How do wildfires start in Canada: reader questions answered | Canada News Media
Connect with us

News

How do wildfires start in Canada: reader questions answered

Published

 on

Wildfires have dominated conversations across Canada for the past few weeks.

Not only have fires burned thousands of forests and land but the smoke has created pollution across the country — and in the U.S. — forcing people to stay inside.

The fires have prompted evacuations and left behind life-altering destruction in some communities, and it is only June.

Due to the rapid growth of some fires and the need to react quickly, it has left some people wondering: how did we get here?

There are currently more than 440 fires burning in Canada as of Thursday, some of which officials say were started naturally while others are still under investigation.

Of the 5.4 million hectares burned so far this season, there are questions about what Canadians can do to prevent this year from being the worst fire season on record.

CTVNews.ca asked what questions you had about the wildfires. Topics ranged from how wildfires start to wanting to understand the process of investigating fires, and what happened to a beloved fire safety mascot.

HOW DO WILDFIRES START?

The origins of wildfires can be difficult to understand but one thing is certain: climate change is a factor.

The warming of the planet is not only contributing to drier and hotter weather but some research shows it can increase lightning strikes, Michael Flannigan, professor of wildland fire at Thompson Rivers University in British Columbia, said.

“The research suggests we will see more lightning in a warmer world. We don’t have enough really good data to say for sure that’s happening in Canada yet, but there are places in the world like Russia where the data is suggesting that is happening,” Flannigan told CTVNews.ca in a phone interview Wednesday.

Lightning is caused when warm air rises in the water cycle and liquid particles “bump into” ice particles, creating an electrical charge, Flannigan said.

Climate change is increasing the temperature of the Earth, which in turn raises warm air that then mixes with cool air, creating an “unstable” atmosphere, he said.

“Most of these (particles) are negatively charged, but some especially from the top of the thunderstorm — what we call the anvil — are positively charged,” he said. “And these are interesting because they often travel horizontally and then down to the Earth.”

Lightning typically hits tall things, whether it be a tree or a home. If it hits a tree in northern B.C., it will travel down to the ground, sometimes leaving the tree intact.

Fire investigator Jeff Henricks documenting a scene. (Contributed)

“The lightning goes down, and it smoulders and catches fire,” Flannigan said. “If it’s rainy or damp, it just smoulders for a while. If it’s hot, dry and windy, it can start spreading.”

What can sometimes happen in the vast Canadian landscape is the ground could smoulder for weeks going unnoticed, until it’s a substantial blaze.

Lightning rods used on homes can direct lightning away from forests but Flannigan says adding one to each building in the country would likely be too costly.

As of right now, Flannigan says lightning strikes cause about 50 per cent of all wildfires, while human behaviour is responsible for the other half, but the odds are likely to shift.

“There are research papers out there suggesting that we’ll see a doubling of lightning-caused fires in the future,” he said. “We’re seeing it already this year… perhaps this is a signal that the future is here a bit early.”

WHO CAN BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR WILDFIRES?

According to Flannigan, key ways humans can start fires include ATVs (when the hot muffler connects with dry grass), railways, power lines and campfires.

To understand the origins of a wildfire, investigators are called in to trace the evidence left behind by flames, also referred to as “fire pattern indicators” or flame “scars,” to determine how and where a fire started.

“Obtaining as much information on the scene is very important to determining the origin of a wildfire,” Jeff Henricks, a former Alberta wildfire investigator now consultant, told CTVNews.ca in a phone interview on Thursday. “We will seek to obtain early photos of the fire, interview first responders or witnesses, and document what they saw.”

Henricks says this process can take several days depending on the size and complexity of a fire.

He often leaves a fire scene with his protective equipment completely covered in soot and ash, he says.

“Once we have determined an origin, we can then seek out the cause of the wildfire, and again, this can take considerable time as well,” Henricks said. “(For) example, if we found evidence in our ignition area of a metallic-like substance, we may need to submit that to a lab for analysis.”

If the investigation determines a person caused the wildfire, more research is needed to figure out who that person is. Henricks says each jurisdiction in Canada has different fines for starting a wildfire.

In Alberta, a person could face a $100,000 penalty or prison for two years, whereas Saskatchewan has a fine of up to $500,000, three years prison or both.

The entire process from investigating the cause of a fire to charging a person can take several years.

“Few wildfires are malicious in nature and many are a result of unfortunate circumstances,” he said.

WHAT MEASURES ARE GOVERNMENTS TAKING TO ADDRESS WILDFIRES?

Mitigating wildfire destruction on communities is something all governments across Canada are working on, efforts that are aided and overseen by Emergency Preparedness Minister Bill Blair.

“Although the primary response to these types of events rests with the provinces and territories, we are in continued contact with partners across Canada, (and) maintain a whole-of-government approach to supporting communities affected by wildfires,” Blair’s office told CTVNews.ca in an email.

According to the department, the federal government has provided funds for displaced Canadians, worked with international partners and created a fund to hire more firefighters in communities.

A spokesperson from the province of B.C. told CTVNews.ca in an email that the government has invested “significant” resources into the B.C. Wildfire Service and addressing climate change.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau listens to Col. Marie-Christine Harvey explain the military operations battling wildfires, Wednesday, June 14, 2023 at CFB Bagotville in Saguenay, Que. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jacques Boissinot)

“Changes for the 2023 season include improvements for identification and suppression of wildfires, deployment of resources, and strengthened partner relations,” the email reads.

CTVNews.ca did not receive responses from Yukon, Northwest Territories, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia or New Brunswick.

Saskatchewan’s Public Safety Agency (SPSA) has created ties with rural communities, Indigenous leaders and municipalities to improve the emergency preparedness for wildfires, a spokesperson said.

“These plans assess risks, identify hazards and vulnerable areas/populations, prioritize efforts to address these risks and help with wildfire suppression efforts … workshops and training on topics such as emergency management, emergency plan development and emergency operations centres,” a spokesperson from SPSA told CTVNews.ca in an email.

A spokesperson for Alberta’s wildfire management branch said education programs and public engagement sessions are “key” to preventing wildfires.

“One of the most effective prevention programs Alberta Wildfire administers is FireSmart, an actionable framework designed to mitigate the risk and impact of large uncontrollable wildfires near homes, communities, and critical infrastructure,” the spokesperson said.

WHAT HAPPENED TO SMOKEY BEAR?

FireSmart is Canada’s equivalent to the U.S. Forest Service — better known as the organization that created Smokey Bear.

Smokey is a mascot from the ’50s with a message of fire prevention and safety that was soon adopted in Canada. But FireSmart Canada program manager Magda Zachara says Canadians have their own wildfire icon.

“Ember the Fox is a FireSmart Canada mascot, Smokey the Bear is not and never was,” she told CTVNews.ca in a phone interview on Wednesday.

The two mascots also have different messages, Zachara said.

“Smokey the Bear is very much tied entirely to prevent a wildfire,” she said. “And we as FireSmart are really focused on the mitigation and risk reduction message.”

Some provinces still use the mascot to this day but as FireSmart Canada’s presence grew so did Ember’s recognition.

“If you travel around the country you will still see Smokey being used in certain provinces, or other mascots. In fact, Alberta has their own mascot and Quebec has a totally different mascot,” Zachara said. “So there are numerous other mascots out there as far as wildfires (campaigns) are concerned.”

 

Source link

Continue Reading

News

‘Do the work’: Ottawa urges both sides in B.C. port dispute to restart talks

Published

 on

VANCOUVER – The federal government is urging both sides in the British Columbia port dispute to return to the table after Saturday’s collapse of mediated talks to end the lockout at container terminals that has entered its second week.

A statement issued by the office of federal Labour Minister Steven MacKinnon on Monday said both the port employers and the union representing more than 700 longshore supervisors “must understand the urgency of the situation.”

The statement also urged both sides to “do the work necessary to reach an agreement.”

“Canadians are counting on them,” the statement from MacKinnon’s office said.

The lockout at B.C. container terminals including those in Vancouver — Canada’s largest port — began last week after the BC Maritime Employers Association said members of International Longshore and Warehouse Union Ship and Dock Foremen Local 514 began strike activity in response to a “final offer” from employers.

The union said the plan was only for an overtime ban and a refusal to implement automation technology, calling the provincewide lockout a reckless overreaction.

On Saturday, the two sides began what was scheduled to be up to three days of mediated talks, after MacKinnon spoke to both sides and said on social media that there was a “concerning lack of urgency” to resolve the dispute.

But the union said the talks lasted “less than one hour” Saturday without resolution, accusing the employers of cutting them off.

The employers denied ending the talks, saying the mediator concluded the discussions after “there was no progress made” in talks conducted separately with the association and the union.

“The BCMEA went into the meeting with open minds and seeking to achieve a negotiated settlement at the bargaining table,” a statement from the employers said.

“In a sincere effort to bring these drawn-out negotiations to a close, the BCMEA provided a competitive offer to ILWU Local 514 … the offer did not require any concessions from the union and, if accepted, would have ended this dispute.”

The employers said the offer includes a 19.2 per cent wage increase over a four-year term along with an average lump sum payment of $21,000 per qualified worker, but the union said it did not address staffing levels given the advent of port automation technology in terminals such as DP World’s Centerm in Vancouver.

After talks broke off, the union accused the employers of “showing flagrant disregard for the seriousness of their lockout.”

Local 514 president Frank Morena said in a statement on Saturday that the union is “calling on the actual individual employers who run the terminals to order their bargaining agent — the BCMEA — to get back to the table.”

“We believe the individual employers who actually run the terminals need to step up and order their bargaining agent to get back to the table and start negotiations and stop the confrontation,” Morena said.

No further talks are currently scheduled.

According to the Canada Labour Code, the labour minister or either party in a dispute can request a mediator to “make recommendations for settlement of the dispute or the difference.”

In addition, Section 107 of the Code gives the minister additional powers to take action that “seem likely to maintain or secure industrial peace and to promote conditions favourable to the settlement of industrial disputes,” and could direct the Canada Industrial Relations Board “to do such things as the Minister deems necessary.”

Liam McHugh-Russell, assistant professor at Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University, said Section 107 “is very vague about what it allows a minister to do.”

“All it says is that the minister can refer a problem and a solution to the Labour Board. They can ask the Labour Board to try and solve the problem,” he said.

“Maybe the minister will try to do that. It remains to be seen.”

The other option if mediated talks fail — beyond the parties reaching a solution on their own — would be a legislated return to work, which would be an exception to the normal way labour negotiations operate under the Labour Code.

Parliament is not scheduled to sit this week and will return on Nov. 18.

The labour strife at B.C. ports is happening at the same time another dispute is disrupting Montreal, Canada’s second-largest port.

The employers there locked out almost 1,200 workers on Sunday night after a “final” offer was not accepted, greatly reducing operations.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 11, 2024.



Source link

Continue Reading

News

Man facing 1st-degree murder in partner’s killing had allegedly threatened her before

Published

 on

LONGUEUIL, Que. – A man charged with first-degree murder in the death of his partner in a Montreal suburb was out on bail for uttering threats against her when she was killed.

Shilei Du was charged today with the killing of 29-year-old Guangmei Ye in Candiac, Que., about 15 kilometres southwest of Montreal.

Sgt. Frédéric Deshaies of the Quebec provincial police says their investigators were called by local police to a home in Candiac at about noon on Sunday.

The charges filed at the Longueuil courthouse against 36-year-old Du allege the killing took place on or around Nov. 7.

According to court files, Du had previously appeared at the same courthouse for allegedly uttering threats to cause death or bodily harm against Ye on Sept. 7.

Du pleaded not guilty the following day and was released on bail one day later. He had been present in court on the uttering threats charges on Nov. 6.

Du, whose current address is listed in Montreal, was arrested on Sunday at the home where Ye was killed.

The case is scheduled to return to court on Nov. 19.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 11, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.



Source link

Continue Reading

News

Wisconsin’s high court to hear oral arguments on whether an 1849 abortion ban remains valid

Published

 on

MADISON, Wis. (AP) — The Wisconsin Supreme Court will hear oral arguments Monday on whether a law that legislators adopted more than a decade before the Civil War bans abortion and can still be enforced.

Abortion rights advocates stand an excellent chance of prevailing, given that liberal justices control the court and one of them remarked on the campaign trail that she supports abortion rights. Monday’s arguments are little more than a formality ahead of a ruling, which is expected to take weeks.

Wisconsin lawmakers passed the state’s first prohibition on abortion in 1849. That law stated that anyone who killed a fetus unless the act was to save the mother’s life was guilty of manslaughter. Legislators passed statutes about a decade later that prohibited a woman from attempting to obtain her own miscarriage. In the 1950s, lawmakers revised the law’s language to make killing an unborn child or killing the mother with the intent of destroying her unborn child a felony. The revisions allowed a doctor in consultation with two other physicians to perform an abortion to save the mother’s life.

The U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling legalizing abortion nationwide nullified the Wisconsin ban, but legislators never repealed it. When the Supreme Court overturned Roe two years ago, conservatives argued that the Wisconsin ban was enforceable again.

Democratic Attorney General Josh Kaul filed a lawsuit challenging the law in 2022. He argued that a 1985 Wisconsin law that allows abortions before a fetus can survive outside the womb supersedes the ban. Some babies can survive with medical help after 21 weeks of gestation.

Sheboygan County District Attorney Joel Urmanski, a Republican, argues the 1849 ban should be enforceable. He contends that it was never repealed and that it can co-exist with the 1985 law because that law didn’t legalize abortion at any point. Other modern-day abortion restrictions also don’t legalize the practice, he argues.

Dane County Circuit Judge Diane Schlipper ruled last year that the old ban outlaws feticide — which she defined as the killing of a fetus without the mother’s consent — but not consensual abortions. The ruling emboldened Planned Parenthood to resume offering abortions in Wisconsin after halting procedures after Roe was overturned.

Urmanski asked the state Supreme Court in February to overturn Schlipper’s ruling without waiting for lower appellate courts to rule first. The court agreed to take the case in July.

Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin filed a separate lawsuit in February asking the state Supreme Court to rule directly on whether a constitutional right to abortion exists in the state. The court agreed in July to take that case as well. The justices have yet to schedule oral arguments.

Persuading the court’s liberal majority to uphold the ban appears next to impossible. Liberal Justice Janet Protasiewicz stated openly during her campaign that she supports abortion rights, a major departure for a judicial candidate. Usually, such candidates refrain from speaking about their personal views to avoid the appearance of bias.

The court’s three conservative justices have accused the liberals of playing politics with abortion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.



Source link

Continue Reading

Trending

Exit mobile version