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Discovery of pliosaur skull in UK reveals massive Jurassic predator

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While dinosaurs ruled the land, the seas were long ago the territory of a mysterious aquatic monster more closely related to snakes and lizards.

The prehistoric predator known as a pliosaur dominated the seas millions of years ago, using its massive size and its row of razor-sharp teeth to tear into the flesh of it its prey.

Now, a team of fossil hunters say they recently unearthed the skull of one of these fearsome creatures that once terrorized the seas off the coast of Britain. The find was made in southwest England along part of the Jurassic coastline, a long stretch of the English Channel whose treacherous cliffs contain the fossilized remains of many ancient beasts, according to BBC.

The perilous mission to recover the pliosaur skull, which saw a team of climbers descend a cliff to excavate the fossil nearly 50 feet above the beach, will be documented in an upcoming BBC film hosted by David Attenborough.

What are pliosaurs?

Fossils indicate that pliosaurs were active about 200 million to 65.5 million years ago during the the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, according to Britannica.

Cousin to the long-necked plesiosaur, the carnivorous marine creatures were not dinosaurs, but reptiles with massive heads, powerful jaws and serrated teeth. Their tear-shaped bodies, which could grow up to 39 feet long, made them agile and quick as they tore through the water using their four flipper-like limbs.

Fossilized skull found in cliffs of Dorset along Jurassic coast

The recent discovery of one of these creature’s skulls came quite by happenstance as fossil enthusiast Phil Jacobs walked along a beach near Kimmeridge Bay in the English county of Dorset.

Jacobs, a textile designer who has spent decades hunting for marine reptile fossils on the Jurassic coast, spotted the tip of the snout among the beach shingle and realized its significance. He contacted local collector Steve Etches, who assembled a team and hatched a plan to extract the rest of skull from the crumbling cliffs, according to BBC.

In the upcoming documentary, Attenborough will tell the story of how the team of paleontologists spent weeks dangling from ropes as they drilled and hammered into rock to recover the fossil. Etches told BBC that he believes the find to be one of the most complete Jurassic pliosaur skull ever found.

“It’s one of the best fossils I’ve ever worked on,” Etches told BBC News. “Worldwide, there’s hardly any specimens ever found to that level of detail. And if they are, a lot of the bits are missing, whereas this, although it’s slightly distorted, it’s got every bone present.”

‘The ultimate killing machine’

Scientists have identified the find as a potentially completely new species of pliosaur that lived 150 million years ago.

The giant fossil was measured to be about seven feet long with a row of 130 long, sharp teeth that allowed it to kill its prey in a single bite, the BBC reported. Each tooth has fine ridges at the back to pierce its prey’s flesh and then quickly extract its fangs, ready for another swift second attack.

Deemed by the BBC as the “ultimate killing machine,” the predator hardly discriminated in what it hunted – feasting on the dolphin-like ichthyosaur, other reptiles like the plesiosaur, and even other pliosaurs.

“The animal would have been so massive that I think it would have been able to prey effectively on anything that was unfortunate enough to be in its space,” Andre Rowe, a paleontologist at Bristol University, told BBC. “I have no doubt that this was sort of like an underwater T. Rex.”

BBC’s upcoming documentary will feature visual effects bringing the creature to life as Attenborough narrates its history and strategies that scientists believe it used to hunt.

The skull will go on display next year at Etches’ museum in Kimmeridge, but he and other experts believe the rest of the fossil could still be still in the cliff.

And Etches is determined to find it.

“I stake my life the rest of the animal is there,” Etches told BBC News. “This part of the cliff line is going back by feet a year, and it won’t be very long before the rest of the pliosaur drops out and gets lost; it’s a once in a lifetime opportunity.”

“Attenborough and the Giant Sea Monster” will air Jan. 1 on BBC One and BBC iPlayer in the United Kingdom, and at 8/7c on Feb. 14 on PBS in the United States.

 

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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