Internalized racism, a phenomenon where individuals unconsciously absorb and perpetuate racist ideas and attitudes toward their own racial group, is an insidious problem that continues to impact many Black Canadians and Indigenous people. In a society shaped by centuries of colonialism, discrimination, and systemic inequality, internalized racism festers quietly within marginalized communities, influencing self-perception, interactions, and opportunities. In Canada, the effects of this issue are profound, though the conversation around it often remains muted. Black Canadians and Indigenous people confront this legacy daily, and it is crucial to understand how internalized racism manifests, the psychological toll it takes, and how it perpetuates broader societal inequities.
In this exploration of internalized racism in Canada, we delve into the stories of Black Canadians and Indigenous individuals who have grappled with its impacts. Through their voices, we examine how internalized racism shapes identity, access to opportunities, and personal well-being.
The Roots of Internalized Racism in Canada
Colonialism and systemic racism have deeply influenced Canada’s social fabric. Policies like the Indian Residential Schools and the enforcement of racial segregation have left long-lasting scars on the psyche of Indigenous peoples and Black Canadians alike. Generations of oppression and marginalization have fostered a sense of inferiority, resulting in many people of colour internalizing negative stereotypes about themselves and their communities.
David Miller, a professor of Indigenous studies in Manitoba, explains: “Internalized racism stems from centuries of being told, both overtly and subtly, that we are less valuable, less intelligent, and less capable. The cumulative effect is devastating—it creates a cycle where individuals from marginalized groups come to believe these things themselves.”
For Black Canadians, these ideas of inferiority can take root early, affecting their self-worth, self-esteem, and aspirations. Tiffany, a 28-year-old Black woman from Toronto, recalls experiencing the impact of internalized racism as a child: “Growing up, I’d often hear things like ‘you’re pretty for a Black girl,’ or people would make fun of my hair. I started to feel like I had to change myself to fit in, like my natural hair wasn’t good enough or that I needed to act a certain way to be accepted.”
How Internalized Racism Manifests
Internalized racism manifests in various ways, from self-hate to the rejection of one’s cultural identity. One of the most pervasive forms is the desire to distance oneself from one’s own community or culture, a reflection of the belief that mainstream (often white) society is inherently better. Many Black Canadians and Indigenous people find themselves battling feelings of inadequacy as they navigate spaces dominated by whiteness, leading to the suppression of their own cultural expressions.
Jamal, a 34-year-old entrepreneur from Montreal, shares how this internal struggle impacted his professional journey: “When I started my business, I tried to make myself and my brand as neutral as possible. I thought that if I showed too much of my Black identity, it would drive customers away. I was so worried about being labelled as ‘just another Black business’ that I didn’t realize I was erasing a part of myself in the process.”
Internalized racism also affects social relationships within marginalized communities. There can be a hierarchy based on skin tone, where lighter-skinned individuals are viewed more favourably, while darker-skinned people face additional discrimination. This phenomenon, known as colorism, is another byproduct of colonialism and white supremacy.
Monique, a 40-year-old mother of two from Vancouver, explains how colorism impacted her upbringing: “I have a darker complexion, and growing up, I remember being teased for it, even by other Black kids. People would call me names or make comments about how I wasn’t ‘pretty enough’ because of my skin. It was hurtful, but over time, I started to believe those things about myself.”
The Psychological Toll of Internalized Racism
The psychological toll of internalized racism can be profound. It often leads to feelings of shame, inadequacy, and hopelessness, which can manifest as depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. The constant internal battle to navigate a society that devalues one’s identity can lead to a diminished sense of self-worth and an internal conflict that erodes confidence and well-being.
Dr. Simone Richardson, a clinical psychologist in Toronto who specializes in working with marginalized communities, says: “The emotional and psychological impact of internalized racism is often underestimated. People who experience it can feel isolated, misunderstood, and powerless. They are constantly navigating a system that doesn’t see them or value them, and that can lead to a deep sense of hopelessness.”
Black Canadians and Indigenous people also face the burden of code-switching—altering their behaviour, speech, and appearance to conform to dominant norms in order to avoid discrimination. This can cause emotional exhaustion and further exacerbate the feelings of alienation and self-rejection.
Breaking the Cycle
Breaking the cycle of internalized racism requires an intentional, multifaceted approach. Education, self-awareness, and community empowerment are crucial components in addressing the issue. Encouraging open discussions about internalized racism within marginalized communities is a critical step toward healing.
Jada, a 26-year-old Indigenous woman from Saskatchewan, found solace in reconnecting with her culture: “For a long time, I felt like I had to hide who I was. I didn’t want to stand out or be ‘too Indigenous.’ But as I’ve gotten older, I’ve started to embrace my culture more and connect with others in my community. It’s been empowering to reclaim my identity and reject those negative ideas that were pushed on me.”
Efforts to address internalized racism must also include systemic changes that create equitable opportunities for marginalized groups. Institutions, including schools and workplaces, must work to dismantle policies and practices that perpetuate discrimination. Representation matters—seeing people of colour in positions of power and influence helps counter negative stereotypes and reinforces the value of diversity.
Programs that encourage mentorship, community-building, and cultural pride are essential in fostering resilience and self-confidence among marginalized groups. Empowering Black Canadians and Indigenous people to reclaim their identities and reject harmful stereotypes is a critical step in addressing the long-lasting effects of internalized racism.
Toward a More Inclusive Canada
Internalized racism is a deeply ingrained issue in Canada, affecting Black Canadians, Indigenous people, and other racialized communities. While the impacts are profound, they are not insurmountable. By fostering open conversations, addressing systemic inequalities, and empowering marginalized communities to embrace their identities, Canada can take steps toward breaking the cycle of internalized racism.
For individuals like Jamal, Tiffany, and Jada, the journey toward self-acceptance is ongoing. “It’s a constant process of unlearning,” Tiffany says. “But as we come together, support each other, and challenge these harmful ideas, we can begin to heal.”
Internalized racism may be a silent force, but with collective effort, it can be confronted and dismantled, paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable future for all Canadians.
