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First extraterrestrial PROTEIN discovered inside a meteorite found 30 years ago in Algeria – Daily Mail

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First extraterrestrial PROTEIN discovered inside a meteorite found 30 years ago in Algeria suggests the building blocks of life could already exist elsewhere in space

  • The meteorite — named Acfer 086 — was collected from Algeria back in 1990
  • Experts found it contains a protein called hemolithin made of iron and lithium
  • The ends of the protein are though to be able to break water into its components
  • The hemolithin may have formed in the proto-solar disk 4.6 billion years ago
  • Meteorites containing proteins could seed planets for the development of life

The first known extraterrestrial protein has been found inside a meteorite — named Acfer 086 — that fell to Earth in Algeria 30 years ago, a study has found.

The protein — hemolithin — contains iron and lithium, suggesting that the building blocks of life could already exist out in space.

Meteorites containing hemolithin could therefore play a role in seeding life on habitable planets like the Earth by delivering proteins to their surfaces.

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The first known extraterrestrial protein has been found inside a meteorite — named Acfer 086 — that fell to Earth in Algeria 30 years ago, a study has found. Pictured, an artist’s impression of meteorites entering the Earth’s atmosphere

ACFER 086 STATS  

Acfer 086 is a meteorite that landed in one piece in Algeria. 

It was found in 1990 and weighed 6.1 ounces (173 grams).

The space rock sample was previously found to contain amino acid polymers.

Now, researchers have discovered that Acfer 086 also contains the first known extraterrestrial protein, hemolithin. 

Hemolithin is a relatively small protein, composed mainly of the amino acid glycine with caps of iron, lithium and oxygen at its ends.

While all of these elements are familiar to scientists, this is the first time that such a configuration has been seen on the Earth.

Although the molecule’s presence isn’t necessarily indicative of life, it could have played a role in starting creating such — with the iron oxide tips at the ends of the hemolithin molecules known to use light to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

‘It is a good candidate molecule to split water,’ paper author Julie McGeoch of the PLEX Corporation, a superconductor X-ray source supplier, told New Atlas.

This, she added, means it could ‘represent a first energy source to chemistry, going on to biochemistry on the surface of planets like Earth in terms of their mass and distance from their sun.’

‘This could apply to planets throughout the Universe.’

Although hemolithin is structurally similar to the proteins with which we are familiar, the protein’s ratio of hydrogen to isotope deuterium did not match anything found on Earth.

However, the ratio did bear a similarity to the composition of comets from the Oort cloud, the sphere of icy planetesimals that surrounds the solar system.

According to the researchers,, this suggests that the hemolithin in Acfer 086 may have formed in the proto-solar disk, some 4.6 billion years ago.

Acfer 086, pictured, is a meteorite that landed in one piece in Algeria. It was found in 1990 and weighed 6.1 ounces (173 grams). Researchers have discovered that Acfer 086 contains the first known extraterrestrial protein, hemolithin

Hemolithin is a relatively small protein, composed mainly of the amino acid glycine with caps of iron, lithium and oxygen at its ends. Pictured, representations of of the hemolithin molecule, seen in space-filling mode (top) and ball and stick (middle and, in close-up, bottom.) White spheres are helium, grey is carbon, blue is nitrogen, red is oxygen, green is iron and orange is lithium. The close-up shows the iron oxide ends that could split water into its component parts

It is not entirely clear how a complex protein like hemolithin might have formed in the Acfer 086 meteorite, although finding simple amino acids and their precursors — like sugars and organic materials — in space is not unprecedented.

Individual molecules of glycine, however, have been predicted to form on the surface of dust grains — which could potentially have linked up to eventually form proteins if exposed to the right conditions in warm molecular clouds.

A pre-print of the researchers’ article, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, can be read on the arXiv repository.

Acfer 086 is a meteorite that landed in one piece in Algeria. It was found in 1990 and weighed 6.1 ounces (173 grams). Researchers have discovered that Acfer 086 also contains the first known extraterrestrial protein, hemolithin

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPACE ROCKS?

An asteroid is a large chunk of rock left over from collisions or the early solar system. Most are located between Mars and Jupiter in the Main Belt.

A comet is a rock covered in ice, methane and other compounds. Their orbits take them much further out of the solar system.

A meteor is what astronomers call a flash of light in the atmosphere when debris burns up.

This debris itself is known as a meteoroid. Most are so small they are vapourised in the atmosphere.

If any of this meteoroid makes it to Earth, it is called a meteorite.

Meteors, meteoroids and meteorites normally originate from asteroids and comets.

For example, if Earth passes through the tail of a comet, much of the debris burns up in the atmosphere, forming a meteor shower.

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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