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Infectious disease expert offers recommendations for holiday travel – Medical Xpress

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Dr. William Petri is vice chair for research in the UVA Department of Medicine and a chaired professor of infectious disease and international health. Credit: Dan Addison, University Communications

At this time last year, demand for holiday travel saw a steep decline, with train ticket sales down by 20% and the Transportation Security Administration reporting airport traffic as less than half of the numbers seen in 2019.

As the comes back on the horizon this year, it is clear that progress has been made. In late November of 2020, COVID vaccine shipments to the states were still a few weeks out. Fast-forward to today, and 445 million vaccines have been administered in the U.S. Almost 60% of the U.S. population is fully vaccinated, and an additional 31.5 million have received a booster.

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With Thanksgiving now a week away and the rest of the holiday season to follow closely behind, UVA Today checked in with a UVA infectious diseases expert to understand what is expected heading into the gathering season. Dr. William Petri, vice chair for research in the UVA Department of Medicine and a chaired professor of infectious disease and , offered insights, comparisons and recommendations on how to proceed.

Q. Do health experts expect COVID cases to surge again this holiday season?

A. Yes, but I have invited my , who are all vaccinated, to travel home to see us! This is the opposite advice that I gave them last year at this time—which was the right decision then, as holiday travel last year resulted in the highest number of COVID-19 infections of the entire pandemic, peaking at 300,000 new cases in one day on Jan. 8.

Today, new infections, while declining or stable in Virginia, are beginning to creep up in the mountain states and northern U.S. It seems likely that we will see regional increases or surges in infections, but nothing like the nationwide problem last holiday season.

Q. Will case numbers be worse than anything we’ve seen previously?

A. No. Last year at this time, no one was vaccinated. Now 80% of Americans age 12 and older have received at least one vaccination. Vaccines are decreasing the chance of infection by six-fold, and of dying from COVID-19 by 12-fold. Now with 5- to 11-year-old children getting the vaccine, we are in a much, much better position, thus my invitation to my children to travel.

Q. Last winter, there were issues in differentiating COVID and the seasonal flu. Are there better methods in place this season to diagnose the two viruses separately?

A. Yes. I am caring for patients at the UVA Hospital this week, and we are testing everyone with cold- or flu-like symptoms for flu, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, since these can all have the same symptoms. It is worth mentioning here the importance of vaccination for flu for everyone 6 months of age and older, as this saves lives.

A side note is that this year there was no winter epidemic of influenza, an unprecedented event. It is thought that the record-low number of influenza cases was due to all of the efforts to mitigate COVID-19, including decreased travel, social distancing and mask-wearing, as well as a record number of influenza vaccinations. As we approach the 2022 flu season (generally from January to March of each year in the Northern Hemisphere), it is unknown how much flu we will have.

Q. Is it likely that hospitals will get pushed to near capacity again?

A. Not at a nationwide level. There however may be regions or localities where, due to low vaccination rates, a holiday surge is severe enough that this does occur.

The highest-risk group for hospitalization due to COVID-19, those 65 years of age and older, is fortunately also the most-vaccinated group, and this will go a long way to prevent demand exceeding capacity at hospitals. It is important to keep in mind that someone who is 80 years old is 700-fold more likely to die from COVID than someone who is 18 to 40 years old.

Q. Do five- to 11-year-olds still pose a health threat, since many will not receive their second dose until early- to mid-December?

A. No. One dose of the Pfizer vaccine in the 5- to 11-year- old age group is more than 90% effective at prevention of COVID-19 by one week after vaccination. This was shown in the phase 2/3 efficacy data submitted by Pfizer to the FDA for [emergency use authorization] approval on Oct. 26.

Q. Many Americans have been able to get booster shots of COVID vaccines this fall. Does this allow them to travel and visit family without much worry?

A. Yes. The booster shots for the COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to increase the levels of anti-spike neutralizing antibodies as much as 20-fold, thereby closing the gap on waning effectiveness of the primary vaccine series. Even without a booster, vaccinated individuals were 12-fold less likely to die from COVID-19 during the most recent delta variant surge. So, as we have all heard, and is true, vaccinated individuals can return to a near-pre-pandemic style of life!

Q. What recommendations do you have for people as they travel and gather this holiday season?

A. One can enjoy indoor family gatherings safely if everyone has been vaccinated and everyone exercises common sense (i.e. does not attend if they have symptoms that could be COVID-19, such as a cough or cold).

Under-5-year-old children who cannot yet be vaccinated may pose a risk of asymptomatic transmission if they are exposed to the virus in settings such as day care or preschool. One approach would be to have them tested prior to the family gathering. This would be prudent if other family members are at increased risk (for example, grandparents due to their age, or someone with a serious underlying medical condition). Remember that the best way to protect under-5 children right now is to surround them with vaccinated family members.


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Infectious disease expert offers recommendations for holiday travel (2021, November 19)
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New technology to advance women’s cancer care at Southlake

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NEWS RELEASE
SOUTHLAKE REGIONAL HEALTH CENTRE
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This Cancer Awareness Month, Southlake is adding advanced technologies to detect and treat breast cancer and other women’s cancers thanks to generous community donor support, most recently through the HERE is Where Cancer Meets its Match campaign. New cancer care technology, including new mammography machines, the MyoSure System and the MOLLI 2® System will make a measurable impact in diagnosing and treating women’s cancers in the communities Southlake serves.

Southlake is installing three new mammography machines to expand its breast cancer screening program to 1,500 more women each year. Two of these machines have new biopsy capabilities that will reduce the number of cancelled exams due to equipment failure, ensuring timely care for women. Women ages 40 to 49 years old will be able to self-refer for publicly funded mammograms through the Ontario Breast Screening Program starting this fall.

“Early detection is critical when treating breast cancer and other women’s cancers,” said Lorrie Reynolds, Director, Regional Cancer Program at Southlake. “We treat more than 1,700 breast cancer patients at Southlake every year. By adding advanced technology, like the new mammography machines, we’re ensuring women have the best experience at Southlake.”

Southlake is also introducing the MyoSure System, an innovative technology that can help detect female reproductive cancers. Damaged tissue in a woman’s uterus such as fibroids and polyps can now be removed in a precise, minimally invasive procedure that leaves the rest of the uterus intact. This will improve the overall patient experience by supporting faster recovery, reducing the risk of infection and giving more women the option to have children. An estimated 200 women per year will benefit from the MyoSure System.

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The new mammography machines and the MyoSure System build on Southlake’s recent investment in the MOLLI 2® System, a made-in-Canada wire-free breast localization technology.  This technology is considerably less invasive and more accurate when compared to wire-guided localization, resulting in a better patient experience and improved cosmetic outcomes.  More than 200 women each year will benefit from this innovative medical device as they are treated for breast cancer at Southlake.

“As a clinician caring for women with cancer in our community, I’m incredibly proud of the work Southlake is doing to advance women’s health and improve patient experiences,” said Sara Temple, MD, Surgical Oncologist and Chief of Surgery at Southlake. “Women who visit Southlake can be confident that they are receiving leading edge care, close to home when they need it most.”

The World Health Organization anticipates a 77 per cent increase in cancer diagnoses by 2050.  Southlake serves some of the fastest growing communities in Canada and anticipates that the number of patients requiring cancer care will grow. By investing in new technology, Southlake is ensuring that women in the communities it serves have access to leading edge cancer care. All of these investments were funded with support from community donors who generously gave to Southlake to support investments into women’s health at the hospital.

“The generosity of our donor community and the impact they have made for women receiving cancer diagnosis and treatment at Southlake is something we can all take great pride in,” said Jennifer Ritter, President and CEO of Southlake Foundation. “From our Women’s Health Initiative donors supporting new mammography machines, to the Ladies in Philanthropy for Southlake funding the MOLLI 2 System, to our long-standing partners The Edge Benefits and Pheasant Run Golf Club enabling the introduction of MyoSure System through their joint annual charity golf tournament, we are incredibly lucky to share a vision of access to exceptional care for everyone who depends on Southlake when they need us most. Thank you, to every donor who contributed to these important upgrades to care for women.”

Southlake Foundation’s HERE is Where Cancer Meets its Match campaign supports the Stronach Regional Cancer Centre at Southlake. For more information or to make a donation, visit: southlake.ca/HERE.

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Pasteurized milk includes remnants of H5N1 bird flu, U.S. officials say

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says that samples of pasteurized milk have tested positive for remnants of the bird flu virus that has infected dairy cows.

The agency stressed that the material is inactivated and that the findings “do not represent actual virus that may be a risk to consumers.” Officials added that they’re continuing to study the issue.

“To date, we have seen nothing that would change our assessment that the commercial milk supply is safe,” the FDA said in a statement on Tuesday.

The announcement comes nearly a month after an avian influenza virus that has sickened millions of wild and commercial birds in recent years was detected in dairy cows in at least eight states. The Agriculture Department (USDA) says 33 herds have been affected to date.

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FDA officials didn’t indicate how many samples they tested or where they were obtained. The agency has been evaluating milk during processing and from grocery stores, officials said. Results of additional tests are expected in “the next few days to weeks.”

WATCH | Bird flu spread in U.S. cows:

 

Bird flu is spreading in cows. Are humans at risk? | About That

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Duration 8:54

For the first time ever, avian influenza, or H5N1 bird flu, was detected in roughly a dozen dairy cow herds across the U.S. About That producer Lauren Bird explores why scientists and public health officials are concerned about the cross-species transmission and whether humans are now at higher risk.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) lab test the FDA used would have detected viral genetic material even after live virus was killed by pasteurization, or heat treatment, said Lee-Ann Jaykus, an emeritus food microbiologist and virologist at North Carolina State University

“There is no evidence to date that this is infectious virus, and the FDA is following up on that,” Jaykus said.

Officials with the FDA and the USDA had previously said milk from affected cattle did not enter the commercial supply. Milk from sick animals is supposed to be diverted and destroyed. Federal regulations require milk that enters interstate commerce to be pasteurized.

Tests for viable virus underway, agency says

Because the detection of the bird flu virus known as Type A H5N1 in dairy cattle is new and the situation is evolving, no studies on the effects of pasteurization on the virus have been completed, FDA officials said. But past research shows that pasteurization is “very likely” to inactivate heat-sensitive viruses like H5N1, the agency added.

The agency said it has been evaluating milk from affected animals, in the processing system and on the shelves. It said it is completing a large, representative national sample to understand the extent of the findings.

The FDA said it is further assessing any positive findings through egg inoculation tests, which it described as a gold standard for determining viable virus.

Matt Herrick, a spokesperson for the International Dairy Foods Association, said that time and temperature regulations for pasteurization ensure that the commercial U.S. milk supply is safe. Remnants of the virus “have zero impact on human health,” he wrote in an email.

Scientists confirmed the H5N1 virus in dairy cows in March after weeks of reports that cows in Texas were suffering from a mysterious malady. The cows were lethargic and saw a dramatic reduction in milk production. Although the H5N1 virus is lethal to commercial poultry, most infected cattle seem to recover within two weeks, experts said.

To date, two people in the U.S. have been infected with bird flu. A Texas dairy worker who was in close contact with an infected cow recently developed a mild eye infection and has recovered. In 2022, a prison inmate in a work program caught it while killing infected birds at a Colorado poultry farm. His only symptom was fatigue, and he recovered.


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Remnants of bird flu virus found in pasteurized milk, FDA says

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Tuesday that samples of pasteurized milk had tested positive for remnants of the bird flu virus that has infected dairy cows.

The agency stressed that the material is inactivated and that the findings “do not represent actual virus that may be a risk to consumers.” Officials added that they’re continuing to study the issue.

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