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Does COVID-19 infection raise the risk of diabetes? – – pharmaphorum

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Researchers in Germany are have found a possible link between mild COVID-19 infection and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, although they caution the signal needs further investigation.

The team from Heinrich Heine University in Dusseldorf and healthcare data science company IQVIA identified the possible correlation after analysing health records from 8.8 million patients registered at 1,171 health practices across Germany, including almost 36,000 who had been diagnosed with mild COVID-19.

New cases of type 2 diabetes were more common in patients who tested positive for COVID-19 than those with another type of upper respiratory tract infection, at 15.8 cases per 1,000 people per year versus 12.3 for the control group, a 28% increase.

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If the link is confirmed, it could be valuable to screen people who have had mild COVID-19 for diabetes after recovery according to the scientists, who have published their findings in the journal Diabetologia.

Prior studies have pointed to the possibility that inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 may damage insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, causing them to die or affecting their function.

It’s also possible that infection could make other tissues in the body resistant to the effects of insulin – a characteristic seen in people at risk of diabetes – that could have been exacerbated by sedentary lifestyles during pandemic lockdowns and higher stress levels.

The big questions to be answered are whether the link is real and, if confirmed so, whether the changes are permanent or reversible. One key limitation of the study was that it did not include information on patient’s body mass index (BMI), which at higher levels raises the risk of diabetes.

It also didn’t include data from people diagnosed with COVID-19 outside of general practice, for example in hospital or through test centres.

The link between COVID-19 and diabetes is also being explored in other studies, including the CoviDiab registry project looking at the rates of type 1 and type 2 diabetes after COVID-19 infection as well as other studies connected to so-called ‘long COVID’.

Naveed Sattar, professor of metabolic medicine at the University of Glasgow, said the finding was interesting, but the top-line message “is perhaps too premature as the study is still quite small and the findings remain marginal.”

He acknowledged that the authors themselves note their work is preliminary, and that larger datasets are needed.

“Any unaccounted for factor could have led to the results rather than there being a true link between COVID-19 and diabetes risk,” said Prof Sattar.

“For example, we know that people who developed more severe COVID-19 disease were heavier than those who would normally be admitted with pneumonia and whilst the authors appear to have adjusted for obesity rather than continuously measured BMI, there may be things still unaccounted for that could have impacted the results.”

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Interior Health delivers nearly 800K immunization doses in 2023

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Interior Health says it delivered nearly 800,000 immunization doses last year — a number almost equal to the region’s population.

The released figure of 784,980 comes during National Immunization Awareness Week, which runs April 22-30.

The health care organization, which serves a large area of around 820,000,  says it’s using the occasion to boost vaccine rates even though there may be post-pandemic vaccine fatigue.

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“This is a very important initiative because it ensures that communicable diseases stay away from a region,” said Dr. Silvina Mema of Interior Health.

However, not all those doses were for COVID; the tally includes childhood immunizations plus immunizations for adults.

But IHA said immunizations are down from the height of the pandemic, when COVID vaccines were rolled out, though it seems to be on par with previous pre-pandemic years.

Interior Health says it’d like to see the overall immunization rate rise.

“Certainly there are some folks who have decided a vaccine is not for them. And they have their reasons,” said Jonathan Spence, manager of communicable disease prevention and control at Interior Health.

“I think there’s a lot of people who are hesitant, but that’s just simply because they have questions.

“And that’s actually part of what we’re celebrating this week is those public health nurses, those pharmacists, who can answer questions and answer questions with really good information around immunization.”

Mima echoed that sentiment.

“We take immunization very seriously. It’s a science-based program that has saved countless lives across the world and eliminated diseases that were before a threat and now we don’t see them anymore,” she said.

“So immunization is very important.”

 

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Remnants of bird flu virus found in pasteurized milk, FDA says

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Tuesday that samples of pasteurized milk had tested positive for remnants of the bird flu virus that has infected dairy cows.

The agency stressed that the material is inactivated and that the findings “do not represent actual virus that may be a risk to consumers.” Officials added that they’re continuing to study the issue.

“To date, we have seen nothing that would change our assessment that the commercial milk supply is safe,” the FDA said in a statement.

The announcement comes nearly a month after an avian influenza virus that has sickened millions of wild and commercial birds in recent years was detected in dairy cows in at least eight states. The Agriculture Department says 33 herds have been affected to date.

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FDA officials didn’t indicate how many samples they tested or where they were obtained. The agency has been evaluating milk during processing and from grocery stores, officials said. Results of additional tests are expected in “the next few days to weeks.”

The PCR lab test the FDA used would have detected viral genetic material even after live virus was killed by pasteurization, or heat treatment, said Lee-Ann Jaykus, an emeritus food microbiologist and virologist at North Carolina State University

“There is no evidence to date that this is infectious virus and the FDA is following up on that,” Jaykus said.

Officials with the FDA and the USDA had previously said milk from affected cattle did not enter the commercial supply. Milk from sick animals is supposed to be diverted and destroyed. Federal regulations require milk that enters interstate commerce to be pasteurized.

Because the detection of the bird flu virus known as Type A H5N1 in dairy cattle is new and the situation is evolving, no studies on the effects of pasteurization on the virus have been completed, FDA officials said. But past research shows that pasteurization is “very likely” to inactivate heat-sensitive viruses like H5N1, the agency added.

Matt Herrick, a spokesman for the International Dairy Foods Association, said that time and temperature regulations for pasteurization ensure that the commercial U.S. milk supply is safe. Remnants of the virus “have zero impact on human health,” he wrote in an email.

Scientists confirmed the H5N1 virus in dairy cows in March after weeks of reports that cows in Texas were suffering from a mysterious malady. The cows were lethargic and saw a dramatic reduction in milk production. Although the H5N1 virus is lethal to commercial poultry, most infected cattle seem to recover within two weeks, experts said.

To date, two people in U.S. have been infected with bird flu. A Texas dairy worker who was in close contact with an infected cow recently developed a mild eye infection and has recovered. In 2022, a prison inmate in a work program caught it while killing infected birds at a Colorado poultry farm. His only symptom was fatigue, and he recovered.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

 

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Canada Falling Short in Adult Vaccination Rates – VOCM

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Canada is about where it should be when it comes to childhood vaccines, but for adult vaccinations it’s a different story.

Dr. Vivien Brown of Immunize Canada says the overall population should have rates of between 80 and 90 per cent for most vaccines, but that is not the case.

She says most children are in that range but not for adult vaccines and ultimately the most at-risk populations are not being reached.

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She says the population is under immunized for conditions such as pneumonia, shingles, tetanus, and pertussis.

Brown wants people to talk with their family physician or pharmacist to see if they are up-to-date on vaccines, and to get caught up because many are “killer diseases.”

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