This column is an opinion by Sanaa Ali-Mohammed and Shazlin Rahman. Ali-Mohammed is a human rights advocate, organizer and board member at the Urban Alliance on Race Relations, and volunteer with the Muslim Youth Fellowship. Rahman is a nonprofit communications specialist, writer and artist whose work focuses on expanding the representation of women of colour. For more information about CBC’s Opinion section, please see the FAQ.
It takes more to defeat hate and its itinerant ideologies than remembering their most violent manifestations, like the Quebec City mosque shooting of Jan. 29, 2017.
In the immediate aftermath of the tragedy, we saw an outpouring of support from across Canada. We saw vigils organized from Toronto to Iqaluit. Political leaders across party lines and levels of government issued statements condemning the attack. Human chains formed around mosques to embody solidarity with Muslim neighbours.
While it is crucial to mark the date and honour the lives lost, the way many Canadians did again this week, as two Muslim women and visible minorities who have been working to improve inclusivity in this country, we know there is more to defeating hate.
And it feels like Canada has been dragging its feet in addressing the root causes of Islamophobia.
Six men had to lose their lives in Quebec City before we could begin to even acknowledge that perhaps Islamophobia poses a threat to our social fabric.
When MP Iqra Khalid introduced motion M-103 in 2017 calling on the federal government to condemn and study Islamophobia, systemic racism and religious discrimination, she was met with near-hysterical backlash from the far-right.
And instead of providing solutions, the resulting lacklustre report by the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage appeared to debate whether the term Islamophobia should be used to describe experiences of anti-Muslim discrimination at all.
Meanwhile, we continue to see examples of systemic Islamophobia in Public Safety Canada’s “No Fly List,” which racially profiles individuals who are identifiably Muslim or have Muslim-sounding names.
We see allegations of systemic Islamophobia and anti-Black racism, two forms of discrimination that are often connected, coming to light in one incident after another at different school boards.
And perhaps the most painful dismissal of the mosque attack was the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) government’s passing of Bill 21 in 2019. Although the bill’s stated goal was to eradicate religious symbols in the public sector, it is widely acknowledged that Muslim women who wear a hijab are among those who will be most affected.
As historian and racism expert Ibram X Kendi argues in his book How to Be an Antiracist, it is our institutions that are responsible for creating and reinforcing biases and assumptions held by individual members of society about racialized groups. These biases fuel individuals’ discriminatory behaviours against members of the group in their daily interactions.
This type of discrimination often takes a toll on the well-being of targeted individuals, but does not typically involve explicit derogatory references to racial or religious identity.
This everyday Islamophobia can be seen in the dismissal of the ideas, opinions, and professionalism of Muslim individuals.
Canadians may recall, for example, that when Ginella Massa made headlines as the first hijab-wearing news anchor on Canadian TV, the visible display of her faith triggered a small but loud group of detractors to question her ability to be objective.
After two crazy days off, I’m back to work today. Hoping we can start to focus on the stories I tell, instead of what I’m wearing ?
What this shows, and what we’ve learned through countless conversations with Muslims across Canada, is that Islamophobia operates on a spectrum.
Like it or not, the small subconscious biases towards a Muslim woman in hijab exist on the same spectrum as ideas that lead to Muslims being gunned down mercilessly in their houses of worship.
As a society that sees each human being as inherently valuable and worthy of respect, our response to tragic events like the mosque attack in Quebec City cannot be limited to words and one-time measures.
Instead, we need to examine how ideologies like white supremacy and Islamophobia take root within our society.
Nevertheless, there are reasons to be hopeful.
Understanding, trust, and collaboration between various justice-seeking groups and Muslim communities continue to grow.
The province of Ontario and multiple municipalities across the country have either adopted a Day of Remembrance and Action on Islamophobia, or declared their intention to adopt one. We trust this will set the stage for important personal and public policy conversations about Islamophobia in this country.
Our ask is simple: If Canadians are truly committed to recognizing and addressing Islamophobia, we will need to do the difficult work of examining and challenging deeply held and often subconscious biases in our society against Muslims. This requires reforming the way our institutions function, to ensure Muslim voices are given the same import as others. It will also require checking our assumptions about Muslims on a personal level.
The next time you see a woman in a hijab, for example, take a moment to reflect on what your assumptions are about her and why.
Demands for government intervention in Air Canada labour talks could negatively affect airline competition in Canada, the CEO of travel company Transat AT Inc. said.
“The extension of such an extraordinary intervention to Air Canada would be an undeniable competitive advantage to the detriment of other Canadian airlines,” Annick Guérard told analysts on an earnings conference call on Thursday.
“The time and urgency is now. It is time to restore healthy competition in Canada,” she added.
Air Canada has asked the federal government to be ready to intervene and request arbitration as early as this weekend to avoid disruptions.
Comments on the potential Air Canada pilot strike or lock out came as Transat reported third-quarter financial results.
Guérard recalled Transat’s labour negotiations with its flight attendants earlier this year, which the company said it handled without asking for government intervention.
The airline’s 2,100 flight attendants voted 99 per cent in favour of a strike mandate and twice rejected tentative deals before approving a new collective agreement in late February.
As the collective agreement for Air Transat pilots ends in June next year, Guérard anticipates similar pressure to increase overall wages as seen in Air Canada’s negotiations, but reckons it will come out “as a win, win, win deal.”
“The pilots are preparing on their side, we are preparing on our side and we’re confident that we’re going to come up with a reasonable deal,” she told analysts when asked about the upcoming negotiations.
The parent company of Air Transat reported it lost $39.9 million or $1.03 per diluted share in its quarter ended July 31. The result compared with a profit of $57.3 million or $1.49 per diluted share a year earlier.
Revenue totalled $736.2 million, down from $746.3 million in the same quarter last year.
On an adjusted basis, Transat says it lost $1.10 per share in its latest quarter compared with an adjusted profit of $1.10 per share a year earlier.
It attributed reduced revenues to lower airline unit revenues, competition, industry-wide overcapacity and economic uncertainty.
Air Transat is also among the airlines facing challenges related to the recall of Pratt & Whitney turbofan jet engines for inspection and repair.
The recall has so far grounded six aircraft, Guérard said on the call.
“We have agreed to financial compensation for grounded aircraft during the 2023-2024 period,” she said. “Alongside this financial compensation, Pratt & Whitney will provide us with two additional spare engines, which we intend to monetize through a sell and lease back transaction.”
Looking ahead, the CEO said she expects consumer demand to remain somewhat uncertain amid high interest rates.
“We are currently seeing ongoing pricing pressure extending into the winter season,” she added. Air Transat is not planning on adding additional aircraft next year but anticipates stability.
“(2025) for us will be much more stable than 2024 in terms of fleet movements and operation, and this will definitely have a positive effect on cost and customer satisfaction as well,” the CEO told analysts.
“We are more and more moving away from all the disruption that we had to go through early in 2024,” she added.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 12, 2024.