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Fusion breakthrough could be climate, energy game-changer

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Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm announces a major scientific breakthrough in fusion research made at a lab in California, during a news conference at the Department of Energy in Washington, D.C., on Dec. 13.J. Scott Applewhite/The Associated Press

Scientists have reached a major milestone in the pursuit of nuclear fusion, the process that powers the stars and could one day provide a globally accessible, long-term supply of carbon-free energy.

U.S. government officials said the breakthrough was achieved last week at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the site of a long-running effort to achieve fusion by blasting specially designed targets with powerful laser beams.

During a test on Dec. 5, the nuclear reaction triggered in a tiny target released about 50 per cent more energy than it took to trigger the reaction with a powerful blast from the laser.

The result marks the first time any such experiment has achieved a net energy gain – a critical threshold that is the primary goal of fusion research.

“This demonstrates that it can be done,” Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said at a news briefing in Washington, D.C., Tuesday.

Explainer: Could fusion energy help fight climate change?

While the announcement does not immediately change the timeline for a practical application, it adds to the growing sense of momentum in a field long regarded as offering a scientifically feasible but technically challenging solution to the world’s energy needs.

Thanks to public excitement and the urgent need to cut the fossil fuel emissions that drive climate change, the development could indirectly boost the prospects of several private companies working on quicker pathways to commercial fusion power.

But experts caution that Tuesday’s exciting news should be tempered with the reality of how far scientists have yet to go to turn fusion into a useful energy source.

For example, last week’s experiment generated 3.15 megajoules of energy from 2.05 megajoules of input from the laser. Yet the laser draws about 300 megajoules from the grid just to operate.

Having now achieved a net energy gain from their target, researchers said the next step is making the process more efficient and easily reproduced. A longer-term goal is a system that can fire repeatedly and power the entire laser system with energy to spare.

“A few decades of research on the underlying technologies could put us in a position to build a power plant,” said Kim Budil, the director of the laboratory.

Dr. Budil said the laboratory brought in an independent team to peer-review the experiment’s results ahead of Tuesday’s announcement.

The National Ignition Facility was constructed in the late 1990s, and the first tests were conducted in 2009. After years of incremental progress, scientists reported last year that they were 70 per cent of the way to net energy gain and were optimistic about reaching that goal.

Their approach uses the world’s most powerful laser to blast BB-size targets consisting of isotopes of hydrogen packed inside a diamond shell. During a test, the laser beam is divided into several separate beams, which converge on the target from multiple directions and rapidly compress it in time scales of about one billionth of a second.

At that point, the hydrogen isotopes – deuterium and tritium – are so squeezed that they are converted into helium, momentarily releasing energy in the process.

The process, known as inertial confinement, is one of two routes to fusion being pursued by large government-funded megaprojects.


Nuclear fusion clean energy breakthrough

Scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Ignition Facility in

California have been able to produce more energy from a fusion

reaction than is required to power it — the milestone known as

net energy gain

HOHLRAUM:

Hollow gold

cylinder

Gold absorbs

UV energy,

radiates x-rays

LASERS: Up to 192

fired into hohlraum in

2.1 megajoule burst

2mm diameter

FUEL CAPSULE

Diamond sphere with

150 micrograms of fuel

Spherical isothermic

core between

-253˚C to -255˚C

1. X-rays superheat

surface of fuel capsule,

forming plasma envelope

Frozen deuterium

and tritium fuel on

inside wall

Thermonuclear ignition

2.5

megajoule

output

2. Fuel core compressed by

rocket-like blowoff of hot surface

4. Fusion of tritium and

deuterium atoms faster

than sphere can fly apart

3. Fuel core density exceeds 1,000

times initial density, reaches 100 million˚C

graphic news, Source: U.S. National Ignition Facility

Nuclear fusion clean energy breakthrough

Scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Ignition Facility in

California have been able to produce more energy from a fusion

reaction than is required to power it — the milestone known as

net energy gain

HOHLRAUM:

Hollow gold

cylinder

Gold absorbs

UV energy,

radiates x-rays

LASERS: Up to 192

fired into hohlraum in

2.1 megajoule burst

2mm diameter

FUEL CAPSULE

Diamond sphere with

150 micrograms of fuel

Spherical isothermic

core between

-253˚C to -255˚C

1. X-rays superheat

surface of fuel capsule,

forming plasma envelope

Frozen deuterium

and tritium fuel on

inside wall

Thermonuclear ignition

2.5

megajoule

output

2. Fuel core compressed by

rocket-like blowoff of hot surface

4. Fusion of tritium and

deuterium atoms faster

than sphere can fly apart

3. Fuel core density exceeds 1,000

times initial density, reaches 100 million˚C

graphic news, Source: U.S. National Ignition Facility

Nuclear fusion clean energy breakthrough

Scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Ignition Facility in California have been able to produce

more energy from a fusion reaction than is required to power it — the milestone known as

net energy gain

HOHLRAUM:

Hollow gold

cylinder

Gold absorbs

UV energy,

radiates x-rays

LASERS: Up to 192

fired into hohlraum in

2.1 megajoule burst

2mm diameter

FUEL CAPSULE

Diamond sphere with

150 micrograms of fuel

Spherical isothermic

core between

-253˚C to -255˚C

1. X-rays superheat

surface of fuel capsule,

forming plasma envelope

Frozen deuterium

and tritium fuel on

inside wall

Thermonuclear ignition

2.5

megajoule

output

2. Fuel core compressed by

rocket-like blowoff of hot surface

4. Fusion of tritium and

deuterium atoms faster

than sphere can fly apart

3. Fuel core density exceeds 1,000

times initial density, reaches 100 million˚C

graphic news, Source: U.S. National Ignition Facility

The other, magnetic confinement, involves trapping a high-temperature plasma in a powerful magnetic field until fusion reactions can take place. That is the strategy behind ITER, a giant demonstration reactor that is nearing completion in France and expected to begin operations in 2025.

Although magnetic confinement is considered further ahead along the path to energy generation, neither facility is designed to harness its output to provide electricity; their mandate is to achieve fusion consistently and lay a foundation for future work.

Even the most optimistic climate estimates suggest the world will have to get off carbon well before fusion is available at a scale that would allow it to take over as a primary energy source.

Meanwhile, companies in North America and Europe have been working on technologies that could expedite the arrival of commercial fusion.

Among them is Commonwealth Fusion Systems of Massachusetts, which is now building its first demonstration reactor. It employs a more compact form of magnetic confinement that is also on track to be operational by 2025.

U.S. scientists on Tuesday revealed a breakthrough on fusion energy that could one day help curb climate change if companies can scale up the technology to a commercial level in the coming decades. This report produced by Chris Dignam.

Reuters

Vancouver-based General Fusion has a different reactor design that combines elements of both magnetic and inertial confinement. Its demonstration facility is set to be ready for testing by 2027.

“Having the underlying science is important, but if it doesn’t end on a path to a commercial power plant, it becomes a lot less interesting, at least to investors,” said Greg Twinney, the chief executive of General Fusion.

If fusion power can be made to work at a reasonable cost, it would have some significant advantages over renewables such as wind and solar, which are intermittent and require far more space.

Proponents of fusion say it also wins out over conventional nuclear energy, which depends on fission – splitting atoms to release heat and energy rather than fusing them together. Fusion reactors do not generate radioactive waste in the form of spent uranium fuel, though parts of the reactor would become radioactive over time.


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Telus prioritizing ‘most important customers,’ avoiding ‘unprofitable’ offers: CFO

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Telus Corp. says it is avoiding offering “unprofitable” discounts as fierce competition in the Canadian telecommunications sector shows no sign of slowing down.

The company said Friday it had fewer net new customers during its third quarter compared with the same time last year, as it copes with increasingly “aggressive marketing and promotional pricing” that is prompting more customers to switch providers.

Telus said it added 347,000 net new customers, down around 14.5 per cent compared with last year. The figure includes 130,000 mobile phone subscribers and 34,000 internet customers, down 30,000 and 3,000, respectively, year-over-year.

The company reported its mobile phone churn rate — a metric measuring subscribers who cancelled their services — was 1.09 per cent in the third quarter, up from 1.03 per cent in the third quarter of 2023. That included a postpaid mobile phone churn rate of 0.90 per cent in its latest quarter.

Telus said its focus is on customer retention through its “industry-leading service and network quality, along with successful promotions and bundled offerings.”

“The customers we have are the most important customers we can get,” said chief financial officer Doug French in an interview.

“We’ve, again, just continued to focus on what matters most to our customers, from a product and customer service perspective, while not loading unprofitable customers.”

Meanwhile, Telus reported its net income attributable to common shares more than doubled during its third quarter.

The telecommunications company said it earned $280 million, up 105.9 per cent from the same three-month period in 2023. Earnings per diluted share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 was 19 cents compared with nine cents a year earlier.

It reported adjusted net income was $413 million, up 10.7 per cent year-over-year from $373 million in the same quarter last year. Operating revenue and other income for the quarter was $5.1 billion, up 1.8 per cent from the previous year.

Mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.85 in the third quarter, a decrease of $2.09 or 3.4 per cent from a year ago. Telus said the drop was attributable to customers signing up for base rate plans with lower prices, along with a decline in overage and roaming revenues.

It said customers are increasingly adopting unlimited data and Canada-U.S. plans which provide higher and more stable ARPU on a monthly basis.

“In a tough operating environment and relative to peers, we view Q3 results that were in line to slightly better than forecast as the best of the bunch,” said RBC analyst Drew McReynolds in a note.

Scotiabank analyst Maher Yaghi added that “the telecom industry in Canada remains very challenging for all players, however, Telus has been able to face these pressures” and still deliver growth.

The Big 3 telecom providers — which also include Rogers Communications Inc. and BCE Inc. — have frequently stressed that the market has grown more competitive in recent years, especially after the closing of Quebecor Inc.’s purchase of Freedom Mobile in April 2023.

Hailed as a fourth national carrier, Quebecor has invested in enhancements to Freedom’s network while offering more affordable plans as part of a set of commitments it was mandated by Ottawa to agree to.

The cost of telephone services in September was down eight per cent compared with a year earlier, according to Statistics Canada’s most recent inflation report last month.

“I think competition has been and continues to be, I’d say, quite intense in Canada, and we’ve obviously had to just manage our business the way we see fit,” said French.

Asked how long that environment could last, he said that’s out of Telus’ hands.

“What I can control, though, is how we go to market and how we lead with our products,” he said.

“I think the conditions within the market will have to adjust accordingly over time. We’ve continued to focus on digitization, continued to bring our cost structure down to compete, irrespective of the price and the current market conditions.”

Still, Canada’s telecom regulator continues to warn providers about customers facing more charges on their cellphone and internet bills.

On Tuesday, CRTC vice-president of consumer, analytics and strategy Scott Hutton called on providers to ensure they clearly inform their customers of charges such as early cancellation fees.

That followed statements from the regulator in recent weeks cautioning against rising international roaming fees and “surprise” price increases being found on their bills.

Hutton said the CRTC plans to launch public consultations in the coming weeks that will focus “on ensuring that information is clear and consistent, making it easier to compare offers and switch services or providers.”

“The CRTC is concerned with recent trends, which suggest that Canadians may not be benefiting from the full protections of our codes,” he said.

“We will continue to monitor developments and will take further action if our codes are not being followed.”

French said any initiative to boost transparency is a step in the right direction.

“I can’t say we are perfect across the board, but what I can say is we are absolutely taking it under consideration and trying to be the best at communicating with our customers,” he said.

“I think everyone looking in the mirror would say there’s room for improvement.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:T)

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TC Energy cuts cost estimate for Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico

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CALGARY – TC Energy Corp. has lowered the estimated cost of its Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico.

It says it now expects the project to cost between US$3.9 billion and US$4.1 billion compared with its original estimate of US$4.5 billion.

The change came as the company reported a third-quarter profit attributable to common shareholders of C$1.46 billion or $1.40 per share compared with a loss of C$197 million or 19 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

Revenue for the quarter ended Sept. 30 totalled C$4.08 billion, up from C$3.94 billion in the third quarter of 2023.

TC Energy says its comparable earnings for its latest quarter amounted to C$1.03 per share compared with C$1.00 per share a year earlier.

The average analyst estimate had been for a profit of 95 cents per share, according to LSEG Data & Analytics.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:TRP)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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BCE reports Q3 loss on asset impairment charge, cuts revenue guidance

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BCE Inc. reported a loss in its latest quarter as it recorded $2.11 billion in asset impairment charges, mainly related to Bell Media’s TV and radio properties.

The company says its net loss attributable to common shareholders amounted to $1.24 billion or $1.36 per share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 compared with a profit of $640 million or 70 cents per share a year earlier.

On an adjusted basis, BCE says it earned 75 cents per share in its latest quarter compared with an adjusted profit of 81 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

“Bell’s results for the third quarter demonstrate that we are disciplined in our pursuit of profitable growth in an intensely competitive environment,” BCE chief executive Mirko Bibic said in a statement.

“Our focus this quarter, and throughout 2024, has been to attract higher-margin subscribers and reduce costs to help offset short-term revenue impacts from sustained competitive pricing pressures, slow economic growth and a media advertising market that is in transition.”

Operating revenue for the quarter totalled $5.97 billion, down from $6.08 billion in its third quarter of 2023.

BCE also said it now expects its revenue for 2024 to fall about 1.5 per cent compared with earlier guidance for an increase of zero to four per cent.

The company says the change comes as it faces lower-than-anticipated wireless product revenue and sustained pressure on wireless prices.

BCE added 33,111 net postpaid mobile phone subscribers, down 76.8 per cent from the same period last year, which was the company’s second-best performance on the metric since 2010.

It says the drop was driven by higher customer churn — a measure of subscribers who cancelled their service — amid greater competitive activity and promotional offer intensity. BCE’s monthly churn rate for the category was 1.28 per cent, up from 1.1 per cent during its previous third quarter.

The company also saw 11.6 per cent fewer gross subscriber activations “due to more targeted promotional offers and mobile device discounting compared to last year.”

Bell’s wireless mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.26, down 3.4 per cent from $60.28 in the third quarter of the prior year.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:BCE)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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