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Forecasting Canada’s economic future is now about risk management, not one-way bets – Financial Post

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In December, I used Montreal-based New Look Vision Group Inc. as an example of the sort of confidence that could explain the unexpected surge in business investment during the third quarter.

But I didn’t mention why chief executive Antoine Amiel was feeling so good.

Unlike, say, the automobile industry, the future burns bright for optometry. Almost everyone acquires presbyopia (farsightedness) by middle age and the population is quickly aging. There’s also a “worldwide crisis of myopia,” Amiel said, because youngsters are spending more time indoors, reducing their exposure to natural light. “Those are fundamentally positive trends for the industry.”

Canada really is the shining star in the demographic game

Antoine Amiel

New Look in November reported its 21st consecutive quarter of comparable store sales growth and its stock price has increased about 40 per cent in five years, more than double the gain achieved by the S&P/TSX Composite Index during the same period.

Things are so bright that New Look, already Canada’s biggest eyewear retailer, is on the hunt of international acquisitions, and in December it purchased a small Florida chain. But the company’s home market will remain its main profit engine because Canada’s population is both aging and growing thanks to surging immigration rates. No other major advanced economy can boast such a combination.

“Canada really is the shining star in the demographic game,” Amiel said.

But befitting a population afflicted with myopia, many of the 2020 outlooks you have read suffer from varying degrees of shortsightedness: They tend to focus on whether the economy will grow moderately faster or somewhat slower. They wonder if stock prices will claw their way to new records, or ease off the peaks achieved in 2019. They debate whether the Bank of Canada will raise interest rates a quarter of a percentage point or not at all.

A better way to think about the year ahead is to contemplate the extent to which a handful of meta-forces will disrupt our best efforts to predict the next 12 months to the tenth decimal point. Many of these calculations are based on how economies have behaved in decades past, and we know that a handful of new phenomena, such as a planet seized by climate change, will have structural implications not seen before. Forecasting the years ahead calls for risk management, not one-way bets.

Demographics is one of those meta-forces, and possibly the most important one for economic growth.

Last year should have been a bad one based on our general understanding of what makes the Canadian economy tick. The Alberta energy industry was in crisis and trade wars choked global demand for exports. The Bank of Nova Scotia’s forecasting team began 2019 thinking that the Bank of Canada would raise interest rates. It flipped midyear, persuaded that the U.S.-China tariff fight would force the central bank to lower borrowing costs. Global economic growth had slowed to its weakest since the Great Recession. What chance did a small, open economy such as ours have in circumstances such as those?

And yet we muddled through, mostly because Canada recruited a small army of economic actors.

The loudest sound of the 2020s may be the ticking of the demographic time bomb

RBC economists

The population grew by almost 210,000 people in the third quarter, the biggest quarterly increase since 1971, according to Bloomberg. Most of the gain was the result of immigration, and the majority of those newcomers found jobs. The jobless rate hovered around the lowest on record since the mid-1970s. About 83 per cent of Canadians aged 25 to 54 are working, the highest percentage on record, according to Statistics Canada.

There’s little reason to expect those trends will reverse. Unlike the United States and Europe, Canadian immigration policy is tilted to receiving more newcomers, not fewer. And there’s lots of work: StatCan’s quarterly surveys of hiring intentions consistently put the number of unfilled positions at far more than 500,000. The shortage of workers partly explains why wages have started to rise after years of stagnation.

Unfortunately, demographics aren’t as unambiguously positive for the broader economy as they are for New Look. “The loudest sound of the 2020s may be the ticking of the demographic time bomb,” economists at Royal Bank of Canada said in a Jan. 3 report that previews the next decade.

Current immigration rates won’t stop Canada from joining the club of “super-aged societies,” as the Royal Bank analysis predicts about a quarter of the population will be seniors in 2030, compared with about 17 per cent currently. Unless those men and women decide to work into their 70s, the economy will fundamentally change. Consumption patterns will shift and demand for government services will increase. The Royal Bank study predicts there will be 1.7 Canadians of working age in 2030 compared with 2.3 in 2010.

“The financial demands of an older population will make it harder for governments to fund key growth priorities like education and skills development, let alone the vote-getting niche initiatives they often advance at election time,” the report said.

Without some kind of catalyst, demographics will reduce Canada’s economic potential. Productivity rates are weak, so the growing population isn’t generating as much wealth as it could. But positive surprises are also possible. Politicians could decide to accept even greater numbers of immigrants. Royal Bank sees opportunities in real estate, from both demand by seniors for retirement housing and the increased supply of property due to the larger homes they will abandon.

The good news is that Canada will confront these challenges from a position of relative strength. Amiel said one of New Look’s greatest challenges is finding workers so it can keep up with demand. “In many provinces of Canada, we are close to full employment for retailers and manufacturers,” he said. “It’s a challenge, but there is a flip side. It’s probably a better thing to have to pay a few dollars more an hour and have plenty of customers than the reverse.”

• Email: kcarmichael@nationalpost.com | Twitter:

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B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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