Restaurants, airlines, schools and nursing homes are at the sharp end of a labour crunch that’s afflicted employers all year long. In June,the unemployment rate fell to a record low of 4.9 per cent, tightening the screws on an economy with more positions than it could fill.
Amid a prolonged pandemic, laid-off workers took stock and reassessed their priorities. Others, grappling with burnout in precarious or stressful work environments with long hours, simply walked away.
Some of the hardest hit sectors are struggling to find and retain workers. Wages have increased, but signs suggest some of that growth is slowing. Although retail employment is up from 2021, when public health restrictions kept many stores partially or fully closed, payroll employment dropped in both April and May, Statistics Canada data released Thursday shows.
Job vacancies in the health-care sector rose in May, StatCan reported, and are up 20 per cent from the same month last year. Meanwhile, the number of openings remained steady in accommodation and food services, but there are twice as many of them as the overall average.
So if workers are leaving their jobs, where are they going?
Back to school. Back to yoga. Toward public office, Uber driving, sales and writing.
Here are their stories:
‘I would shake at work:’ from flight attendant to city council candidate
Pascale Marchand is poised to leap from the skies to city hall.
Or hopes to. The 39-year-old union official and former flight attendant opted to run for municipal council in Hamilton this fall after a trying two years in an industry battered by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Marchand, who started her cabin crew job in 2008, grew increasingly interested in her colleagues’ well-being, chairing several health and safety committees at the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) since 2018.
“I got to see how important the social determinants of health are to people’s health. Just ensuring that they have a steady income, ensuring they have job security, ensuring that they have the availability of having sick days,” she says.
Municipal policies in areas ranging from housing to quality of life and the local economy can have a direct impact on those determinants, she says. “That’s why I’m going into politics. I’m trying to make a difference at that end.”
There’s an even more personal fire fuelling her run for office too. In March 2020, Marchand found herself snowed under with calls from fellow flight attendants as angst and uncertainty swirled around a novel coronavirus.
“They were very concerned that their employment could potentially threaten the health of their loved ones,” she recalls.
“By the first week of March I had burnout. I would shake at work because of this pressure of wanting to make things better for our membership.”
Marchand says her younger brother, who lives with mental health issues, went through a crisis in 2020, losing his job and experiencing homelessness for three months.
After tracking him down and helping him move in with their mother in New Brunswick, Marchand opted to access counselling and cognitive therapy services as well as a union support network, “which has helped me tremendously.”
She had enrolled in a bachelor’s program in public health at Brock University in 2018, graduating this year. But it was her experience of people’s vulnerability to social, economic and psychological strain brought on by the pandemic that drove her to seek public office.
“I have a lot of hope inside of me and I have a lot of energy inside of me. I just want to do the best I can to use my voice to try and elevate others.”
— By Christopher Reynolds in Montreal
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‘I became numb’: from support worker to yoga instructor
Growing up, Lindsay Couture thought she was meant to take care of people. From the age of 11, she was the primary caregiver for her mother who had respiratory issues. When it came time to decide on her career, she figured, why not stick to what she already knew?
Couture began working as a personal support worker in 2016 at a private long-term care home in Port Hope, Ont. Most days she’d work double shifts from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m., dealing with intense pressure from upper management, combative residents, and what she described as extremely challenging working conditions.
“Long-term care was a very sad environment for me because I was unable to provide the care that a lot of residents needed,” the 29-year-old says. “Even though I still showed up for those 16-hour shifts, I became numb.”
Eventually, Couture stopped taking care of herself as her mental health steadily declined. In 2018, she went on disability leave.
After taking a year off, she was ready to work as a PSW again, but wanted to do it on her own terms. So, she opened her own community care company.
Months later, the COVID-19 pandemic hit. As it dragged on, and PSWs left the field in droves, it became increasingly hard for Couture to hire workers and provide high-quality care.
Despite feelings of shame and guilt, Couture closed her company in January to avoid burning out again. She continued to provide private care for one last client until May.
Now, Couture works as a yoga instructor and Reiki practitioner. At first, yoga was an easy way to support herself after leaving her career as a PSW — she was already certified to teach — but she’s found it’s allowed her to remain an entrepreneur with control over her schedule.
She also drives for Uber as a side gig, which alone makes her more money than her full-time job as a PSW did.
“I am so happy to be out of a profession that I truly feel is going nowhere,” she says.
While working her new jobs, Couture is able to prioritize her mental health, find enough energy for work and put herself first before supporting others.
“I’m still helping people, but I’m helping people remove the barriers that are keeping them stuck in their lives … showing them that we do have choice in this life.”
— By Tyler Griffin in Toronto
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‘You’re always there’: from teacher to salesperson
When Guillaume Raymond sat down in front of a blank sheet a year ago to list the benefits of working in Quebec’s education system, he fell short of items to write down.
“I’ve been working since I’m 14 … either as a soccer referee, or babysitter, I’ve always loved to work,” says Raymond, a 33-year-old former physical education teacher.
“But teaching is by far the most demanding job I’ve ever had in my life. You see about 150 kids each day in the gymnasium, it’s exhausting … there’s no recognition.”
After teaching for four years at College Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes, a private high school on Montreal’s south shore, Raymond started to feel worn out.
“As a teacher, you’re supposed to work around 28 hours per week, but at the end, you’re there closer to 60 hours (per week),” Raymond says. “You’re always there … but the salary doesn’t add up.”
The pandemic, he says, was an additional strain as it greatly limited how he could share his passion for sports.
“I did my best to find ways to do virtual activities … and I was criticized for asking too much … but it’s my profession and it’s as important as French and mathematics,” he says.
The Quebec Provincial Association of Teachers says about a third of young teachers will leave the profession — one of the several industries facing a labour shortage — within five years due to poor working conditions.
Data released by Statistics Canada in 2020 suggests Quebec’s teachers earn the lowest salary compared with the rest of the country; Quebec teachers’ starting salary sits at about $45,000 — the only province where it’s below $50,000.
“The labour shortage is sad for the children,” Raymond says.
“I do have the feeling that I abandoned the children, but I needed to think about myself. The education system is broken, and it’s not one teacher that’s going to make a difference but better salary, conditions, and recognition.”
Raymond, who now works as a sales consultant for Park Avenue Volkswagen in Brossard, Que., says leaving the education system not only helped with his finances, but also his mental health.
“I have better control over my life, I have less anxiety,” he says. “I bought a house with my girlfriend. I could have never done that if I were a teacher still.”
— By Virginie Ann in Montreal
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‘I’m not just treading water’: from server to writer
Lori Fox compares working as a restaurant server to being a low-paid, undervalued caretaker of too many drunk and rude customers seemingly empowered to get away with sexual harassment and punishing behaviour in the form of lousy tips.
Fox left the industry in the spring of 2020 when an eatery in Whitehorse closed temporarily due to the pandemic. But that decision had been brewing for at least two years when an intoxicated Canada Day celebrant who refused to pay his bill unleashed a flurry of “transphobic, homophobic and misogynist slurs that were made very publicly.”
“My manager informed me that this was just a gentleman that he knew personally, who was having a really bad day and I should just bring him another beer and then he would pay his bill,” says Fox, 35, who uses the pronouns they and them.
“It was around that point that I was emotionally finished serving. But I wasn’t able to leave, however, until the pandemic actually forced me out of the industry.”
Fox began working at a pizza joint in Belleville, Ont., at age 14 before starting their career as a server three years later. They took those skills to Whitehorse, where they have lived for a decade, with stints in Montreal, Toronto and Ottawa, as well as three communities in British Columbia.
Regardless of the location, however, the experience was mostly the same: restaurateurs focusing on keeping patrons, especially regulars, happy at the expense of protecting staff that, in many cases, work long, irregular hours for low wages.
There are lessons to be learned from the pandemic for not only workers, but the restaurant industry as a whole, they say.
“I feel that we are at a pivotal moment where either we can slide back into the slot we have always occupied in this industry or we can move forward and make some actual changes that give more power to workers and create living wages and create better work environments.”
Fox, who has turned a previous side hustle as a freelance writer into more of a permanent job, says the work isn’t always easy, but it’s more fulfilling.
“I definitely feel more physically and emotionally safe. At least when things are hard, they’re hard because I’m doing work that I find valuable and that I know is moving me forward. I’m not just treading water.”
— By Camille Bains in Vancouver
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‘I don’t have the capacity to do this’: from nurse to student
Daniel Bois never imagined himself quitting his job but as he handed over his letter of resignation a sense of relief settled over him.
At 46 years old, he’d worked as a registered nurse for more than two decades. He’d seen three pandemics (SARS, H1N1 and COVID-19) by the time he quit his job as a manager in the primary care unit of a downtown Toronto hospital in April 2022.
“I just reached a point where I was like, ‘I can’t do this anymore. I don’t have the capacity to do this, and I want to do something different,”‘ Bois says.
He’d felt burnout before, but in the COVID-19 pandemic there was no opportunity to stop and heal, he says.
The pandemic put stress on just about every health-care worker in the country. Unions and hospitals have reported nurses quitting in droves, no longer feeling like they were able to serve their patients.
As a manager, Bois wasn’t sure if he was able to properly take care of his employees either.
“I often felt like I was playing catch-up and putting out many fires, whether it was supply shortages, staffing shortages, issues with vaccination,” he says.
“It was to the detriment of my physical, my mental and spiritual health.”
Before he left his job he started working on an exit strategy: a business degree.
The thought of leaving his career as a nurse left him with mixed feelings of nervousness and excitement as he committed to drop his hospital duties and pursue a new education instead.
Along with those feelings also came guilt, for leaving health care during a global pandemic.
He did what he could to ease the transition for his co-workers. He gave his executive director nine weeks notice so they could hire and train a new manager before he left.
Now a full-time student, Bois says he’s sleeping better, eating three meals a day and exercising.
“I’m healthier for having left health care,” he says.
Bois says he’s not planning to leave the health-care industry permanently. He hopes to graduate from business school after the fall session, and plans to become a registered massage therapist.
After that, he wants to open his own mental-health clinic for health-care workers in Toronto.
“My way of reconciling my guilt is going back into the workforce as a mental-health and wellness entrepreneur and support health-care workers in a different way.”
— By Laura Osman in Ottawa
This report by The Canadian Press was first published July 28, 2022.
WINNIPEG – Some 250 coloured tacks pepper a large-scale world map among bookshelves at Whodunit Mystery Bookstore.
Estonia, Finland, Japan and even Fenwick, Ont., have pins representing places outside Winnipeg where someone has ordered a page-turner from the independent bookstore that specializes in mystery and crime fiction novels.
For 30 years, the store has been offering fans of Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot or Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes a place to get lost in whodunits both old and new.
Jack and Wendy Bumsted bought the shop in the Crescentwood neighbourhood in 2007 from another pair of mystery lovers.
The married couple had been longtime customers of the store. Wendy Bumsted grew up reading Perry Mason novels while her husband was a historian with vast knowledge of the crime fiction genre.
At the time, Jack Bumsted was retiring from teaching at the University of Manitoba when he was looking for his next venture.
“The bookstore came up and we bought it, I think, within a week,” Wendy Bumsted said in an interview.
“It never didn’t seem like a good idea.”
In the years since the Bumsteds took ownership, the family has witnessed the decline in mail-order books, the introduction of online retailers, a relocation to a new space next to the original, a pandemic and the death of beloved co-owner Jack Bumsted in 2020.
But with all the changes that come with owning a small business, customers continue to trust their next mystery fix will come from one of the shelves at Whodunit.
Many still request to be called about books from specific authors, or want to be notified if a new book follows their favourite format. Some arrive at the shop like clockwork each week hoping to get suggestions from Wendy Bumsted or her son on the next big hit.
“She has really excellent instincts on what we should be getting and what we should be promoting,” Micheal Bumsted said of his mother.
Wendy Bumsted suggested the store stock “Thursday Murder Club,” the debut novel from British television host Richard Osman, before it became a bestseller. They ordered more copies than other bookstores in Canada knowing it had the potential to be a hit, said Michael Bumsted.
The store houses more than 18,000 new and used novels. That’s not including the boxes of books that sit in Wendy Bumsted’s tiny office, or the packages that take up space on some of the only available seating there, waiting to be added to the inventory.
Just as the genre has evolved, so has the Bumsteds’ willingness to welcome other subjects on their shelves — despite some pushback from loyal customers and initially the Bumsted patriarch.
For years, Jack Bumsted refused to sell anything outside the crime fiction genre, including his own published books. Instead, he would send potential buyers to another store, but would offer to sign the books if they came back with them.
Wendy Bumsted said that eventually changed in his later years.
Now, about 15 per cent of the store’s stock is of other genres, such as romance or children’s books.
The COVID-19 pandemic forced them to look at expanding their selection, as some customers turned to buying books through the store’s website, which is set up to allow purchasers to get anything from the publishers the Bumsteds have contracts with.
In 2019, the store sold fewer than 100 books online. That number jumped to more than 3,000 in 2020, as retailers had to deal with pandemic lockdowns.
After years of running a successful mail-order business, the store was able to quickly adapt when it had to temporarily shut its doors, said Michael Bumsted.
“We were not a store…that had to figure out how to get books to people when they weren’t here.”
He added being a community bookstore with a niche has helped the family stay in business when other retailers have struggled. Part of that has included building lasting relationships.
“Some people have put it in their wills that their books will come to us,” said Wendy Bumsted.
Some of those collections have included tips on traveling through Asia in the early 2000s or the history of Australian cricket.
Micheal Bumsted said they’ve had to learn to be patient with selling some of these more obscure titles, but eventually the time comes for them to find a new home.
“One of the great things about physical books is that they can be there for you when you are ready for them.”
This report by The Canadian Press was first published on Sept. 15, 2024.
MONTREAL – Canada’s labour minister is praising both Air Canada and the union representing about 5,200 of its pilots for averting a work stoppage that would have disrupted travel for hundreds of thousands of passengers.
Steven MacKinnon’s comments came in a statement shared to social media shortly after Canada’s largest air carrier announced it had reached a tentative labour deal with the Air Line Pilots Association.
MacKinnon thanked both sides and federal mediators, saying the airline and its pilots approached negotiations with “seriousness and a resolve to get a deal.”
The tentative agreement averts a strike or lockout that could have begun as early as Wednesday for Air Canada and Air Canada Rouge, with flight cancellations expected before then.
The airline now says flights will continue as normal while union members vote on the tentative four-year contract.
Air Canada had called on the federal government to intervene in the dispute, but Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Friday that would only happen if it became clear no negotiated agreement was possible.
This report from The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 15, 2024.
When it comes to plant-based alternatives, Canadians have never had so many options — and nowhere is that choice more abundantly clear than in the milk section of the dairy aisle.
To meet growing demand, companies are investing in new products and technology to keep up with consumer tastes and differentiate themselves from all the other players on the shelf.
“The product mix has just expanded so fast,” said Liza Amlani, co-founder of the Retail Strategy Group.
She said younger generations in particular are driving growth in the plant-based market as they are consuming less dairy and meat.
Commercial sales of dairy milk have been weakening for years, according to research firm Mintel, likely in part because of the rise of plant-based alternatives — even though many Canadians still drink dairy.
The No. 1 reason people opt for plant-based milk is because they see it as healthier than dairy, said Joel Gregoire, Mintel’s associate director for food and drink.
“Plant-based milk, the one thing about it — it’s not new. It’s been around for quite some time. It’s pretty established,” said Gregoire.
Because of that, it serves as an “entry point” for many consumers interested in plant-based alternatives to animal products, he said.
Plant-based milk consumption is expected to continue growing in the coming years, according to Mintel research, with more options available than ever and more consumers opting for a diet that includes both dairy and non-dairy milk.
A 2023 report by Ernst & Young for Protein Industries Canada projected that the plant-based dairy market will reach US$51.3 billion in 2035, at a compound annual growth rate of 9.5 per cent.
Because of this growth opportunity, even well-established dairy or plant-based companies are stepping up their game.
It’s been more than three decades since Saint-Hyacinthe, Que.-based Natura first launched a line of soy beverages. Over the years, the company has rolled out new products to meet rising demand, and earlier this year launched a line of oat beverages that it says are the only ones with a stamp of approval from Celiac Canada.
Competition is tough, said owner and founder Nick Feldman — especially from large American brands, which have the money to ensure their products hit shelves across the country.
Natura has kept growing, though, with a focus on using organic ingredients and localized production from raw materials.
“We’re maybe not appealing to the mass market, but we’re appealing to the natural consumer, to the organic consumer,” Feldman said.
Amlani said brands are increasingly advertising the simplicity of their ingredient lists. She’s also noticing more companies offering different kinds of products, such as coffee creamers.
Companies are also looking to stand out through eye-catching packaging and marketing, added Amlani, and by competing on price.
Besides all the companies competing for shelf space, there are many different kinds of plant-based milk consumers can choose from, such as almond, soy, oat, rice, hazelnut, macadamia, pea, coconut and hemp.
However, one alternative in particular has enjoyed a recent, rapid ascendance in popularity.
“I would say oat is the big up-and-coming product,” said Feldman.
Mintel’s report found the share of Canadians who say they buy oat milk has quadrupled between 2019 and 2023 (though almond is still the most popular).
“There seems to be a very nice marriage of coffee and oat milk,” said Feldman. “The flavour combination is excellent, better than any other non-dairy alternative.”
The beverage’s surge in popularity in cafés is a big part of why it’s ascending so quickly, said Gregoire — its texture and ability to froth makes it a good alternative for lattes and cappuccinos.
It’s also a good example of companies making a strong “use case” for yet another new entrant in a competitive market, he said.
Amid the long-standing brands and new entrants, there’s another — perhaps unexpected — group of players that has been increasingly investing in plant-based milk alternatives: dairy companies.
For example, Danone has owned the Silk and So Delicious brands since an acquisition in 2014, and long-standing U.S. dairy company HP Hood LLC launched Planet Oat in 2018.
Lactalis Canada also recently converted its facility in Sudbury, Ont., to manufacture its new plant-based Enjoy! brand, with beverages made from oats, almonds and hazelnuts.
“As an organization, we obviously follow consumer trends, and have seen the amount of interest in plant-based products, particularly fluid beverages,” said Mark Taylor, president and CEO of Lactalis Canada, whose parent company Lactalis is the largest dairy products company in the world.
The facility was a milk processing plant for six decades, until Lactalis Canada began renovating it in 2022. It now manufactures not only the new brand, but also the company’s existing Sensational Soy brand, and is the company’s first dedicated plant-based facility.
“We’re predominantly a dairy company, and we’ll always predominantly be a dairy company, but we see these products as complementary,” said Taylor.
It makes sense that major dairy companies want to get in on plant-based milk, said Gregoire. The dairy business is large — a “cash cow,” if you will — but not really growing, while plant-based products are seeing a boom.
“If I’m looking for avenues of growth, I don’t want to be left behind,” he said.
Gregoire said there’s a potential for consumers to get confused with so many options, which is why it’s so important for brands to find a way to differentiate themselves, whether it’s with taste, health, or how well the drink froths for a latte.
Competition in a more crowded market is challenging, but Taylor believes it results in better products for consumers.
“It keeps you sharp, and it forces you to be really good at what you’re doing. It drives innovation,” he said.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 15, 2024.
