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Leaders struggle to balance science and politics as they set pandemic policy – The Japan Times

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Should science alone dictate policy on how to cope with the new coronavirus pandemic? Governments worldwide are grappling with this thorny question, as they loosen lockdowns that have tested the strength of communities and economies alike.

Stay-at-home orders have clearly saved lives by reducing the number of new patients streaming into overwhelmed hospitals with COVID-19, the respiratory disease caused by the new virus. But measures to protect health have come at a steep economic and social cost.

Even among scientists, opinions are divided.

“If we want COVID-19 to be a bad memory and not a current nightmare, scientific advice must be prioritized in all political decisions, period,” said Sara N. Bleich, a professor of public health policy at the Harvard Chan School of Public Health.

But Simon Chauchemez, a mathematical modeler and a member of the scientific committee advising France’s top leaders, said science is not the only factor in the equation.

“As scientists we try to shed light, but at the end of the day it is the politicians who have to make decisions,” he said.

The competing interests and hard choices facing leaders are coming into sharp focus as they set new rules — different in every country, and sometimes from one sub-region to the next — for sheltering-in-place, public gatherings and the businesses that should be allowed to reopen.

In the U.K., Boris Johnson’s government has been sharply criticized for its late response to the pandemic.

“We scientists said lock down,” wrote Helen Warn, a professor of public health at Imperial College London, in a commentary. “But U.K. politicians refused to listen.”

In Germany, Chancellor Angela Merkel — widely praised for her management of the pandemic — has paid close attention to the scientists.

‘Government by scientists’

“It helps that she’s a scientist and can handle numbers,” said Christian Drosten, head of the Institute of Virology at Charite Hospital in Berlin, noting that Merkel has a PhD in quantum chemistry.

At the same time, Merkel has encountered criticism for pushing hard to keep stringent shelter-in-place requirements in place.

“When I hear that all other considerations must take a back seat to the protection of human life, I find that kind of absolutism unjustified,” Wolfgang Schauble, president of Germany’s Bundestag, told the Tagesspiegel newspaper.

In France, opposition politicians and some public intellectuals have similarly criticized President Emmanuel Macron for what they see as hiding behind the opinions of scientists.

“Be careful to not make health the absolute value,” said philosopher Andre Comte-Sponville in a radio interview. “And don’t expect doctors to solve all of our problems.”

And yet Macron’s government has also been attacked for green-lighting the gradual reopening of primary schools across France, starting on May 11, despite the recommendation of his own science advisory body to keep them closed until September.

Macron’s decision “is not really that shocking,” said Pierre-Louis Druais, a neighborhood doctor and member of the advisory panel.

“We set the general direction, but it probably wouldn’t be very healthy if society were entirely run by scientists,” he said.

“Our role is to provide health advice,” Arnaud Fontanet, another member of the scientific advisory panel, told lawmakers last week. “The role of politicians is to make decisions based not just on what we say but on a raft of social and economic considerations in which we have no say.”

Mixed signals from Trump

“I am opposed to a government of doctors,” said emergency physician Mathias Wargon, whose wife is a junior minister in the French government. “And tomorrow — when the issue on the table is jobs — I’ll be against a government by corporate leaders.”

It is important for elected politicians to call the shots, Wargon added, noting that myriad unknowns about the new virus have caused disagreement among experts.

That is one reason most countries hit hard by the pandemic, including France, Italy, Spain and the United States, have created special advisory bodies to sift through the thousands of reports and studies already released.

The U.K.’s Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), created in 2014 to cope with the Ebola epidemic, was reactivated for this purpose.

The U.S. Coronavirus Task Force is unusual in that its daily press conferences have, with rare exception, been dominated by U.S. President Donald Trump.

Sometimes Trump is in open disagreement with respected members of the task force such as immunologist Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Deborah Birx, the U.S. global AIDS coordinator, especially on the issue of how, where and when to ease lockdowns.

Fauci and Birx have called for the maintenance of stricter restrictions — on the reopening of schools and sporting events, for example — while Trump has openly supported those protesting lockdowns.

Political observers suggest Trump is focused on presidential and congressional elections in November, and would like to see the U.S. economy back open and booming before then.

“President Trump cannot control his political instinct,” said Robert Blendon, an expert on health policy and politics at Harvard University. “In his view, if this doesn’t change, he’s going to lose the presidency.”

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‘Disgraceful:’ N.S. Tory leader slams school’s request that military remove uniform

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HALIFAX – Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston says it’s “disgraceful and demeaning” that a Halifax-area school would request that service members not wear military uniforms to its Remembrance Day ceremony.

Houston’s comments were part of a chorus of criticism levelled at the school — Sackville Heights Elementary — whose administration decided to back away from the plan after the outcry.

A November newsletter from the school in Middle Sackville, N.S., invited Armed Forces members to attend its ceremony but asked that all attendees arrive in civilian attire to “maintain a welcoming environment for all.”

Houston, who is currently running for re-election, accused the school’s leaders of “disgracing themselves while demeaning the people who protect our country” in a post on the social media platform X Thursday night.

“If the people behind this decision had a shred of the courage that our veterans have, this cowardly and insulting idea would have been rejected immediately,” Houston’s post read. There were also several calls for resignations within the school’s administration attached to Houston’s post.

In an email to families Thursday night, the school’s principal, Rachael Webster, apologized and welcomed military family members to attend “in the attire that makes them most comfortable.”

“I recognize this request has caused harm and I am deeply sorry,” Webster’s email read, adding later that the school has the “utmost respect for what the uniform represents.”

Webster said the initial request was out of concern for some students who come from countries experiencing conflict and who she said expressed discomfort with images of war, including military uniforms.

Her email said any students who have concerns about seeing Armed Forces members in uniform can be accommodated in a way that makes them feel safe, but she provided no further details in the message.

Webster did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

At a news conference Friday, Houston said he’s glad the initial request was reversed but said he is still concerned.

“I can’t actually fathom how a decision like that was made,” Houston told reporters Friday, adding that he grew up moving between military bases around the country while his father was in the Armed Forces.

“My story of growing up in a military family is not unique in our province. The tradition of service is something so many of us share,” he said.

“Saying ‘lest we forget’ is a solemn promise to the fallen. It’s our commitment to those that continue to serve and our commitment that we will pass on our respects to the next generation.”

Liberal Leader Zach Churchill also said he’s happy with the school’s decision to allow uniformed Armed Forces members to attend the ceremony, but he said he didn’t think it was fair to question the intentions of those behind the original decision.

“We need to have them (uniforms) on display at Remembrance Day,” he said. “Not only are we celebrating (veterans) … we’re also commemorating our dead who gave the greatest sacrifice for our country and for the freedoms we have.”

NDP Leader Claudia Chender said that while Remembrance Day is an important occasion to honour veterans and current service members’ sacrifices, she said she hopes Houston wasn’t taking advantage of the decision to “play politics with this solemn occasion for his own political gain.”

“I hope Tim Houston reached out to the principal of the school before making a public statement,” she said in a statement.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Saskatchewan NDP’s Beck holds first caucus meeting after election, outlines plans

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REGINA – Saskatchewan Opposition NDP Leader Carla Beck says she wants to prove to residents her party is the government in waiting as she heads into the incoming legislative session.

Beck held her first caucus meeting with 27 members, nearly double than what she had before the Oct. 28 election but short of the 31 required to form a majority in the 61-seat legislature.

She says her priorities will be health care and cost-of-living issues.

Beck says people need affordability help right now and will press Premier Scott Moe’s Saskatchewan Party government to cut the gas tax and the provincial sales tax on children’s clothing and some grocery items.

Beck’s NDP is Saskatchewan’s largest Opposition in nearly two decades after sweeping Regina and winning all but one seat in Saskatoon.

The Saskatchewan Party won 34 seats, retaining its hold on all of the rural ridings and smaller cities.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Nova Scotia election: Liberals say province’s immigration levels are too high

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HALIFAX – Nova Scotia‘s growing population was the subject of debate on Day 12 of the provincial election campaign, with Liberal Leader Zach Churchill arguing immigration levels must be reduced until the province can provide enough housing and health-care services.

Churchill said Thursday a plan by the incumbent Progressive Conservatives to double the province’s population to two million people by the year 2060 is unrealistic and unsustainable.

“That’s a big leap and it’s making life harder for people who live here, (including ) young people looking for a place to live and seniors looking to downsize,” he told a news conference at his campaign headquarters in Halifax.

Anticipating that his call for less immigration might provoke protests from the immigrant community, Churchill was careful to note that he is among the third generation of a family that moved to Nova Scotia from Lebanon.

“I know the value of immigration, the importance of it to our province. We have been built on the backs of an immigrant population. But we just need to do it in a responsible way.”

The Liberal leader said Tim Houston’s Tories, who are seeking a second term in office, have made a mistake by exceeding immigration targets set by the province’s Department of Labour and Immigration. Churchill said a Liberal government would abide by the department’s targets.

In the most recent fiscal year, the government welcomed almost 12,000 immigrants through its nominee program, exceeding the department’s limit by more than 4,000, he said. The numbers aren’t huge, but the increase won’t help ease the province’s shortages in housing and doctors, and the increased strain on its infrastructure, including roads, schools and cellphone networks, Churchill said.

“(The Immigration Department) has done the hard work on this,” he said. “They know where the labour gaps are, and they know what growth is sustainable.”

In response, Houston said his commitment to double the population was a “stretch goal.” And he said the province had long struggled with a declining population before that trend was recently reversed.

“The only immigration that can come into this province at this time is if they are a skilled trade worker or a health-care worker,” Houston said. “The population has grown by two per cent a year, actually quite similar growth to what we experienced under the Liberal government before us.”

Still, Houston said he’s heard Nova Scotians’ concerns about population growth, and he then pivoted to criticize Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for trying to send 6,000 asylum seekers to Nova Scotia, an assertion the federal government has denied.

Churchill said Houston’s claim about asylum seekers was shameful.

“It’s smoke and mirrors,” the Liberal leader said. “He is overshooting his own department’s numbers for sustainable population growth and yet he is trying to blame this on asylum seekers … who aren’t even here.”

In September, federal Immigration Minister Marc Miller said there is no plan to send any asylum seekers to the province without compensation or the consent of the premier. He said the 6,000 number was an “aspirational” figure based on models that reflect each province’s population.

In Halifax, NDP Leader Claudia Chender said it’s clear Nova Scotia needs more doctors, nurses and skilled trades people.

“Immigration has been and always will be a part of the Nova Scotia story, but we need to build as we grow,” Chender said. “This is why we have been pushing the Houston government to build more affordable housing.”

Chender was in a Halifax cafe on Thursday when she promised her party would remove the province’s portion of the harmonized sales tax from all grocery, cellphone and internet bills if elected to govern on Nov. 26. The tax would also be removed from the sale and installation of heat pumps.

“Our focus is on helping people to afford their lives,” Chender told reporters. “We know there are certain things that you can’t live without: food, internet and a phone …. So we know this will have the single biggest impact.”

The party estimates the measure would save the average Nova Scotia family about $1,300 a year.

“That’s a lot more than a one or two per cent HST cut,” Chender said, referring to the Progressive Conservative pledge to reduce the tax by one percentage point and the Liberal promise to trim it by two percentage points.

Elsewhere on the campaign trail, Houston announced that a Progressive Conservative government would make parking free at all Nova Scotia hospitals and health-care centres. The promise was also made by the Liberals in their election platform released Monday.

“Free parking may not seem like a big deal to some, but … the parking, especially for people working at the facilities, can add up to hundreds of dollars,” the premier told a news conference at his campaign headquarters in Halifax.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

— With files from Keith Doucette in Halifax

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