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How should provinces handle the rollout of two-dose vaccines? – CTV News

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TORONTO —
When a vaccine requires two doses, how should provinces handle their shipments of vaccines — set aside the second dose and commit to a slower rollout, or deliver shots to as many people as possible and risk a delay in shipments of the second dose?

It’s a question that is preoccupying officials and the public.

As of Wednesday afternoon, more than 83 thousand vaccine doses had been administered in Canada, roughly 0.2 per cent of the population.

With the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, which was the first to be approved in Canada, the second dose is taken 21 days after the first. Since vaccine doses started to be given out in mid-December, the soonest that those people would start receiving their second shots is early next week.

The first shipments of the Moderna vaccine arrived in Canada last Thursday. Those who receive this vaccine will get their second dose around a month after the first.

SHOULD PROVINCES HOLD ONTO THE SECOND DOSE?

Both Moderna and Pfizer require two doses of the vaccine to ensure immunity, a system which has spurred two different strategies for the vaccine rollout.

Some provinces, such as British Columbia and Manitoba, have chosen to give as many people their first shot as possible — using up their first shipments of vaccines to give a greater number of people partial protection and relying on further shipments coming within the waiting period to make up the second shots those people will require.

Other provinces, including Ontario and Quebec, have chosen to do the math to set aside the second dose for each person that they vaccinate, in order to ensure that those people will get that second dose even in the event of a delay in further shipments of the vaccine.

Alberta is one province that held back doses at first, but pledged this week to reverse the policy after falling far short of their goal to deliver 29,000 shots by the end of the year.

Federal officials were asked in Ottawa today if they intend to publish guidelines on how provinces should handle the vaccine rollouts. Intergovernmental Affairs Minister Dominic LeBlanc emphasized that “provinces have the responsibility of vaccinating their own populations, and as soon as possible.”

Major General Dany Fortin, who is overseeing the process of delivering vaccines to jurisdictions across the country, said Wednesday that “vaccine producers do recommend that we keep a second dose,” adding that this was the advice given when the additional shipments coming in January had not been confirmed.

“Now, things are confirmed, we will be receiving our shipments,” he said.

However, he pointed out that “provinces and territories do have to manage possible risks” regarding the timing of shipments.

“When it comes to our level of confidence in shipments, well, we have a lot of remote regions, there could be issues with winter weather and other logistical challenges,” Fortin said. “A given province or territory might decide to vaccinate a higher number of people now and then use a future shipment as second doses for those same people. We respect provincial and territorial responsibilities, and that is a provincial and territorial responsibility.”

WHICH STRATEGY IS BEST?

Opinions vary, even among experts.

Dr. Zain Chagla, an infectious disease specialist with McMaster University, explained the thinking behind each strategy to CTVNews.ca last week, saying B.C.’s strategy of not holding back the second dose is based on a trust in the supply chain.

“[B.C.’s thinking is] we’re fine. We’ll get the doses,” he said. “Let’s just get more people vaccinated to provide some safety. In the worst case scenario, we can delay it by a couple of weeks. It’s not the end of the world.”

Ontario’s approach of holding back the second dose is more “careful,” he said, especially in anticipation of possible manufacturing delays. He also notes this approach could be more prudent in the long run.

“In the grand context, this is a marathon and not a sprint,” Chagla said. “We should probably be focusing on making sure that the people who are vaccinated have the most robust vaccine series rather than just saying let’s spray it out as much as possible and hope that we get the second dose.”

However, some experts point out that the partial protection offered by even one dose of these vaccines could make a serious difference in slowing down the transmission of the virus if more people are given their first shot quickly.

“Many of us believe that we should be giving one dose to everyone rather than keeping a second dose behind,” Anna Banerji, an infectious disease specialist, told CTV News Channel on Monday. “That’s how we’re going to get this under control.”

The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine efficacy is 52 per cent after just one shot, with protective effects kicking in around 12 days after receiving the shot. That efficacy rose to 95 per cent seven days after the second dose.

This means that those who have received only one shot can still feasibly get COVID-19 — but that the likelihood has significantly decreased.

The likelihood of contracting COVID-19 is even smaller after one dose of the Moderna vaccine. The vaccine demonstrated an 80 per cent efficacy after just one dose in Moderna’s clinical trials — but as all of the participants received a second shot a month after the first, at which point the efficacy rose to 94 per cent, there is no data on whether or not receiving one shot by itself provides immunity that lasts past 28 days.

NARROWING THE VACCINE TO ONE DOSE ALONE?

The increased efficacy of Moderna’s vaccine based on a single shot has prompted some to suggest we simply forget about the second shot.

Retired Gen. Rick Hillier, the head of Canada’s vaccination program, asked this week if Health Canada could look into the possibility of the Moderna vaccine being delivered in only one dose — something that health officials at the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) rejected Wednesday.

“From a scientific, public health, medical perspective, it’s all with a two-dose regime, and that’s what Health Canada has approved,” Howard Njoo, Deputy Chief Public Health Officer at PHAC, said Wednesday. “There’s no data there to look at in terms of if there was a one-dose regime, what that would have in terms of an impact on either the duration of immunity or the efficacy over the long-term.”

Dr. Ronald St. John, former and first Director General of the Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response at PHAC, told CTV News Channel on Wednesday that we need to “trust the science.”

The vaccines currently being approved have gone through the standard three phase process to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the vaccine, he said, and the results show that it takes two doses to achieve a 94-95 per cent effectiveness.

“One dose might give you 50 per cent, but the person who is vaccinated doesn’t know whether they’re going to be in the 50 per cent protected or 50 per cent unprotected,” he said. “So you may have somebody who feels ‘oh, I’ve been vaccinated, and I’m fine,” but they may still be totally susceptible to the virus.” 

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Dollarama keeping an eye on competitors as Loblaw launches new ultra-discount chain

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Dollarama Inc.’s food aisles may have expanded far beyond sweet treats or piles of gum by the checkout counter in recent years, but its chief executive maintains his company is “not in the grocery business,” even if it’s keeping an eye on the sector.

“It’s just one small part of our store,” Neil Rossy told analysts on a Wednesday call, where he was questioned about the company’s food merchandise and rivals playing in the same space.

“We will keep an eye on all retailers — like all retailers keep an eye on us — to make sure that we’re competitive and we understand what’s out there.”

Over the last decade and as consumers have more recently sought deals, Dollarama’s food merchandise has expanded to include bread and pantry staples like cereal, rice and pasta sold at prices on par or below supermarkets.

However, the competition in the discount segment of the market Dollarama operates in intensified recently when the country’s biggest grocery chain began piloting a new ultra-discount store.

The No Name stores being tested by Loblaw Cos. Ltd. in Windsor, St. Catharines and Brockville, Ont., are billed as 20 per cent cheaper than discount retail competitors including No Frills. The grocery giant is able to offer such cost savings by relying on a smaller store footprint, fewer chilled products and a hearty range of No Name merchandise.

Though Rossy brushed off notions that his company is a supermarket challenger, grocers aren’t off his radar.

“All retailers in Canada are realistic about the fact that everyone is everyone’s competition on any given item or category,” he said.

Rossy declined to reveal how much of the chain’s sales would overlap with Loblaw or the food category, arguing the vast variety of items Dollarama sells is its strength rather than its grocery products alone.

“What makes Dollarama Dollarama is a very wide assortment of different departments that somewhat represent the old five-and-dime local convenience store,” he said.

The breadth of Dollarama’s offerings helped carry the company to a second-quarter profit of $285.9 million, up from $245.8 million in the same quarter last year as its sales rose 7.4 per cent.

The retailer said Wednesday the profit amounted to $1.02 per diluted share for the 13-week period ended July 28, up from 86 cents per diluted share a year earlier.

The period the quarter covers includes the start of summer, when Rossy said the weather was “terrible.”

“The weather got slightly better towards the end of the summer and our sales certainly increased, but not enough to make up for the season’s horrible start,” he said.

Sales totalled $1.56 billion for the quarter, up from $1.46 billion in the same quarter last year.

Comparable store sales, a key metric for retailers, increased 4.7 per cent, while the average transaction was down2.2 per cent and traffic was up seven per cent, RBC analyst Irene Nattel pointed out.

She told investors in a note that the numbers reflect “solid demand as cautious consumers focus on core consumables and everyday essentials.”

Analysts have attributed such behaviour to interest rates that have been slow to drop and high prices of key consumer goods, which are weighing on household budgets.

To cope, many Canadians have spent more time seeking deals, trading down to more affordable brands and forgoing small luxuries they would treat themselves to in better economic times.

“When people feel squeezed, they tend to shy away from discretionary, focus on the basics,” Rossy said. “When people are feeling good about their wallet, they tend to be more lax about the basics and more willing to spend on discretionary.”

The current economic situation has drawn in not just the average Canadian looking to save a buck or two, but also wealthier consumers.

“When the entire economy is feeling slightly squeezed, we get more consumers who might not have to or want to shop at a Dollarama generally or who enjoy shopping at a Dollarama but have the luxury of not having to worry about the price in some other store that they happen to be standing in that has those goods,” Rossy said.

“Well, when times are tougher, they’ll consider the extra five minutes to go to the store next door.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.

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U.S. regulator fines TD Bank US$28M for faulty consumer reports

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TORONTO – The U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has ordered TD Bank Group to pay US$28 million for repeatedly sharing inaccurate, negative information about its customers to consumer reporting companies.

The agency says TD has to pay US$7.76 million in total to tens of thousands of victims of its illegal actions, along with a US$20 million civil penalty.

It says TD shared information that contained systemic errors about credit card and bank deposit accounts to consumer reporting companies, which can include credit reports as well as screening reports for tenants and employees and other background checks.

CFPB director Rohit Chopra says in a statement that TD threatened the consumer reports of customers with fraudulent information then “barely lifted a finger to fix it,” and that regulators will need to “focus major attention” on TD Bank to change its course.

TD says in a statement it self-identified these issues and proactively worked to improve its practices, and that it is committed to delivering on its responsibilities to its customers.

The bank also faces scrutiny in the U.S. over its anti-money laundering program where it expects to pay more than US$3 billion in monetary penalties to resolve.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:TD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Amazon rejects plea to stop selling taxi roof signs as cab scam spreads across Canada

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After a long day at a work event in July, Kathryn Kozody was relieved when she spotted a car with a lit-up taxi sign.

She thought it was odd when the driver told her she’d have to pay her fare with a debit card. Still, a tired Kozody hopped in the car.

“I was like, ‘Fine, it’s kind of weird, but let’s go home,'” said Kozody, who lives in Calgary.

Nothing else seemed off — until the next day when she discovered that almost $2,000 was missing from her bank account. On top of that, her debit card had someone else’s name on it.

Kozody concluded that the taxi driver was a fraudster who, during the debit card transaction, recorded her PIN, stole her card and handed her back a fake.

“I started freaking out,” she said. “It’s terrifying when they have your debit card.”

It took Kozody about two weeks to get her money back from her bank, and she’s still rattled by the experience.

The day after taking what she thought was a ride in a taxi, Kathryn Kozody of Calgary found out someone had withdrawn almost $2,000 from her bank account. (James Young/CBC News)

“It really felt like an invasion of privacy and a violation to be a victim of this scam,” she said. “I really don’t want it to happen to anybody else.”

The taxi scam isn’t new; Toronto and Montreal have been seeing it for years. But the crime is becoming more widespread.

This summer, police in Calgary, Edmonton and at least five cities in southern Ontario, including Kingston and Ottawa, posted warnings online that they had received multiple reports of the scam.

Police and the Canadian Taxi Association say the fraudsters have a helping hand: with the click of a button, they can purchase a generic — but official looking — taxi roof sign on e-commerce sites like Amazon.

Edmonton Police posted this alert on Facebook in July, warning people about an ongoing taxi scam. The city’s police department says that it received about 10 reports of the scam that month. (Edmonton Police/Facebook )

The taxi association has asked Amazon, by far Canada’s most popular online shopping site, to stop making the roof signs so easily available.

“They do have a moral responsibility to at least sell the signs to individuals that are properly licensed,” said association president Marc André Way.

However, the U.S.-based company continues to sell the product to all customers.

“These lights are legal to sell in Canada,” Amazon told CBC News in an email.

‘Eye-popping’ numbers

The taxi scam has several variations but typically ends the same way: the victim pays with a debit card, then the scammer secretly steals it and hands the victim a similar but fake card. Shortly thereafter, money disappears from the victim’s account.

Ron Hansen, deputy chief of police in Sarnia, Ont., said his department received 12 reports of the scam in July, with one victim losing $9,900.

Toronto police report that since June 2023 the department has received 919 reports of the taxi scam, totalling $1.7 million in losses.

Jessica Chin King of Toronto said after a recent cab ride, she got a suspicious activity alert from her bank. She learned $600 had been withdrawn from her account. (Craig Chivers/CBC)

The numbers are “eye-popping,” said Toronto police detective David Coffey.

“When they do get a victim, they are quick to go right into the bank accounts. They’re quick to empty them out.”

Jessica Chin King of Toronto said just 15 minutes after a recent cab ride, she got a suspicious activity alert from her bank. Turns out, $600 had been withdrawn from her account.

“I was like, ‘Wow, I can’t believe that just happened.’ I was in shock,” said Chin King, whose bank later reimbursed the cash.

She said she too was fooled by the taxi sign atop the car.

“I was in the car with somebody who wasn’t a taxi driver. Anything could have happened,” she said. “I was thankful that it was only my bank [account] that was compromised.”

Taxi light for $35 on Amazon

CBC News bought a taxi sign from Amazon for $35. It has a magnetic strip on the bottom, so it easily sticks to the top of a car.

To power the light, an attached wire can be run through the driver’s window and plugged into the car’s auxiliary power outlet, also known as the cigarette lighter outlet.

The taxi association says licensed taxi drivers typically get their roof signs from speciality suppliers, and they are hardwired to the car — not powered via the cigarette lighter.

“When you see that … it’s obvious that it’s not a legitimate taxi,” said Way, the association president.

Last month, Way sent Amazon a letter on behalf of the Canadian Taxi Association, asking it to stop selling the product.

“This is not a safe, practical way to distribute the trusted ‘Taxi’ signs,” he wrote.

CBC News ordered this $35 taxi sign on Amazon. The attached wire can be run through the driver’s window and plugged into the car’s auxiliary power outlet, while the lights for licensed drivers are hardwired into the vehicle. (Sophia Harris/CBC News)

But Amazon told Way — and CBC News — the signs will remain on its site, because the company isn’t breaking any rules.

“It’s going to be quite difficult, I think, for anyone to stop Amazon from selling a product that is perfectly legal to sell,” said Toronto criminal lawyer, Daniel Goldbloom. “It’s true that these taxi signs can be used to commit scams, but kitchen knives can be used to commit murder — and we don’t stop retailers from selling those.”

But Way isn’t giving up hope.

He says the taxi association also plans to ask other online retailers, such as Temu and eBay, to stop selling the taxi signs and will lobby provincial governments for legislation that regulates the sale of the product.

However, Coffey said he believes the best way to fight the taxi scam is to educate people about it.

“Never, never give another person control of your debit card,” the detective said.

Victims Chin King and Kozody also want to spread the word.

“The more people know, the less likely it is to happen again to somebody else,” Kozody said.

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