their children include a fear of side effects, and a belief that the risk of COVID-19 in children is smaller than the risk of giving them the vaccine.
“While both my husband and I chose to be vaccinated, when it comes to our children, we have concerns and we need more information,” Pam Andreasen, from Calgary, wrote in an email. “With the extremely low risk that COVID-19 continues to pose to children, we do not feel that vaccinating our children is necessary.”
Liz Levac, from Puslinch, Ont., said she is “extremely” concerned about the possible side effects of vaccinating her kids, in particular her 15-year-old son who has a heart condition.
“We don’t know the long-term effects and new information keeps coming out,” she wrote. “I will not be getting this vaccine for my children and I think it’s completely wrong mandating it for children. They are not flooding our hospitals and have young healthy bodies to fight this virus. Leave our kids alone!”
Jennifer Small, from Toronto, had similar feelings. “Hard no to vaccinate 5-11 year olds,” she wrote. “The risk is minimal for kids in relation to COVID. Why would I inject them with a vaccine that we still don’t know the long-term effects of?”
Shawna Chicilo wrote: “What is wrong with Canada? In children who do not fall ill from COVID anyways, the risk to benefit equation of the vaccine does not add up to me as their mom. “The entire concept of natural immunity is being ignored.”
Many readers pointed to the recent change in Ontario vaccination guidelines for people between the ages of 18-24. Now, Ontario is prioritizing the Pfizer vaccine for this age group, due to an observed increase of the rare heart condition myocarditis associated with the Moderna shot.
Many said they did not feel comfortable with the 2,268-participant sample size of the Pfizer vaccine trial for children 5-11, or the speed at which the trial was conducted. Many also said they felt there isn’t enough data on the long-term effects of the vaccine.
“I do not plan on vaccinating my children,” wrote Amy Steuernol in an email. “To be honest, I simply don’t trust the government or the pharma companies at this point.”
Derek Woodford, from Sudbury, Ont., wrote in an email: “There is no way I would even consider vaccinating my child with the COVID-19 vaccine. We have no information on long-term effects of the vaccine and will not for at least a decade.”
(NOTE: At the time of writing, Health Canada was reviewing the application from Pfizer-BioNTech for its vaccine for children aged five to 11 and a decision had not yet been made.)
MONTREAL – Politics, public opinion and salary hikes south of the border helped push Air Canada toward a deal that secures major pay gains for pilots, experts say.
Hammered out over the weekend, the would-be agreement includes a cumulative wage hike of nearly 42 per cent over four years — an enormous bump by historical standards — according to one source who was not authorized to speak publicly on the matter. The previous 10-year contract granted increases of just two per cent annually.
The federal government’s stated unwillingness to step in paved the way for a deal, noted John Gradek, after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made it plain the two sides should hash one out themselves.
“Public opinion basically pressed the federal cabinet, including the prime minister, to keep their hands clear of negotiations and looking at imposing a settlement,” said Gradek, who teaches aviation management at McGill University.
After late-night talks at a hotel near Toronto’s Pearson airport, the country’s biggest airline and the union representing 5,200-plus aviators announced early Sunday morning they had reached a tentative agreement, averting a strike that would have grounded flights and affected some 110,000 passengers daily.
The relative precariousness of the Liberal minority government as well as a push to appear more pro-labour underlay the prime minister’s hands-off approach to the negotiations.
Trudeau said Friday the government would not step in to fix the impasse — unlike during a massive railway work stoppage last month and a strike by WestJet mechanics over the Canada Day long weekend that workers claimed road roughshod over their constitutional right to collective bargaining. Trudeau said the government respects the right to strike and would only intervene if it became apparent no negotiated deal was possible.
“They felt that they really didn’t want to try for a third attempt at intervention and basically said, ‘Let’s let the airline decide how they want to deal with this one,'” said Gradek.
“Air Canada ran out of support as the week wore on, and by the time they got to Friday night, Saturday morning, there was nothing left for them to do but to basically try to get a deal set up and accepted by ALPA (Air Line Pilots Association).”
Trudeau’s government was also unlikely to consider back-to-work legislation after the NDP tore up its agreement to support the Liberal minority in Parliament, Gradek said. Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, whose party has traditionally toed a more pro-business line, also said last week that Tories “stand with the pilots” and swore off “pre-empting” the negotiations.
Air Canada CEO Michael Rousseau had asked Ottawa on Thursday to impose binding arbitration pre-emptively — “before any travel disruption starts” — if talks failed. Backed by business leaders, he’d hoped for an effective repeat of the Conservatives’ move to head off a strike in 2012 by legislating Air Canada pilots and ground crew to stick to their posts before any work stoppage could start.
The request may have fallen flat, however. Gradek said he believes there was less anxiety over the fallout from an airline strike than from the countrywide railway shutdown.
He also speculated that public frustration over thousands of cancelled flights would have flowed toward Air Canada rather than Ottawa, prompting the carrier to concede to a deal yielding “unheard of” gains for employees.
“It really was a total collapse of the Air Canada bargaining position,” he said.
Pilots are slated to vote in the coming weeks on the four-year contract.
Last year, pilots at Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and American Airlines secured agreements that included four-year pay boosts ranging from 34 per cent to 40 per cent, ramping up pressure on other carriers to raise wages.
After more than a year of bargaining, Air Canada put forward an offer in August centred around a 30 per cent wage hike over four years.
But the final deal, should union members approve it, grants a 26 per cent increase in the first year alone, retroactive to September 2023, according to the source. Three wage bumps of four per cent would follow in 2024 through 2026.
Passengers may wind up shouldering some of that financial load, one expert noted.
“At the end of the day, it’s all us consumers who are paying,” said Barry Prentice, who heads the University of Manitoba’s transport institute.
Higher fares may be mitigated by the persistence of budget carrier Flair Airlines and the rapid expansion of Porter Airlines — a growing Air Canada rival — as well as waning demand for leisure trips. Corporate travel also remains below pre-COVID-19 levels.
Air Canada said Sunday the tentative contract “recognizes the contributions and professionalism of Air Canada’s pilot group, while providing a framework for the future growth of the airline.”
The union issued a statement saying that, if ratified, the agreement will generate about $1.9 billion of additional value for Air Canada pilots over the course of the deal.
Meanwhile, labour tension with cabin crew looms on the horizon. Air Canada is poised to kick off negotiations with the union representing more than 10,000 flight attendants this year before the contract expires on March 31.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.
HALIFAX – Ottawa is negotiating a $500-million bailout for Nova Scotia’s privately owned electric utility, saying the money will be used to prevent a big spike in electricity rates.
Federal Natural Resources Minister Jonathan Wilkinson made the announcement today in Halifax, saying Nova Scotia Power Inc. needs the money to cover higher costs resulting from the delayed delivery of electricity from the Muskrat Falls hydroelectric plant in Labrador.
Wilkinson says that without the money, the subsidiary of Emera Inc. would have had to increase rates by 19 per cent over “the short term.”
Nova Scotia Power CEO Peter Gregg says the deal, once approved by the province’s energy regulator, will keep rate increases limited “to be around the rate of inflation,” as costs are spread over a number of years.
The utility helped pay for construction of an underwater transmission link between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, but the Muskrat Falls project has not been consistent in delivering electricity over the past five years.
Those delays forced Nova Scotia Power to spend more on generating its own electricity.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.
TORONTO – Roots Corp. may have built its brand on all things comfy and cosy, but its CEO says activewear is now “really becoming a core part” of the brand.
The category, which at Roots spans leggings, tracksuits, sports bras and bike shorts, has seen such sustained double-digit growth that Meghan Roach plans to make it a key part of the business’ future.
“It’s an area … you will see us continue to expand upon,” she told analysts on a Friday call.
The Toronto-based retailer’s push into activewear has taken shape over many years and included several turns as the official designer and supplier of Team Canada’s Olympic uniform.
But consumers have had plenty of choice when it comes to workout gear and other apparel suited to their sporting needs. On top of the slew of athletic brands like Nike and Adidas, shoppers have also gravitated toward Lululemon Athletica Inc., Alo and Vuori, ramping up competition in the activewear category.
Roach feels Roots’ toehold in the category stems from the fit, feel and following its merchandise has cultivated.
“Our product really resonates with (shoppers) because you can wear it through multiple different use cases and occasions,” she said.
“We’ve been seeing customers come back again and again for some of these core products in our activewear collection.”
Her remarks came the same day as Roots revealed it lost $5.2 million in its latest quarter compared with a loss of $5.3 million in the same quarter last year.
The company said the second-quarter loss amounted to 13 cents per diluted share for the quarter ended Aug. 3, the same as a year earlier.
In presenting the results, Roach reminded analysts that the first half of the year is usually “seasonally small,” representing just 30 per cent of the company’s annual sales.
Sales for the second quarter totalled $47.7 million, down from $49.4 million in the same quarter last year.
The move lower came as direct-to-consumer sales amounted to $36.4 million, down from $37.1 million a year earlier, as comparable sales edged down 0.2 per cent.
The numbers reflect the fact that Roots continued to grapple with inventory challenges in the company’s Cooper fleece line that first cropped up in its previous quarter.
Roots recently began to use artificial intelligence to assist with daily inventory replenishments and said more tools helping with allocation will go live in the next quarter.
Beyond that time period, the company intends to keep exploring AI and renovate more of its stores.
It will also re-evaluate its design ranks.
Roots announced Friday that chief product officer Karuna Scheinfeld has stepped down.
Rather than fill the role, the company plans to hire senior level design talent with international experience in the outdoor and activewear sectors who will take on tasks previously done by the chief product officer.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.
