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How the vaccines we have — and the ones coming next — stack up against COVID-19 variants – CBC.ca

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While national-level COVID-19 data shows a downward trend in daily case numbers, eight provinces have reported patients infected with concerning new variants — the more transmissible strains of the coronavirus. 

Infectious disease experts say the B117 strain, originally found in the U.K., and the B1351 strain, originally found in South Africa, are as much as 50 per cent more transmissible. In Ontario, for example, public health officials have said B117 could be the dominant strain in a matter of weeks.

But Dr. Zain Chagla, an infectious disease physician for St. Joseph’s Healthcare in Hamilton, Ont., said there’s reason for hope.  He told Dr. Brian Goldman, host of The Dose and White Coat, Black Art, that he’s optimistic because five different vaccines have been submitted to Health Canada for approval, and each may play a role in controlling the variants. 

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“A year ago I remember having meetings every day in the hospital saying, when is this coming to Canada? How are we going to handle it? You know, seeing those apocalyptic images out of China and Italy, knowing that that was going to be here. And now, a year later, we’re … talking about five vaccines,” said the associate professor of medicine at McMaster University.

“The human spirit is incredible.”

Dr. Zain Chagla, an infectious disease physician for St. Joseph’s Healthcare in Hamilton, Ont., and associate professor of medicine at McMaster University, says he remains optimistic the existing vaccines can fight the COVID-19 variants. (Craig Chivers/CBC)

Health Canada has approved two COVID-19 vaccines, Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, and three more may be approved in coming months.

Here’s how the five shots compare, and what we know so far about how they fare in the fight against the more infectious variants. 

Pfizer-BioNTech & Moderna 

Both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna say their vaccines appear to be effective against both the B117 and the B1351 strains, based on blood samples from people who have been vaccinated. 

In a statement, Pfizer-BioNTech said these preliminary findings “do not indicate the need for a new vaccine to address the emerging variants.”

Chagla said, thankfully, both of these vaccines seem to be protective against B117 as it’s the variant spreading the most quickly in Canada.

However, as the clinical trials of both Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech  were completed before particular variants of concern took off, more research is needed to gather higher quality data.

A comparison of the efficacy of the five leading COVID-19 vaccines against both the dominant strain of COVID-19 and two key variants, B117 and B1531. (Graphic by Ben Shannon/CBC)

 

Oxford-AstraZeneca 

In the final stages of review, the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is expected to be the next formula approved by Health Canada. 

Chagla said the vaccine is about 70 per cent effective against the non-variant strain, based on late stage clinical data released by AstraZeneca.

The news isn’t so great when it comes to the variants. This week South Africa paused part of its rollout of the AstraZeneca vaccine after data from a small trial showed it did not protect against mild to moderate illness from the B1351 variant now dominant in the country.

But Chagla said it’s important to put this news in context, and that more research is needed. 

“You still don’t have good news or bad news in terms of if these vaccines still prevent hospitalizations and death,” he said. If it turns out the vaccine does a good job of preventing severe cases “it could still be a useful intervention there.”

On Wednesday, a World Health Organization panel said the vaccine is safe and effective and should be used widely, even in countries where the B1351 variant is dominant. 

Johnson & Johnson

Johnson & Johnson submitted its one-shot vaccine for approval in the U.S. last week. 

The company says its Phase 3 clinical trial data showed the vaccine is overall 66 per cent effective at preventing moderate to severe COVID-19.

Chagla said there’s a lot of hope with this vaccine, despite the lower overall efficacy rate compared to Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccines which have around 95 per cent efficacy.

He said the fact that it can be kept in a regular fridge and is administered in just one dose means the Johnson & Johnson vaccine could be a game-changer. 

“It may not be as efficacious as Pfizer, but perfection is the enemy of good,” Chagla told Goldman.

“If we had the entire Canadian population have a dose of Johnson & Johnson tomorrow, knowing that in 40 days, most people would not be hospitalized or die from COVID-19, I think all of us would breathe a huge sigh of relief.”

WATCH | Why the single-shot logistics of Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine matter:

Calling the clinical trial ‘thorough,’ infectious disease specialist Dr. Matthew Oughton says Johnson & Johnson’s single-shot COVID-19 vaccine is also easier to handle logistically compared to approved vaccines in Canada. 3:40

Novavax

Novavax is a two-dose vaccine that can also be stored at regular fridge temperature.

The company said early findings from U.K. research show its vaccine appeared to be 86 per cent effective against B117 and 60 per cent effective against B1351.

“This is an incredibly important vaccine for both [U.K. and South African] settings and very, very promising for B117, as well as what’s circulating here in Canada normally,” said Chagla.

Canada has signed an agreement for Novavax to produce tens of millions of doses of its COVID-19 vaccine in Canada once it’s approved by Health Canada.

No ‘best’ vaccine

In a few months, Canada may have five different vaccines going into arms, and Chagla said there is no one “best” vaccine among them.

“The best vaccine is the one that’s administered. Every Canadian should be hopeful that they can get one of these vaccines, period.”

Chagla said the next few months are critical. Until enough people have got their shots, Canadians need to hang tight and continue to socially distance, stay home as much as possible, wear masks and follow public health guidelines. 

But he’s optimistic better days are coming. 

“Hopefully we can talk about a summer and a fall that is getting back to normal.”


Written and produced by Willow Smith 

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New technology to advance women’s cancer care at Southlake

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NEWS RELEASE
SOUTHLAKE REGIONAL HEALTH CENTRE
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This Cancer Awareness Month, Southlake is adding advanced technologies to detect and treat breast cancer and other women’s cancers thanks to generous community donor support, most recently through the HERE is Where Cancer Meets its Match campaign. New cancer care technology, including new mammography machines, the MyoSure System and the MOLLI 2® System will make a measurable impact in diagnosing and treating women’s cancers in the communities Southlake serves.

Southlake is installing three new mammography machines to expand its breast cancer screening program to 1,500 more women each year. Two of these machines have new biopsy capabilities that will reduce the number of cancelled exams due to equipment failure, ensuring timely care for women. Women ages 40 to 49 years old will be able to self-refer for publicly funded mammograms through the Ontario Breast Screening Program starting this fall.

“Early detection is critical when treating breast cancer and other women’s cancers,” said Lorrie Reynolds, Director, Regional Cancer Program at Southlake. “We treat more than 1,700 breast cancer patients at Southlake every year. By adding advanced technology, like the new mammography machines, we’re ensuring women have the best experience at Southlake.”

Southlake is also introducing the MyoSure System, an innovative technology that can help detect female reproductive cancers. Damaged tissue in a woman’s uterus such as fibroids and polyps can now be removed in a precise, minimally invasive procedure that leaves the rest of the uterus intact. This will improve the overall patient experience by supporting faster recovery, reducing the risk of infection and giving more women the option to have children. An estimated 200 women per year will benefit from the MyoSure System.

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The new mammography machines and the MyoSure System build on Southlake’s recent investment in the MOLLI 2® System, a made-in-Canada wire-free breast localization technology.  This technology is considerably less invasive and more accurate when compared to wire-guided localization, resulting in a better patient experience and improved cosmetic outcomes.  More than 200 women each year will benefit from this innovative medical device as they are treated for breast cancer at Southlake.

“As a clinician caring for women with cancer in our community, I’m incredibly proud of the work Southlake is doing to advance women’s health and improve patient experiences,” said Sara Temple, MD, Surgical Oncologist and Chief of Surgery at Southlake. “Women who visit Southlake can be confident that they are receiving leading edge care, close to home when they need it most.”

The World Health Organization anticipates a 77 per cent increase in cancer diagnoses by 2050.  Southlake serves some of the fastest growing communities in Canada and anticipates that the number of patients requiring cancer care will grow. By investing in new technology, Southlake is ensuring that women in the communities it serves have access to leading edge cancer care. All of these investments were funded with support from community donors who generously gave to Southlake to support investments into women’s health at the hospital.

“The generosity of our donor community and the impact they have made for women receiving cancer diagnosis and treatment at Southlake is something we can all take great pride in,” said Jennifer Ritter, President and CEO of Southlake Foundation. “From our Women’s Health Initiative donors supporting new mammography machines, to the Ladies in Philanthropy for Southlake funding the MOLLI 2 System, to our long-standing partners The Edge Benefits and Pheasant Run Golf Club enabling the introduction of MyoSure System through their joint annual charity golf tournament, we are incredibly lucky to share a vision of access to exceptional care for everyone who depends on Southlake when they need us most. Thank you, to every donor who contributed to these important upgrades to care for women.”

Southlake Foundation’s HERE is Where Cancer Meets its Match campaign supports the Stronach Regional Cancer Centre at Southlake. For more information or to make a donation, visit: southlake.ca/HERE.

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Pasteurized milk includes remnants of H5N1 bird flu, U.S. officials say

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says that samples of pasteurized milk have tested positive for remnants of the bird flu virus that has infected dairy cows.

The agency stressed that the material is inactivated and that the findings “do not represent actual virus that may be a risk to consumers.” Officials added that they’re continuing to study the issue.

“To date, we have seen nothing that would change our assessment that the commercial milk supply is safe,” the FDA said in a statement on Tuesday.

The announcement comes nearly a month after an avian influenza virus that has sickened millions of wild and commercial birds in recent years was detected in dairy cows in at least eight states. The Agriculture Department (USDA) says 33 herds have been affected to date.

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FDA officials didn’t indicate how many samples they tested or where they were obtained. The agency has been evaluating milk during processing and from grocery stores, officials said. Results of additional tests are expected in “the next few days to weeks.”

WATCH | Bird flu spread in U.S. cows:

 

Bird flu is spreading in cows. Are humans at risk? | About That

15 days ago

Duration 8:54

For the first time ever, avian influenza, or H5N1 bird flu, was detected in roughly a dozen dairy cow herds across the U.S. About That producer Lauren Bird explores why scientists and public health officials are concerned about the cross-species transmission and whether humans are now at higher risk.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) lab test the FDA used would have detected viral genetic material even after live virus was killed by pasteurization, or heat treatment, said Lee-Ann Jaykus, an emeritus food microbiologist and virologist at North Carolina State University

“There is no evidence to date that this is infectious virus, and the FDA is following up on that,” Jaykus said.

Officials with the FDA and the USDA had previously said milk from affected cattle did not enter the commercial supply. Milk from sick animals is supposed to be diverted and destroyed. Federal regulations require milk that enters interstate commerce to be pasteurized.

Tests for viable virus underway, agency says

Because the detection of the bird flu virus known as Type A H5N1 in dairy cattle is new and the situation is evolving, no studies on the effects of pasteurization on the virus have been completed, FDA officials said. But past research shows that pasteurization is “very likely” to inactivate heat-sensitive viruses like H5N1, the agency added.

The agency said it has been evaluating milk from affected animals, in the processing system and on the shelves. It said it is completing a large, representative national sample to understand the extent of the findings.

The FDA said it is further assessing any positive findings through egg inoculation tests, which it described as a gold standard for determining viable virus.

Matt Herrick, a spokesperson for the International Dairy Foods Association, said that time and temperature regulations for pasteurization ensure that the commercial U.S. milk supply is safe. Remnants of the virus “have zero impact on human health,” he wrote in an email.

Scientists confirmed the H5N1 virus in dairy cows in March after weeks of reports that cows in Texas were suffering from a mysterious malady. The cows were lethargic and saw a dramatic reduction in milk production. Although the H5N1 virus is lethal to commercial poultry, most infected cattle seem to recover within two weeks, experts said.

To date, two people in the U.S. have been infected with bird flu. A Texas dairy worker who was in close contact with an infected cow recently developed a mild eye infection and has recovered. In 2022, a prison inmate in a work program caught it while killing infected birds at a Colorado poultry farm. His only symptom was fatigue, and he recovered.


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Remnants of bird flu virus found in pasteurized milk, FDA says

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Tuesday that samples of pasteurized milk had tested positive for remnants of the bird flu virus that has infected dairy cows.

The agency stressed that the material is inactivated and that the findings “do not represent actual virus that may be a risk to consumers.” Officials added that they’re continuing to study the issue.

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