How a Headlight Leads to a CAN Bus Injection Attack and a Stolen Vehicle | Canada News Media
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How a Headlight Leads to a CAN Bus Injection Attack and a Stolen Vehicle

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Dr. Ken Tindell, chief technology officer of Canis Automotive Labs, has written up some detective work on why exactly a friend’s car had its headlights tampered with — and how that led to it being stolen in the night using a CAN bus injection attack.

“In April 2022, my friend Ian Tabor tweeted that vandals had been at his car, pulling apart the headlight and unplugging the cables,” Tindell explains by way of background. “It seemed like pointless vandalism, the kind of thing that makes it impossible to have nice things. Then three months later it happened again. This time the bumper was pulled away and the headlight unplugged. But it turned out neither incident was vandalism, because a couple of days later the car was gone. And it looks like the headlight was how it was stolen.”

Stealing a car via its headlight might seem ridiculous, but Tabor and Tindell worked together to discover exactly what was going on — starting with error alerts in the telematics system. “It turns out that around the theft of the car, Ian’s car dropped a lot of DTCs [Diagnostic Trouble Codes],” Tindell says — a key clue on exactly how the car, factory-fitted with an immobilizer which should prevent it moving without a valid key fob, was stolen.

“In the front of the [Toyota] RAV4 there is an ECU [Engine Control Unit] that controls the lights,” Tindell explains. “The DTCs showed that communication with the lighting control ECU was lost. This isn’t surprising since the thieves had ripped the cables out of it. But the DTCs also showed that lots of systems had failed: the control of the front cameras, the hybrid engine control system, and so on. How could that be? This was the next clue: the ECUs probably hadn’t failed, but rather the communication to them had been lost, and the diagnostics had flagged this as a fault. The common factor: CAN bus.”

Removing the headlight from the front of the vehicle, it turns out, provides handy access to wiring which links in to the CAN bus. Further snooping revealed that unnamed sites on the dark web will happily take a few thousand dollars in exchange for a device which looks like a Bluetooth speaker but which can actually be wired into the CAN bus through these relatively easily-accessible wires in order to carry out an attack which unlocks the vehicle and starts the engine — no key fob required.

“[The device] looks just like a JBL Bluetooth speaker,” Tindell found, after purchasing one for experimentation. “And inside it mostly still is (it’s missing the speaker). The CAN Injector is grafted on to the JBL circuit board, enclosed in a big blob of resin. It turns out it’s about $10 of components: a [Microchip] PIC18F chip that contains CAN hardware, plus software pre-programmed into the chip (known as firmware), a CAN transceiver (a standard CAN chip that turns digital signals from the CAN hardware on the PIC18F into the analog voltages sent on CAN wires), and an extra circuit connected to the CAN transceiver.”

Once wired into the CAN bus via the wires previously hidden behind the headlight, the injector overrides genuine signals in order to fool the vehicle into thinking a genuine key fob has been presented. A press of the play button on the “speaker” alters the messaging to unlock the door, and then it’s just a case of getting inside the vehicle and pressing a button to start the engine and drive off. It’s an ugly, noisy approach, Tindell found, hence the DTC messages on the telematics log — but it’s certainly effective, with the entire theft taking just a few minutes to complete.

Tindell has described two possible fixes for what is, on the face of it, a pretty major security flaw. The first is simple, and could be carried out via a software update: disabling the vehicle’s smart key unlock system if there have been recent errors on the CAN bus. A proper fix, meanwhile, would require what Tindell describes as a “zero trust approach to CAN” — the addition of a hardware security module which could cryptographically guarantee messages received on the CAN bus are genuine.

Tindell’s full write-up is available on the Canis Automotive Labs website, along with a call for assistance from anyone willing to allow the pair to experiment on a real Toyota RAV4 or who could help dump the protected firmware from the PIC18F microcontroller in the attack device.

Toyota was contacted for comment on the vulnerability, but had not responded by the time of publication.

 

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Ottawa orders TikTok’s Canadian arm to be dissolved

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The federal government is ordering the dissolution of TikTok’s Canadian business after a national security review of the Chinese company behind the social media platform, but stopped short of ordering people to stay off the app.

Industry Minister François-Philippe Champagne announced the government’s “wind up” demand Wednesday, saying it is meant to address “risks” related to ByteDance Ltd.’s establishment of TikTok Technology Canada Inc.

“The decision was based on the information and evidence collected over the course of the review and on the advice of Canada’s security and intelligence community and other government partners,” he said in a statement.

The announcement added that the government is not blocking Canadians’ access to the TikTok application or their ability to create content.

However, it urged people to “adopt good cybersecurity practices and assess the possible risks of using social media platforms and applications, including how their information is likely to be protected, managed, used and shared by foreign actors, as well as to be aware of which country’s laws apply.”

Champagne’s office did not immediately respond to a request for comment seeking details about what evidence led to the government’s dissolution demand, how long ByteDance has to comply and why the app is not being banned.

A TikTok spokesperson said in a statement that the shutdown of its Canadian offices will mean the loss of hundreds of well-paying local jobs.

“We will challenge this order in court,” the spokesperson said.

“The TikTok platform will remain available for creators to find an audience, explore new interests and for businesses to thrive.”

The federal Liberals ordered a national security review of TikTok in September 2023, but it was not public knowledge until The Canadian Press reported in March that it was investigating the company.

At the time, it said the review was based on the expansion of a business, which it said constituted the establishment of a new Canadian entity. It declined to provide any further details about what expansion it was reviewing.

A government database showed a notification of new business from TikTok in June 2023. It said Network Sense Ventures Ltd. in Toronto and Vancouver would engage in “marketing, advertising, and content/creator development activities in relation to the use of the TikTok app in Canada.”

Even before the review, ByteDance and TikTok were lightning rod for privacy and safety concerns because Chinese national security laws compel organizations in the country to assist with intelligence gathering.

Such concerns led the U.S. House of Representatives to pass a bill in March designed to ban TikTok unless its China-based owner sells its stake in the business.

Champagne’s office has maintained Canada’s review was not related to the U.S. bill, which has yet to pass.

Canada’s review was carried out through the Investment Canada Act, which allows the government to investigate any foreign investment with potential to might harm national security.

While cabinet can make investors sell parts of the business or shares, Champagne has said the act doesn’t allow him to disclose details of the review.

Wednesday’s dissolution order was made in accordance with the act.

The federal government banned TikTok from its mobile devices in February 2023 following the launch of an investigation into the company by federal and provincial privacy commissioners.

— With files from Anja Karadeglija in Ottawa

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 6, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Here is how to prepare your online accounts for when you die

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LONDON (AP) — Most people have accumulated a pile of data — selfies, emails, videos and more — on their social media and digital accounts over their lifetimes. What happens to it when we die?

It’s wise to draft a will spelling out who inherits your physical assets after you’re gone, but don’t forget to take care of your digital estate too. Friends and family might treasure files and posts you’ve left behind, but they could get lost in digital purgatory after you pass away unless you take some simple steps.

Here’s how you can prepare your digital life for your survivors:

Apple

The iPhone maker lets you nominate a “ legacy contact ” who can access your Apple account’s data after you die. The company says it’s a secure way to give trusted people access to photos, files and messages. To set it up you’ll need an Apple device with a fairly recent operating system — iPhones and iPads need iOS or iPadOS 15.2 and MacBooks needs macOS Monterey 12.1.

For iPhones, go to settings, tap Sign-in & Security and then Legacy Contact. You can name one or more people, and they don’t need an Apple ID or device.

You’ll have to share an access key with your contact. It can be a digital version sent electronically, or you can print a copy or save it as a screenshot or PDF.

Take note that there are some types of files you won’t be able to pass on — including digital rights-protected music, movies and passwords stored in Apple’s password manager. Legacy contacts can only access a deceased user’s account for three years before Apple deletes the account.

Google

Google takes a different approach with its Inactive Account Manager, which allows you to share your data with someone if it notices that you’ve stopped using your account.

When setting it up, you need to decide how long Google should wait — from three to 18 months — before considering your account inactive. Once that time is up, Google can notify up to 10 people.

You can write a message informing them you’ve stopped using the account, and, optionally, include a link to download your data. You can choose what types of data they can access — including emails, photos, calendar entries and YouTube videos.

There’s also an option to automatically delete your account after three months of inactivity, so your contacts will have to download any data before that deadline.

Facebook and Instagram

Some social media platforms can preserve accounts for people who have died so that friends and family can honor their memories.

When users of Facebook or Instagram die, parent company Meta says it can memorialize the account if it gets a “valid request” from a friend or family member. Requests can be submitted through an online form.

The social media company strongly recommends Facebook users add a legacy contact to look after their memorial accounts. Legacy contacts can do things like respond to new friend requests and update pinned posts, but they can’t read private messages or remove or alter previous posts. You can only choose one person, who also has to have a Facebook account.

You can also ask Facebook or Instagram to delete a deceased user’s account if you’re a close family member or an executor. You’ll need to send in documents like a death certificate.

TikTok

The video-sharing platform says that if a user has died, people can submit a request to memorialize the account through the settings menu. Go to the Report a Problem section, then Account and profile, then Manage account, where you can report a deceased user.

Once an account has been memorialized, it will be labeled “Remembering.” No one will be able to log into the account, which prevents anyone from editing the profile or using the account to post new content or send messages.

X

It’s not possible to nominate a legacy contact on Elon Musk’s social media site. But family members or an authorized person can submit a request to deactivate a deceased user’s account.

Passwords

Besides the major online services, you’ll probably have dozens if not hundreds of other digital accounts that your survivors might need to access. You could just write all your login credentials down in a notebook and put it somewhere safe. But making a physical copy presents its own vulnerabilities. What if you lose track of it? What if someone finds it?

Instead, consider a password manager that has an emergency access feature. Password managers are digital vaults that you can use to store all your credentials. Some, like Keeper,Bitwarden and NordPass, allow users to nominate one or more trusted contacts who can access their keys in case of an emergency such as a death.

But there are a few catches: Those contacts also need to use the same password manager and you might have to pay for the service.

___

Is there a tech challenge you need help figuring out? Write to us at onetechtip@ap.org with your questions.

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Google’s partnership with AI startup Anthropic faces a UK competition investigation

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LONDON (AP) — Britain’s competition watchdog said Thursday it’s opening a formal investigation into Google’s partnership with artificial intelligence startup Anthropic.

The Competition and Markets Authority said it has “sufficient information” to launch an initial probe after it sought input earlier this year on whether the deal would stifle competition.

The CMA has until Dec. 19 to decide whether to approve the deal or escalate its investigation.

“Google is committed to building the most open and innovative AI ecosystem in the world,” the company said. “Anthropic is free to use multiple cloud providers and does, and we don’t demand exclusive tech rights.”

San Francisco-based Anthropic was founded in 2021 by siblings Dario and Daniela Amodei, who previously worked at ChatGPT maker OpenAI. The company has focused on increasing the safety and reliability of AI models. Google reportedly agreed last year to make a multibillion-dollar investment in Anthropic, which has a popular chatbot named Claude.

Anthropic said it’s cooperating with the regulator and will provide “the complete picture about Google’s investment and our commercial collaboration.”

“We are an independent company and none of our strategic partnerships or investor relationships diminish the independence of our corporate governance or our freedom to partner with others,” it said in a statement.

The U.K. regulator has been scrutinizing a raft of AI deals as investment money floods into the industry to capitalize on the artificial intelligence boom. Last month it cleared Anthropic’s $4 billion deal with Amazon and it has also signed off on Microsoft’s deals with two other AI startups, Inflection and Mistral.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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