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James Bardeen, an expert in solving Einstein's equations, has died at the age of 83 – electriccitymagazine.ca

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James Bardeen, who helped elucidate the properties and behavior of black holes, paving the way for what has been called the golden age of black hole astrophysics, died on June 20 in Seattle. He was 83 years old.

His son William said the cause was cancer. Dr. Bardeen, professor emeritus of physics at the University of Washington, was living in a nursing home in Seattle.

Dr. Bardeen was a descendant of a famous family of physicists. His father is John Twice won the Nobel Prize in Physics, for the invention of the transistor and the theory of superconductivity; his brother, Williaman expert in quantum theory at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois.

Dr. Bardeen was an expert in solving equations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. This theory attributes what we call gravity to the curvature of spacetime with matter and energy. Its most mysterious and disturbing consequence has been the possibility of black holes, places so dense that they become endless one-way exit ramps from the universe, swallowing even light and time.

Dr. Bardeen will find the work of his life investigating those mysteries, as well as related mysteries about the evolution of the universe.

said Michael Turner, a cosmologist and professor emeritus at the University of Chicago, who described Dr. Bardeen as a “gentle giant.”

James Maxwell Bardeen was born in Minneapolis on May 9, 1939. His mother, Jane Maxwell Bardeen, was a zoologist and high school teacher. After his father’s business, the family moved to Washington, D.C.; To the Summit, NJ; Then to Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, where you graduate from University of Illinois High School Laboratory.

He attended Harvard University and graduated with a degree in physics in 1960, despite his father’s advice that biology was the wave of the future. “Everyone knows who my father is,” he said in an oral history interview recorded by the Federal University of Paraguay in 2020, adding that he did not feel the need to compete with him. “It was impossible anyway,” he said.

Work under the supervision of a physicist Richard Feynman And an astrophysicist William Fowler (who would both become Nobel Prize laureates), Dr. Bardeen received his Ph.D. He received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1965. His thesis was on the structure of supermassive stars millions of times the mass of the Sun. Astronomers are beginning to suspect that they are the source of the massive energies of quasars detected in the cores of distant galaxies.

After holding postdoctoral positions at the California Institute of Technology and the University of California, Berkeley, he joined the Department of Astronomy at the University of Washington in 1967. An enthusiastic hiker and mountaineer, he was drawn to the school by its easy access to the outdoors.

By then, what a Nobel Prize winner Cape Thorne, a professor at the California Institute of Technology, points out that the golden age of black hole research was in full swing, and Dr. Bardeen was swept up in international meetings. At one, in Paris in 1967, he met Nancy Thomas, a Connecticut high school teacher who was trying to improve her French. They married in 1968.

In addition to his son William, a senior vice president and chief strategy officer of The New York Times Company, and his brother William, Dr. Bardeen’s wife survives him, along with another son, David, and two grandchildren. Sister Elizabeth Gretke passed away in 2000.

attributed to him…Eduardo Braniff

Dr. Bardeen was a member of the National Academy of Sciences as well as his brother and father.

Although he was fast at math, Dr. Bardeen didn’t write faster than he spoke. William Price, a former student of Dr. Thorne now at the University of Texas, remembers being sent to Seattle to finish a paper Dr. Bardeen was supposed to write. Nothing is written. Dr. Bardeen’s wife then ordered the two to sit at opposite ends of the sofa with a sheet. Dr. Bardeen would write a sentence and pass the paper on to Dr. Press, who would either reject it or approve it and then put the pillow back. Dr. Bryce said that each sentence took a few minutes. It took them three days, but the paper was written.

One of the historical moments in those years was the month-long “Summer School” in Les Hoechs, France, in 1972 that included all the eminent black hole scientists. Dr. Bardeen was one of six invited speakers. It was during that meeting, Stephen Hawking from the University of Cambridge and Brandon Carternow from the Paris Observatory, wrote a landmark paper called “The Four Laws of Black Hole Mechanics,” which became a springboard for future work, including Dr. Hawking’s surprising calculation that black holes can leak and eventually explode.

In another famous account that same year, Dr. Bardeen deduced the shape and size of a black hole’s “shadow” as seen against a field of distant stars – a circle of light surrounding dark space.

Dr. Thorne said the shape was made famous by the Event Horizon Telescope observations of black holes in the galaxy M87 and at the center of the Milky Way, and by visualizations in the movie “Interstellar.”

Cosmology was among Dr. Bardeen’s other interests. In a 1982 paper, he, Dr. Turner and Paul Steinhardt of Princeton described how submicroscopic fluctuations in matter and energy density in the early universe would grow and give rise to the pattern of galaxies we see in the sky today.

Dr. Turner said, “Jim was glad we used his formalities, and he was sure we got it right.”

Dr. Bardeen transferred to Yale University in 1972. After four years, dissatisfied with the academic bureaucracy in the East and anxious abroad again, he returned to the University of Washington. Retired in 2006.

But it did not stop working. Dr. Thorne recounted a recent telephone conversation in which they recalled the hiking and camping trips they used to take with their families. In the same conversation, Dr. Bardeen described the last thoughts he had about what happens when a black hole evaporates, noting that it might turn into a white hole,

“This was one aspect of Jim in a nutshell, thinking deeply about physics in new creative ways until the end of his life,” Dr. Thorne wrote in an email.

“Reader. Infuriatingly humble coffee enthusiast. Future teen idol. Tv nerd. Explorer. Organizer. Twitter aficionado. Evil music fanatic.”

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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