As economies worldwide attempt to recover from the COVID-19 crisis, many investors may feel unsure of what to do. At the time of writing, a 10-year Government of Canada bond yields only 0.3% and interest rates are near 0%.
Given this, where can investors turn and what are some strategies to consider? One opportunity is private debt (PD), can potentially yield 5-8%.
Regulatory changes have forced banks to scale back their lending, creating a void and an opportunity for other lenders to attain attractive returns. Private debts are privately negotiated loans to companies or individuals with a comprehensive set of covenants (terms and conditions) that typically have penalties and remedies should non-compliance occur.
1. Lenders tend to rely on a variety of risk controls through covenants, collateral and a direct relationship with the borrower. Often, frequent detailed and timely reporting is required to monitor performance. Lower default rates historically due to strong covenants and other safeguards.
2. A higher yield than offered by similarly rated public debt to compensate for illiquidity.
3. Most private debts are not priced daily, which can result in lower correlation and volatility compared to stocks and bonds as it does not zigzag at the same time.
4. Most loans are between one and three years and do not carry as much interest rate risk when compared to a traditional bond fund ,which is closer to seven years’ duration.
5. Many investors believe private debt is represented by distressed debt and high yield bonds which are relatively risky when compared to public investment grade bonds. However, in 2016, the American Society of Actuaries concluded that PD exhibits lower losses than public bonds.
1. Loans tend to be illiquid as they do not trade daily. Redeeming investors often have to wait between three and 12 months to get their capital back. In times where liquidity is reduced, investments may trade at a significant discount as fewer buyers may exist.
2. Despite the fact most PD loans have security or collateral, these investments are not 100% guaranteed and there can be a wide variance in risk between strategies. Some of the key variables to consider are the 5Cs of credit: character (credit history/bureau), capacity (ability to repay), capital (down payment), collateral (property, inventory, equipment, etc.) and conditions (rates, terms, etc.).
3. There can be a lack of transparency because these companies may not list on exchanges and they are not regulated in the same way and not required to publicly disclose all their business dealings.
4. Because there is wide dispersion between the risk and returns of each strategy, it is best to work with an experienced firm that has been through various economic cycles and has boots on the ground.

Although mostly an institutional investor base (pension funds, foundations, insurance companies and endowments), new structures are providing greater access to retail investors. These types of investments are typically available to accredited investors that need to meet a certain level of income, net worth or investable assets. We consider private debt an alternative to income or bond strategies.
We believe private debt with yields between 5% and 8% have many benefits, as well as considerable risks, but overall is under-utilized. Carefully selected PD can enhance diversification and smooth returns. Because many investors prefer liquidity, we encourage other parts of their portfolio remain accessible.
We encourage investors to consult an experienced team that specializes in the alternative and private debt space.
Until next time, Invest Well. Live Well.
Written by Eric Davis. This document was prepared by Eric Davis, vice-president, portfolio manager and investment advisor, and Keith Davis, investment advisor, for informational purposes only and is subject to change. The contents of this document are not endorsed by TD Wealth Private Investment Advice, a division of TD Waterhouse Canada Inc.-Member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund. All insurance products and services are offered by life licensed advisors of TD Waterhouse Insurance Services Inc., a member of TD Bank Group. For more information, call 250-314-5124 or email Keith.davis@td.com.
Former chief executive officer of RBC Dominion Securities Tony Fell is campaigning to require the Canadian financial industry to account for inflation in how it reports investment returns.Neville Elder/Handout
While the average Canadian is fixated on the price of gasoline and groceries, inflation may be quietly killing their investment returns.
Compounded across many years, even modest inflation can deal a powerful blow to a standard investment portfolio. And investors commonly underappreciate the threat.
But a legend of the Canadian investment banking industry is trying to change that.
Tony Fell, the former chief executive officer of RBC Dominion Securities, is campaigning to require the Canadian financial industry to account for inflation in how it reports investment returns.
“I think they will find this very hard to argue against,” he said in an interview. “It’s a matter of transparency and reporting integrity. But that doesn’t mean it will happen.”
Mr. Fell made his case in a recent letter to the Ontario Securities Commission, arguing that Canadian investors are being misled. He has not yet received a response from the regulator.
Canadians with an investment account receive a statement at least once a year detailing how their investments have performed. For the most part, rates of return are calculated on a nominal basis, meaning they have no inflation component factored in.
A real return, on the other hand, accounts for the hit to purchasing power from rising consumer prices.
These figures, Mr. Fell argues, would give investors a clearer picture of how much they have gained from a given investment.
And since Statistics Canada calculates inflation on a monthly basis, the investment industry would already have access to the data it needs to make the switch to real returns. It would be very little trouble and no extra cost, Mr. Fell said.
Still, he said he expects the investment industry will resist his proposal. “The mutual-fund lobby is so strong, and nobody wants to rock the boat too much.”
He points to the battle to inform Canadians of the investment fees they pay. For 30 years, investor advocates have been pushing for improvements to disclosure.
One major set of regulatory changes, which took effect in 2016, required financial companies to disclose how much clients paid for financial advice.
But the reforms left out one major component of mutual-fund fees. The cost of advice is there, but many investors still don’t see how much they pay in fund-management fees, which amount to billions of dollars paid by Canadians each year.
Total cost reporting, which should finally close the fee-disclosure gap, is set to come into effect in 2026. “It’s outrageous,” Mr. Fell said. “That should have been done years ago.”
So, it’s hard to imagine the industry warmly receiving his proposal, or the regulators enthusiastically pushing for its consideration.
The OSC said it agrees that retail investors need to be attuned to the effects of inflation, which is where investment advisers come in. “Professional advice requires an assessment of risk tolerance and risk appetite in order for an adviser to know their client, including the effect of the cost of living on achieving their financial objectives,” OSC spokesman Andy McNair-West said in an e-mail.
And yet, Mr. Fell said, the need exists for more formal reporting of inflation-adjusted performance.
Inflation often goes overlooked by the industry and investors alike. It can be seen in the celebration of stock indexes at all-time nominal highs, which wouldn’t look so great if inflation were factored in.
The inflationary extremes of the 1970s provide a stark illustration. In 1979, the S&P 500 index posted a total return of 18.5 per cent – a blockbuster year until you consider that inflation was 13.3 per cent.
That took the index’s real return down to a lacklustre 5.2 per cent.
More recently, investors in Canada and the United States piled into savings instruments promising 5-per-cent nominal rates of return. But the rate of inflation in Canada averaged 6.8 per cent in 2022, more than wiping out the return on things such as guaranteed investment certificates, in most cases.
“A lot of people don’t connect those dots,” said Dan Hallett, head of research at HighView Financial Group. “Over 10 years, even 2-per-cent inflation really eats away at purchasing power.”
He worries, however, that reporting after-inflation returns may confuse average investors, many of whom still fail to understand the basic investment fees they’re paying.
All the more reason to get Canadian investors thinking more about inflation, Mr. Fell argues.
“The impact of inflation on investing is sort of forgotten about,” he said. “The only way I can think of turning that around is to highlight it in investors’ statements.”
Capital gains tax hike a sure way to repel the tech sector
Published Apr 18, 2024 • Last updated 23 minutes ago • 4 minute read
If there’s an uncomfortable economic lesson of the past few years, it’s this: The vibes matter.
As much as economists point to data, the reality in politics and policy is that public expectations and perceptions are important too. And from a business perspective, the vibes of the 2024 federal budget are rancid.
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The budget document’s title is “Fairness For Every Generation” and in practice, what that meant was a “soak the rich” tax hike on capital gains.
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You can see how this looked like good politics. In her budget speech, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland said that only 0.13 per cent of Canadians with an average annual income of $1.4 million will pay higher taxes — hardly a sympathetic lot, at a time when many Canadians are struggling to pay for food and housing.
The problem is that the proposed capital gains tax hike won’t only soak a handful of rich Canadians as advertised. In its current design, it broadly punishes individuals and families of small business owners, tech entrepreneurs, dentists and countless others who have often spent decades trying to build their businesses for a potential once-in-a-lifetime capital gains event. Together, our analysis suggests that those people represent closer to 20 per cent of Canadians.
This tax proposal simply amounts to a systemic tapping on the brakes on the investment in a productive and prosperous future, being made by innovative, hardworking Canadians. And it does so at the very time Canada needs them to accelerate their investing.
But among the innovators and business leaders I talk to in the Canadian tech sector, this week’s budget was a chilling shock. There is a sincere and widespread belief that if something does not change, the budget will do widespread and irreparable damage to Canada’s tech sector.
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That’s why more than 1,000 CEOs have signed a public letter to Prime Minister Trudeau and Deputy Prime Minister Freeland at ProsperityForEveryGeneration.ca, calling on the government to stop this tax hike. Innovators understand what’s at stake.
Firstly, we are at a moment when capital is harder to access than at any time in the past generation. Higher interest rates and economic uncertainty mean that many high-growth companies with innovative products struggle to secure growth capital on favourable terms.
South of the border, we’re seeing strong growth, driven by significant government investment through strong industrial policy, alongside significant growth in bleeding-edge artificial intelligence applications. The U.S. is an exciting place to invest right now.
And capital is highly mobile. If Canada is seen as an unfriendly place to invest, due to high taxes, investors will simply take their money elsewhere, and propel the growth of promising tech companies in other countries.
What’s more, highly skilled talent is more mobile than ever before, and among innovative high-growth companies, stock options — subject to capital gains tax — are a key form of compensation.
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We’re not talking purely about CEOs and tech founders here either. The dedicated early players of a promising tech startup earn their stock options with sweat equity. Their dedication, taking a risk in the prime of their career, is often the key ingredient for the success of future innovation champions.
Innovators are intimately aware of these concerns, because this isn’t the first time the Liberal government has tried to tax stock options. Nearly a decade ago, they promised to hike taxes on stock options in their 2015 campaign platform, and it took years of public advocacy from tech leaders to help the government understand the potential unintended damage that a reckless tax hike could do on the ability to attract and retain talent.
All along the way, we were assured by the government that they knew what they were doing, and there was nothing to worry about. In truth, after many frank conversations, they changed course.
In the days and weeks ahead, I’m expecting to hear the same kind of thing again. Already we’ve heard from government officials pointing to the “Canadian Entrepreneurs’ Incentive” carve-out, which will soften the blow of higher capital gains tax rates overall. The details of this carve-out are not yet fully clear, and it’s possible that the government will tinker with the thresholds to help mitigate the damage of a tax hike on capital gains.
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But the reality is that without a significant change in messaging, the danger to Canada’s economy is real.
Capital gains are taxed at a different rate because they are taxes on investment. Every investment comes with risk; you are not guaranteed to make a profit. The tax code takes this into account.
If the vibes are off, and the global perception of Canada is that we’re not a place where the investment risk is worth it, because the federal government is just going to tax you to death, then we simply won’t see capital or talent flow to Canada.
Innovation and entrepreneurship are about hope. You fundamentally need to be an optimist to risk it all, and invest yourself in growing a business. Right now, Canada’s federal government is not sending a hopeful vibe. And the vibes matter.
Benjamin Bergen is president, Council of Canadian Innovators.
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‘If I try to put myself back into the shoes of me as a 21-year-old, all I can tell you is this: I was hungry,’ writes Gary Stevenson in his recently released memoir, The Trading Game, which tells the story of how the son of a Post Office worker briefly became the highest-paid trader working on Citi’s bond trading floor at London’s Canary Wharf. He sits down with host Claer Barrett to talk about what he learned about trading and how the wider economy works – and why he’s worried.
Find Gary @garyseconomics on YouTube, X, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok. Read Gary Stevenson’s recent FT Magazine profile by Miles Ellingham.
For more tips on how to organise your money, sign up to Claer’s email series ‘Sort Your Financial Life Out With Claer Barrett’ at FT.com/moneycourse.
If you would like to be a guest on a future episode of Money Clinic, email us at money@ft.com or send Claer a DM on social media — she’s @ClaerB on X, Instagram and TikTok.
Want more?
Check out Claer’s column, The hunt for good value UK stocks.
Listen to more episodes, such as Investment Masterclass: An insider’s view of the City of London, Investment masterclass: what’s one of the world’s leading investors buying?, and more.
Presented by Claer Barrett. Produced by Tamara Kormornick. Our executive producer is Manuela Saragosa. Sound design by Breen Turner, with original music from Metaphor Music. Cheryl Brumley is the FT’s global head of audio.
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2024 federal budget's key takeaways: Housing and carbon rebates, students and sin taxes – CBC News
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