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Innovators and educators in Future 40 create hub of expertise in Manitoba – CBC.ca

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Manitoba researchers are working with people across the globe to bring new knowledge in fields like health care, and the Future 40 class of 2020 features some incredible educators and scientists.

“Manitoba is becoming a hub and leader for international collaborations,” says Natalie Rodriguez, one of the people in the province who is helping to build such a centre.

CBC Manitoba’s Future 40 Awards recognize the achievements of 40 Manitobans age 40 and younger who have made outstanding professional or service contributions to the community and who are making a difference in the lives of Manitobans.

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The 2020 Future 40 have been named and will be profiled here and on CBC television and radio during this week.

This year’s group includes a strong selection of researchers and health-care workers who are making a difference not only in Manitoba, but across Canada and around the world.

Natalie Rodriguez directs a $14-million research portfolio that includes collaborators in 39 countries. (Submitted by Meghan Azad)

Natalie Rodriguez

Rodriguez, as program director at the Azad Lab in Winnipeg, works to build networks that bring together people scattered across the globe to study how children’s early years affect lifelong health.

In her role with Azad Lab, based at the Children’s Hospital Research Institute in Winnipeg — a place Rodriguez calls “Disneyland for researchers” — she directs a $14-million research portfolio that includes collaborators in 39 countries, says her nominator, former Future 40 winner Meghan Azad, head of the lab.

Rodriguez co-directs the International Milk Composition Consortium, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which is analyzing milk from 1,200 mothers in five countries. She also directed implementation of the Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre biorepository and is working with studies on the effects of COVID-19 on children.

Rodriguez drives the organization and planning, and finds the resources the projects and teams need. Her days can start with a call at 6 a.m. and go until 10 or 11 p.m., but the people she works with, and the importance of the work, keep her going, she says.

“It’s less about me and more about, you know, seeing others really shine and really … overcome the impossible or accomplish things that they’ve never even conceptualized,” Rodriguez said.

“I thrive off that.”

People said because of its size and scope, the breast milk study was going to take years and would take forever to get off the ground, Rodriguez said — but she takes “impossible” as a challenge.

“Despite COVID, we’ve overcome and we have samples arriving this week from Pakistan, and next week will be from Tanzania,” she said.

The work has included 30 legal agreements, data transfer agreements and material transfer agreements, but it’s happening, she said.

“The number of times we’ve been told ‘No, this can never happen. No one’s ever done it,’ and then you do it,” she said.

“You just keep pushing and you keep pushing, and one day you look back, and it’s like, ‘This is a reality.”

Dare to shoot for the moon and then go beyond that. Never let someone tell you you aren’t good enough, you can’t, or you won’t.– Natalie Rodriguez

It’s an attitude she also carries to her passion outside of work: bowling.

Rodriguez’s husband is a competitive bowler and she took up the sport herself eight years ago. She quickly became competitive and was on a team that won a master bowling national championship a few years ago.

She also coaches, taking teams to the nationals or just showing up at Dakota Lanes on Saturday mornings for youth bowling, giving kids the skills and sometimes even the bowling shoes they need to succeed. Last year she helped launch the Manitoba Bowling School for Coach and Athlete Development.

Every year Rodriguez looks back and thinks she’s hit a pinnacle, but there’s always another year. Now, she looks forward to helping make Azad Lab even more an international hub.

Her advice for others who would like to tackle big projects and make a difference?

“Dare to dream. Dare to shoot for the moon and then go beyond that. Never let someone tell you you aren’t good enough, you can’t, or you won’t,” she said. 

“If you work hard, if you do your best, even if you don’t see it in the moment, it will lead to success in the future — so just dare to dream big. Dream big.”

Laura Burns is trying to save the Poweshiek skipperling from extinction. (Assiniboine Park Conservancy)

Laura Burns

Conservation biologist Laura Burns accompanied her partner to Manitoba from Ontario and found her dream job at the Assiniboine Park Zoo, where she’s working to save the Poweshiek skipperling, a small butterfly that’s a step away from extinction in the wild.

“This is sort of my dream come true, to work on a project like this,” said Burns, who has a master’s degree from the University of Guelph but did fieldwork for that degree in Manitoba.

The Poweshiek skipperling has a chubby, fuzzy body, yellowy-orange wings, silver streaks on its hind legs and grows to about the size of a loonie, Burns said.

It’s critically endangered internationally, only surviving in the wild in Manitoba and Michigan.

Burns is part of the team that successfully bred the species in captivity for the first time this summer.

“It had never been done before anywhere,” she said.

Burns was watching when a pair in a small mesh popup enclosure bred.

“It’s sort of anxiety-ridden, just sitting and waiting and knowing that the success of that activity might dictate the future of that species, but when they did breed, it was such a relief and so exciting,” she said.

Burns also works to educate people about bird deaths from flying into windows.

“It’s something that people across Canada can easily cope with,” she said, by putting something on their windows — drawing on them with chalk, for example, or even a bar of soap during migration season.

“Then they can wash their windows afterwards.”

Horace Luong is a chemistry professor at the University of Manitoba who teaches tai chi and ballroom dance. He is also a competitive dancer. (Horace Luong)

Horace Luong

Horace Luong has a PhD in chemistry and has won awards for his teaching at the University of Manitoba, where he is associate head of chemistry. In his spare time, he’s a competitive ballroom dancer and teaches tai chi.

He loves learning new and better techniques for teaching and seeing others grasp what he’s conveying, he said — something that applies at university but also his dance and tai chi classes.

“When it does get through … that’s a great high for me,” he told the CBC’s Shannah-Lee Vidal. “I think that’s what I like about it — the continual learning process, the ability to challenge myself and challenge others.”

He also takes his love for chemistry to people outside his university classrooms and labs, participating in programs with children such as Let’s Talk Science and inviting teachers to bring their students for his tours of the U of M chemistry department.

He is a certified ballroom dance teacher under the Canadian DanceSport Federation who competes internationally and serves as a board member with the North American Same-Sex Partner Dance Association.

“We’re all about … seeing diversity on the floor and being welcoming to diversity.”

William Turk is an eye surgeon, inventor and scientist. (Gregory Schmidt)

William Turk

Dr. William Turk is an eye surgeon, scientist and 3D printing pioneer in the medical field whose interest in the science of eyes goes back to Grade 9 at Grant Park High School in Winnipeg.

“I did a research project on developmental genes in the mouse retina with a doctor named David Eisenstat,” which was the start of what he calls a “science fair career” that included being on the national science fair team.

Turk, a graduate of the University of Winnipeg and the University of Manitoba, is also a pioneer in the use of 3D printing; a medical model he developed with plastic surgeon Dr. Christian Petropolis landed them on the front page of the Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.

The pair used those skills in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic to create the Manitoba mask, a 3D-printed protective mask that health-care workers could use if supplies of traditional protective equipment ran out.

“These are our colleagues and friends who are on the front lines, so to be able to use our skills in any way to help … it was a very rewarding thing,” he said.

Ashley Stewart-Tufescu is a registered social worker with a PhD in applied health sciences. (Janique Fortier)

Ashley Stewart-Tufescu

Ashley Stewart-Tufescu works to prevent violence against children, in Manitoba and in areas where children face extreme conditions, such as Gaza and the West Bank.

A registered social worker with a PhD in applied health sciences, Stewart-Tufescu works as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Manitoba, developing ways to promote resilience in parents and children faced with violence and adversity.

She educates community groups about non-violent parenting so they can help parents through their programs, and is collaborating on a virtual platform to support parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

She is on the board of the Mosaic Newcomer Family Resource Network and worked to develop a home-visiting program to support Syrian families arriving in Winnipeg. A former faculty member at Red River College, she helped develop the Science of Early Child Development, a free online resource that helps caregivers understand the impact of children’s early years.

Ayesha Saleem is an assistant professor at the University of Manitoba and a research scientist at the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba. (Garrick Kozier/University of Manitoba)

Ayesha Saleem

Ayesha Saleem, an assistant professor at the University of Manitoba and a research scientist at the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, studies cellular connections and how they change during aging, exercise and childhood diseases.

Saleem has a PhD in molecular physiology and was a post-doctoral fellow at McMaster University before bringing her knowledge to Manitoba.

She teaches in the faculty of kinesiology at the U of M but also takes her passion for science to younger students, doing strawberry DNA extraction experiments with elementary students and hosting students in her lab.

She also participates in Discovery Days — where kids get a chance to explore science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) outside of their classrooms.

She has trained high school students and also works to recruit and support underrepresented minorities in STEM.

Biniam Kidane is a thoracic and foregut surgeon and clinician-scientist at the University of Manitoba. (University of Manitoba)

Biniam Kidane

Dr. Biniam Kidane, a thoracic and foregut surgeon and clinician-scientist at the University of Manitoba, has established endoscopic techniques in Manitoba that allow doctors to cure stomach and esophageal conditions without any incisions.

The techniques he established have been used to cure patients of cancer and treat patients whose conditions cause difficulty eating.

His research focuses on improving the care and quality of life for patients through better outcomes and less-invasive treatment.

He is also an assistant professor of surgery who works to improve representation and diversity in medicine.

He recently won the Aubie Angel Young Investigator Award in Clinical Research, a University of Manitoba award for young faculty members whose research has brought national and international attention.

Jennifer Hensel is a psychiatrist who has pioneered the use of e-health tools to deliver and co-ordinate care. (Submitted by James Bolton)

Jennifer Hensel

Dr. Jennifer Hensel has revolutionized the delivery of mental health care in Manitoba, says Dr. James Bolton, who nominated her for the Future 40 award.

A psychiatrist who trained at the University of Toronto, Hensel has pioneered the use of e-health tools to deliver and co-ordinate care.

An assistant professor at the University of Manitoba’s Max Rady College of Medicine and a psychologist at Health Sciences Centre, Hensel is also the provincial lead and an expert in virtual mental health care, which allows patients to receive care in the comfort of their own homes, including people in remote Manitoba communities.

She has authored dozens of published scientific papers and received more than $1 million in research grants and awards, including leading a study on the mental health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Natashalee Thompson’s research focuses on shifting from punitive to positive school-based discipline. (Rurian Morgan)

Natashalee Thompson

Natashalee Thompson is an educator who came from Jamaica for her master’s studies in educational leadership and administration at Brandon University.

Thompson’s research focuses on shifting from punitive to positive school-based discipline.

In her research, she found punitive measures enabled by provincial legislation, such as suspensions, do not fix problems or improve behaviour, but instead negatively affect students.

Thompson is pursuing studies at the doctoral level and hopes to contribute to positive school policy in Manitoba that is rooted in inclusion.

Tammy Wolfe’s master’s studies focus on the effects of colonialism on Indigenous women in Canada. (Roy Sabay Photography)

Tammy G Wolfe

Tammy G Wolfe, a teacher studying Indigenous governance at the University of Winnipeg, also runs a consulting service that helps businesses that want to respond to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s calls to action and integrate Indigenous perspectives into the workplace.

A member of Norway House Cree Nation, her master’s studies focus on the effects of colonialism on Indigenous women in Canada. Missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls and two-spirit people are a particular focus for Wolfe, whose mother died when she was 18.

As a teacher, she is passionate about educating people about social justice issues that affect Indigenous people in Canada. Her goal is to teach future leaders and help lead them to places where they can make social change.

As a volunteer, she hosts a radio show called Truth Before Reconciliation on CKUW, and sits on the community advisory board for homelessness in Winnipeg.

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Cancer Awareness Month – Métis Nation of Alberta

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Cancer Awareness Month

Posted on: Apr 18, 2024

April is Cancer Awareness Month

As we recognize Cancer Awareness Month, we stand together to raise awareness, support those affected, advocate for prevention, early detection, and continued research towards a cure. Cancer is the leading cause of death for Métis women and the second leading cause of death for Métis men. The Otipemisiwak Métis Government of the Métis Nation Within Alberta is working hard to ensure that available supports for Métis Citizens battling cancer are culturally appropriate, comprehensive, and accessible by Métis Albertans at all stages of their cancer journey.

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Receiving a cancer diagnosis, whether for yourself or a loved one, can feel overwhelming, leaving you unsure of where to turn for support. In June, our government will be launching the Cancer Supports and Navigation Program which will further support Métis Albertans and their families experiencing cancer by connecting them to OMG-specific cancer resources, external resources, and providing navigation support through the health care system. This program will also include Métis-specific peer support groups for those affected by cancer.

With funding from the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC) we have also developed the Métis Cancer Care Course to ensure that Métis Albertans have access to culturally safe and appropriate cancer services. This course is available to cancer care professionals across the country and provides an overview of who Métis people are, our culture, our approaches to health and wellbeing, our experiences with cancer care, and our cancer journey.

Together, we can make a difference in the fight against cancer and ensure equitable access to culturally safe and appropriate care for all Métis Albertans. Please click on the links below to learn more about the supports available for Métis Albertans, including our Compassionate Care: Cancer Transportation program.

I wish you all good health and happiness!

Bobbi Paul-Alook
Secretary of Health & Seniors

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Type 2 diabetes is not one-size-fits-all: Subtypes affect complications and treatment options – The Conversation

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You may have heard of Ozempic, the “miracle drug” for weight loss, but did you know that it was actually designed as a new treatment to manage diabetes? In Canada, diabetes affects approximately 10 per cent of the general population. Of those cases, 90 per cent have Type 2 diabetes.

This metabolic disorder is characterized by persistent high blood sugar levels, which can be accompanied by secondary health challenges, including a higher risk of stroke and kidney disease.

Locks and keys

In Type 2 diabetes, the body struggles to maintain blood sugar levels in an acceptable range. Every cell in the body needs sugar as an energy source, but too much sugar can be toxic to cells. This equilibrium needs to be tightly controlled and is regulated by a lock and key system.

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In the body’s attempt to manage blood sugar levels and ensure that cells receive the right amount of energy, the pancreatic hormone, insulin, functions like a key. Cells cover themselves with locks that respond perfectly to insulin keys to facilitate the entry of sugar into cells.

Unfortunately, this lock and key system doesn’t always perform as expected. The body can encounter difficulties producing an adequate number of insulin keys, and/or the locks can become stubborn and unresponsive to insulin.

All forms of diabetes share the challenge of high blood sugar levels; however, diabetes is not a singular condition; it exists as a spectrum. Although diabetes is broadly categorized into two main types, Type 1 and Type 2, each presents a diversity of subtypes, especially Type 2 diabetes.

These subtypes carry their own characteristics and risks, and do not respond uniformly to the same treatments.

To better serve people living with Type 2 diabetes, and to move away from a “one size fits all” approach, it is beneficial to understand which subtype of Type 2 diabetes a person lives with. When someone needs a blood transfusion, the medical team needs to know the patient’s blood type. It should be the same for diabetes so a tailored and effective game plan can be implemented.

This article explores four unique subtypes of Type 2 diabetes, shedding light on their causes, complications and some of their specific treatment avenues.

Severe insulin-deficient diabetes: We’re missing keys!

In severe insulin-deficient diabetes, beta cells limit production of the keys that unlock cells to allow entry of sugar from the blood.
(Lili Grieco-St-Pierre, Jennifer Bruin/Created with BioRender.com)

Insulin is produced by beta cells, which are found in the pancreas. In the severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD) subtype, the key factories — the beta cells — are on strike. Ultimately, there are fewer keys in the body to unlock the cells and allow entry of sugar from the blood.

SIDD primarily affects younger, leaner individuals, and unfortunately, increases the risk of eye disease and blindness, among other complications. Why the beta cells go on strike remains largely unknown, but since there is an insulin deficiency, treatment often involves insulin injections.

Severe insulin-resistant diabetes: But it’s always locked!

A diagram of three closed locks and lots of keys

In severe insulin-resistant diabetes, the locks start ignoring the keys, triggering the beta cells to produce even more keys to compensate.
(Lili Grieco-St-Pierre, Jennifer Bruin/Created with BioRender.com)

In the severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD) subtype, the locks are overstimulated and start ignoring the keys. As a result, the beta cells produce even more keys to compensate. This can be measured as high levels of insulin in the blood, also known as hyperinsulinemia.

This resistance to insulin is particularly prominent in individuals with higher body weight. Patients with SIRD have an increased risk of complications such as fatty liver disease. There are many treatment avenues for these patients but no consensus about the optimal approach; patients often require high doses of insulin.

Mild obesity-related diabetes: The locks are sticky!

Illustration of a lock and key

In mild obesity-related diabetes, the locks are ‘sticky,’ making it difficult for the keys to open the locks.
(Lili Grieco-St-Pierre, Jennifer Bruin/Created with BioRender.com)

Mild obesity-related (MOD) diabetes represents a nuanced aspect of Type 2 diabetes, often observed in individuals with higher body weight. Unlike more severe subtypes, MOD is characterized by a more measured response to insulin. The locks are “sticky,” so it is challenging for the key to click in place and open the lock. While MOD is connected to body weight, the comparatively less severe nature of MOD distinguishes it from other diabetes subtypes.

To minimize complications, treatment should include maintaining a healthy diet, managing body weight, and incorporating as much aerobic exercise as possible. This is where drugs like Ozempic can be prescribed to control the evolution of the disease, in part by managing body weight.

Mild age-related diabetes: I’m tired of controlling blood sugar!

Illustration of a lock and a beta cell

In people with mild age-related diabetes, both the locks and the beta cells that produce keys are tired, resulting in fewer keys and stubborn locks.
(Lili Grieco-St-Pierre, Jennifer Bruin/Created with BioRender.com)

Mild age-related diabetes (MARD) happens more often in older people and typically starts later in life. With time, the key factory is not as productive, and the locks become stubborn. People with MARD find it tricky to manage their blood sugar, but it usually doesn’t lead to severe complications.

Among the different subtypes of diabetes, MARD is the most common.

Unique locks, varied keys

While efforts have been made to classify diabetes subtypes, new subtypes are still being identified, making proper clinical assessment and treatment plans challenging.

In Canada, unique cases of Type 2 diabetes were identified in Indigenous children from Northern Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario by Dr. Heather Dean and colleagues in the 1980s and 90s. Despite initial skepticism from the scientific community, which typically associated Type 2 diabetes with adults rather than children, clinical teams persisted in identifying this as a distinct subtype of Type 2 diabetes, called childhood-onset Type 2 diabetes.




Read more:
Indigenous community research partnerships can help address health inequities


Childhood-onset Type 2 diabetes is on the rise across Canada, but disproportionately affects Indigenous youth. It is undoubtedly linked to the intergenerational trauma associated with colonization in these communities. While many factors are likely involved, recent studies have discovered that exposure of a fetus to Type 2 diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk that the baby will develop diabetes later in life.

Acknowledging this distinct subtype of Type 2 diabetes in First Nations communities has led to the implementation of a community-based health action plan aimed at addressing the unique challenges faced by Indigenous Peoples. It is hoped that partnered research between communities and researchers will continue to help us understand childhood-onset Type 2 diabetes and how to effectively prevent and treat it.

A mosaic of conditions

Illustration of different subtypes of Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a mosaic of conditions, each with its own characteristics.
(Lili Grieco-St-Pierre, Jennifer Bruin/Created with BioRender.com)

Type 2 diabetes is not uniform; it’s a mosaic of conditions, each with its own characteristics. Since diabetes presents so uniquely in every patient, even categorizing into subtypes does not guarantee how the disease will evolve. However, understanding these subtypes is a good starting point to help doctors create personalized plans for people living with the condition.

While Indigenous communities, lower-income households and individuals living with obesity already face a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes than the general population, tailored solutions may offer hope for better management. This emphasizes the urgent need for more precise assessments of diabetes subtypes to help customize therapeutic strategies and management strategies. This will improve care for all patients, including those from vulnerable and understudied populations.

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Quebec successfully pushes back against rise in measles cases – CBC.ca

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Quebec appears to be winning its battle against the rising tide of measles after 45 cases were confirmed province-wide this year.

“We’ve had no locally transmitted measles cases since March 25, so that’s good news,” said Dr. Paul Le Guerrier, responsible for immunization for Montreal Public Health.

There are 17 patients with measles in Quebec currently, and the most recent case is somebody who was infected while abroad, he said.

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But it was no small task to get to this point. 

Le Guerrier said once local transmission was detected, news was spread fast among health centres to ensure proper protocols were followed — such as not letting potentially infected people sit in waiting rooms for hours on end.

Then about 90 staffers were put to work, tracking down those who were in contact with positive cases and are not properly vaccinated. They were given post-exposure prophylaxis, which prevents disease, said Le Guerrier.

From there, a vaccination campaign was launched, especially in daycares, schools and neighbourhoods with low inoculation rates. There was an effort to convince parents to get their children vaccinated.

Vaccination in schools boosted

Some schools, mostly in Montreal, had vaccination rates as low as 30 or 40 per cent.

“Vaccination was well accepted and parents responded well,” said Le Guerrier. “Some schools went from very low to as high as 85 to 90 per cent vaccination coverage.”

But it’s not only children who aren’t properly vaccinated. Le Guerrier said people need two doses after age one to be fully inoculated, and he encouraged people to check their status.

There are all kinds of reasons why people aren’t vaccinated, but it’s only about five per cent who are against immunization, he said. So far, some 10,000 people have been vaccinated against measles province-wide during this campaign, Le Guerrier said. 

The next step is to continue pushing for further vaccination, but he said, small outbreaks are likely in the future as measles is spreading abroad and travellers are likely to bring it back with them.

Need to improve vaccination rate, expert says

Dr. Donald Vinh, an infectious diseases specialist from the McGill University Health Centre, said it’s not time to rest on our laurels, but this is a good indication that public health is able to take action quickly and that people are willing to listen to health recommendations.

“We are not seeing new cases or at least the new cases are not exceeding the number of cases that we can handle,” said Vinh.

“So these are all reassuring signs, but I don’t think it’s a sign that we need to become complacent.”

Vinh said there are also signs that the public is lagging in vaccine coverage and it’s important to respond to this with improved education and access. Otherwise, microbes capitalize on our weaknesses, he said. 

Getting vaccination coverage up to an adequate level is necessary, Vinh said, or more small outbreaks like this will continue to happen.

“And it’s very possible that we may not be able to get one under control if we don’t react quickly enough,” he said.

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