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Interest-free, but not without charges: Islamic mortgages hit the Canadian housing market

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For Abdullah Mohiuddin, getting into the housing market involves more than just locating the right home for the right price.

Like many other Muslims, Mohiuddin’s religious beliefs include restrictions on paying and receiving interest. Given that a typical Canadian mortgage includes interest charges, this has added an additional challenge to his quest to stop renting and move into a house he owns.

“Even if the interest is very low, even if the interest rate is like 0.1 per cent, if it’s more than zero per cent, then we cannot deal with conventional banks,” said Mohiuddin.

While he has been searching for months, new options have begun to emerge in the Canadian mortgage market that could suit Mohiuddin’s needs.

Abdullah Mohiuddin can’t buy a house in Edmonton until he can locate a religiously appropriate mortgage. (Peter Evans/CBC)

Several companies in various Canadian provinces are slowly beginning to offer Islamic, or “halal” mortgages. Halal is an Arabic term that translates to “permitted” or “allowed” in English. These mortgages are deliberately structured to adhere to both Canadian law and the belief systems of many Muslims.

No interest, but you still pay

Financial products that avoid “riba,” or interest, are not free of charge just because they are free of finance charges.

Muslims looking for a halal mortgage are still going to be paying carrying costs to a financial institution for a loan to purchase their home.

“When people in Canada, in the United States heard that Islamic finance forbids interest, we in the West automatically assumed that money was for free,” explained Walid Hejazi, associate professor of economic analysis and policy at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management.

That is not the case, says Hejazi, whose research has focused on Islamic finance products.

“People that get Islamic mortgages still pay a comparable amount that you would pay if you got a conventional mortgage. It’s just that the structure of these mortgages are different,” he said.

Walid Hejazi is an expert in Islamic finance at the University of Toronto, and points out that interest-free mortgages are not free of charges. (Chris Mulligan/CBC)

According to halal mortgage providers, structural differences can include the source of the loaned money, as well as legal differences. Some mortgages more closely resemble a “rent-to-own” system, where the mortgage provider is also an owner of the home. There are also legal structures where fees are charged instead of standard interest payments.

Even though halal mortgages still end up costing money just like a conventional mortgage, the way those charges are structured makes a big difference, according to experts such as Hejazi.

“Many people will look at Islamic finance and say, instead of paying interest, you’re paying profits, so really it’s the same thing. And I think that’s disingenuous. …  How you get to the outcome really matters, and there’s many, many religions where this is the case,” he said.

Harder to source money — so they’re often more expensive

Companies such as Oakville, Ont.-based Eqraz are just beginning to offer halal mortgages. Founder Zuhair Naqvi said with almost no marketing, his company is already seeing high demand.

Naqvi immigrated to Canada from Qatar in 2020, but had been working on launching Islamic financing in Canada for years before that.

“Canada is about 20 years behind on Islamic finance compared to other developed countries like the U.S. and U.K.,” said Naqvi.

Zuhair Naqvi is the founder of Eqraz, an Islamic mortgage provider in Ontario. (James Dunne/CBC)

As the market for Islamic finance is less developed in Canada, Naqvi said, finding halal and religiously acceptable sources of funding to lend out for mortgages has been difficult. This can mean costs are higher as funds are more scarce.

On top of this, there are additional administrative costs that must be spread across a smaller client base.

“We have to add a 1.5 per cent margin to cover our costs, so effectively, that makes our mortgage about four per cent more expensive than the RBC or Scotiabank five-year mortgage, as an example,” he said.

Higher risk for now, but that could change

The Edmonton-based Canadian Halal Financial Corporation is also offering halal mortgages. Co-founder Thomas Lukaszuk pointed out that the risk can be higher to lenders.

According to Lukaszuk, his company cannot foreclose on a home due to Islamic restrictions. This can mean higher charges to mitigate that financial chance.

“The risk is higher, hence the cost is higher … and we’re also dealing with a much smaller critical mass,” said Lukaszuk.

That critical mass of customers is smaller but it’s not unsubstantial.

According to Statistics Canada, out of more than 1.7 million Muslims, more than 800,000 live in a “tenant-occupied dwelling” rather than owning the home they live in.

For companies like Canadian Halal Financial Corporation or Eqraz, that represents a sizable target market.

Naqvi believes costs will go down as the business of halal mortgages grows, because to him, a larger pool of customers means a lower risk of default for lenders.

“With time, the bank and whoever funds Eqraz, or other Islamic companies, they will realize that the risk is not as high as they are calculating it to be, and the cost of the funding will therefore go down,” said Naqvi.

Established structures are still difficult to get through

Both Lukaszuk and Naqvi pointed out challenges around regulation and insurance in Canada.

Many mortgage insurance providers do not insure Islamic mortgages as a rule, because the legal structures can be different depending on the provider.

While a 2010 report for the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation said Islamic financial products should not “present any particular difficulties” under Canadian accounting standards, years later they are still far from widespread and there are legal issues that come into play such as who is registered on land titles, and whether a rent-to-own contract is subject to landlord and tenant legislation in various provinces.

Hundreds of thousands of Muslims are renters, according to Statistics Canada, and those who wish to move from renting to owning are the target market for halal mortgage companies such as Eqraz. (Ben Nelms/CBC)

“Another big challenge within Canada is the regulatory environment makes it more difficult to issue an Islamic mortgage relative to a conventional mortgage,” confirmed Hejazi.

Breaking into Canada’s financial circles presented yet another challenge for Naqvi.

“It was a people challenge as an outsider, as a new entrant to Canada, as a Muslim, to break into the circles of Bay Street in Toronto,” explained Naqvi.

“It took me more than two years to get the trust and acceptance of the people that are there,” he said.

Mohiuddin is ramping up his search for a home, now that there are more Islamic mortgage providers in Canada. (Peter Evans/CBC)

The Islamic mortgage market is developed enough, however, for Mohiuddin to prepare to enter the market himself. With several Islamic mortgage providers across the country, he’s more comfortable financing a home.

“I think I’m already looking at the houses in the market and if there is an opportunity, I think I will be putting out offers in a month or so,” said Mohiuddin.

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Telus prioritizing ‘most important customers,’ avoiding ‘unprofitable’ offers: CFO

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Telus Corp. says it is avoiding offering “unprofitable” discounts as fierce competition in the Canadian telecommunications sector shows no sign of slowing down.

The company said Friday it had fewer net new customers during its third quarter compared with the same time last year, as it copes with increasingly “aggressive marketing and promotional pricing” that is prompting more customers to switch providers.

Telus said it added 347,000 net new customers, down around 14.5 per cent compared with last year. The figure includes 130,000 mobile phone subscribers and 34,000 internet customers, down 30,000 and 3,000, respectively, year-over-year.

The company reported its mobile phone churn rate — a metric measuring subscribers who cancelled their services — was 1.09 per cent in the third quarter, up from 1.03 per cent in the third quarter of 2023. That included a postpaid mobile phone churn rate of 0.90 per cent in its latest quarter.

Telus said its focus is on customer retention through its “industry-leading service and network quality, along with successful promotions and bundled offerings.”

“The customers we have are the most important customers we can get,” said chief financial officer Doug French in an interview.

“We’ve, again, just continued to focus on what matters most to our customers, from a product and customer service perspective, while not loading unprofitable customers.”

Meanwhile, Telus reported its net income attributable to common shares more than doubled during its third quarter.

The telecommunications company said it earned $280 million, up 105.9 per cent from the same three-month period in 2023. Earnings per diluted share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 was 19 cents compared with nine cents a year earlier.

It reported adjusted net income was $413 million, up 10.7 per cent year-over-year from $373 million in the same quarter last year. Operating revenue and other income for the quarter was $5.1 billion, up 1.8 per cent from the previous year.

Mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.85 in the third quarter, a decrease of $2.09 or 3.4 per cent from a year ago. Telus said the drop was attributable to customers signing up for base rate plans with lower prices, along with a decline in overage and roaming revenues.

It said customers are increasingly adopting unlimited data and Canada-U.S. plans which provide higher and more stable ARPU on a monthly basis.

“In a tough operating environment and relative to peers, we view Q3 results that were in line to slightly better than forecast as the best of the bunch,” said RBC analyst Drew McReynolds in a note.

Scotiabank analyst Maher Yaghi added that “the telecom industry in Canada remains very challenging for all players, however, Telus has been able to face these pressures” and still deliver growth.

The Big 3 telecom providers — which also include Rogers Communications Inc. and BCE Inc. — have frequently stressed that the market has grown more competitive in recent years, especially after the closing of Quebecor Inc.’s purchase of Freedom Mobile in April 2023.

Hailed as a fourth national carrier, Quebecor has invested in enhancements to Freedom’s network while offering more affordable plans as part of a set of commitments it was mandated by Ottawa to agree to.

The cost of telephone services in September was down eight per cent compared with a year earlier, according to Statistics Canada’s most recent inflation report last month.

“I think competition has been and continues to be, I’d say, quite intense in Canada, and we’ve obviously had to just manage our business the way we see fit,” said French.

Asked how long that environment could last, he said that’s out of Telus’ hands.

“What I can control, though, is how we go to market and how we lead with our products,” he said.

“I think the conditions within the market will have to adjust accordingly over time. We’ve continued to focus on digitization, continued to bring our cost structure down to compete, irrespective of the price and the current market conditions.”

Still, Canada’s telecom regulator continues to warn providers about customers facing more charges on their cellphone and internet bills.

On Tuesday, CRTC vice-president of consumer, analytics and strategy Scott Hutton called on providers to ensure they clearly inform their customers of charges such as early cancellation fees.

That followed statements from the regulator in recent weeks cautioning against rising international roaming fees and “surprise” price increases being found on their bills.

Hutton said the CRTC plans to launch public consultations in the coming weeks that will focus “on ensuring that information is clear and consistent, making it easier to compare offers and switch services or providers.”

“The CRTC is concerned with recent trends, which suggest that Canadians may not be benefiting from the full protections of our codes,” he said.

“We will continue to monitor developments and will take further action if our codes are not being followed.”

French said any initiative to boost transparency is a step in the right direction.

“I can’t say we are perfect across the board, but what I can say is we are absolutely taking it under consideration and trying to be the best at communicating with our customers,” he said.

“I think everyone looking in the mirror would say there’s room for improvement.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:T)

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TC Energy cuts cost estimate for Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico

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CALGARY – TC Energy Corp. has lowered the estimated cost of its Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico.

It says it now expects the project to cost between US$3.9 billion and US$4.1 billion compared with its original estimate of US$4.5 billion.

The change came as the company reported a third-quarter profit attributable to common shareholders of C$1.46 billion or $1.40 per share compared with a loss of C$197 million or 19 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

Revenue for the quarter ended Sept. 30 totalled C$4.08 billion, up from C$3.94 billion in the third quarter of 2023.

TC Energy says its comparable earnings for its latest quarter amounted to C$1.03 per share compared with C$1.00 per share a year earlier.

The average analyst estimate had been for a profit of 95 cents per share, according to LSEG Data & Analytics.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:TRP)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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BCE reports Q3 loss on asset impairment charge, cuts revenue guidance

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BCE Inc. reported a loss in its latest quarter as it recorded $2.11 billion in asset impairment charges, mainly related to Bell Media’s TV and radio properties.

The company says its net loss attributable to common shareholders amounted to $1.24 billion or $1.36 per share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 compared with a profit of $640 million or 70 cents per share a year earlier.

On an adjusted basis, BCE says it earned 75 cents per share in its latest quarter compared with an adjusted profit of 81 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

“Bell’s results for the third quarter demonstrate that we are disciplined in our pursuit of profitable growth in an intensely competitive environment,” BCE chief executive Mirko Bibic said in a statement.

“Our focus this quarter, and throughout 2024, has been to attract higher-margin subscribers and reduce costs to help offset short-term revenue impacts from sustained competitive pricing pressures, slow economic growth and a media advertising market that is in transition.”

Operating revenue for the quarter totalled $5.97 billion, down from $6.08 billion in its third quarter of 2023.

BCE also said it now expects its revenue for 2024 to fall about 1.5 per cent compared with earlier guidance for an increase of zero to four per cent.

The company says the change comes as it faces lower-than-anticipated wireless product revenue and sustained pressure on wireless prices.

BCE added 33,111 net postpaid mobile phone subscribers, down 76.8 per cent from the same period last year, which was the company’s second-best performance on the metric since 2010.

It says the drop was driven by higher customer churn — a measure of subscribers who cancelled their service — amid greater competitive activity and promotional offer intensity. BCE’s monthly churn rate for the category was 1.28 per cent, up from 1.1 per cent during its previous third quarter.

The company also saw 11.6 per cent fewer gross subscriber activations “due to more targeted promotional offers and mobile device discounting compared to last year.”

Bell’s wireless mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.26, down 3.4 per cent from $60.28 in the third quarter of the prior year.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:BCE)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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