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Manifest V3: Open Web Politics in Sheep's Clothing – EFF

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When Google introduced Manifest V3 in 2019, web extension developers were alarmed at the amount of functionality that would be taken away for features they provide users. Especially features like blocking trackers and providing secure connections. This new iteration of Google Chrome’s web extensions interface still has flaws that might be addressed through thoughtful consensus of the web extension developer community. However, two years and counting of discussion and conflict around Manifest V3 have ultimately exposed the problematic power Google holds over how millions of people experience the web. With the more recent announcement of the official transition to Manifest V3 and the deprecation of Manifest V2 in 2023, many privacy based web extensions will be mitigated in how they are able to protect users.

The security and privacy claims that Google has made about web extensions may or may not be addressed with Manifest V3. But the fact remains that the extensions that users have relied on for privacy will be heavily stunted if the current proposal moves forward. A move that was presented as user-focused, actually takes away the user’s power to block unwanted tracking for their security and privacy needs.

Large Influence, Little Challenge

First, a short history lesson. In 2015, Mozilla announced its move to adopt the webRequest API, already used by Chrome, in an effort to synchronize the landscape for web extension developers. Fast forwarding to the Manifest V3 announcement in 2019, Google put Mozilla in the position of choosing to split or sync with their Firefox browser. Splitting would mean taking a strong stand against Manifest V3 as an alternative and supporting web extensions developers’ innovation in user privacy controls. Syncing would mean going along with Google’s plan for the sake of not splitting up web extension development any further.

Mozilla has decided to support Manifest V2’s blocking webRequest API and MV3’s declarativeNetRequest API for now. A move that is very much shaped by Google’s push to make MV3 the standard, supporting both APIs is only half the battle. MV3 dictates an ecosystem change that limits MV2 extensions and would likely force MV2 based extensions to conform to MV3 in the near future. Mozilla’s acknowledgement that MV3 doesn’t meet web extension developers’ needs shows that MV3 is not yet ready for prime time. Yet, there is pressure to get stable, trusted extensions to allocate resources to port their extensions to more limited versions of themselves with a less stable API.

Manifest V3 Technical Issues

Even though strides have been made in browser security and privacy, web extensions like Privacy Badger, NoScript, and uBlock Origin have filled the gap of providing the granular control users want. One of the most significant changes outlined in Manifest V3 is the removal of blocking webRequest API and the flexibility it gave developers to programmatically handle network requests on behalf of the user. Queued to replace blocking webRequest API, the declarativeNetRequest API includes low caps on how many sites these extensions could cover. Another mandate is moving from Background Pages, a context that allows web extension developers to properly assess and debug, to an alternative, less powerful context called Background Service Workers. This context wasn’t originally built with web extension development in mind, which has led to its own conversation in many forums.

In short, Service Workers were meant for a sleep/wake cycle of web asset-to-user delivery—for example, caching consistent images and information so the user won’t need to use a lot of resources when reconnecting to that website again with a limited connection. Web extensions need persistent communication between the extension and the browser, often based on user interaction, like being able to detect and block ad trackers as they load onto the web page in real time. This has resulted in a significant list of issues that will have to be addressed to cover many valid use cases. These discussions, however, are happening as web extension developers are being asked to port to MV3 in the next year without a stable workflow available with pending issues such as no defined service worker context for web extensions, pending WebAssembly support, and lack of consistent and direct support from the Chrome extensions team itself.

Privacy SandStorm

Since the announcement of Manifest V3, Google has announced several controversial “Privacy Sandbox” proposals for privacy mechanisms for Chrome. The highest-stakes discussions about these proposals are in the World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C. While technically “anyone” can listen into the open meetings, only W3C members can propose formal documentation on specifications and have leadership positions. Being a member has its own overhead of fees and time commitment. This is something a large multinational corporation can easily overcome, but it can be a barrier to user-focused groups. Unless these power dynamics are directly addressed, a participant’s voice gets louder with market share.

Recently this year, after the many Google forum-based discussions around Manifest V3, a WebExtensions Community Group has been formed in the W3C. Community group participation does not require W3C membership, but they do not produce standards. Chaired by employees from Google and Apple, this group states that by “specifying the APIs, functionality, and permissions of WebExtensions, we can make it even easier for extension developers to enhance end user experience, while moving them towards APIs that improve performance and prevent abuse.”

But this move for greater democracy would have been more powerful and effective before Google’s unilateral push to impose Manifest V3. This story is disappointingly similar to what occurred with Google’s AMP technology: more democratic discussions and open governance were offered only after AMP had become ubiquitous.

With the planned deprecation of Manifest V2 extensions, the decision has already been made. The rest of the web extensions community are forced to comply, deviate from, or leave a large browser extension ecosystem that doesn’t include Chrome. And that’s harder than it may sound: Chromium, the open-source browser engine based on Chrome, is the basis for Microsoft Edge, Opera, Vivaldi, and Brave. Statements have been made by Vivaldi, Brave, and Opera on MV3 and their plans to preserve ad-blockers and privacy preserving features of MV2, yet the ripple effects are clear when Chrome makes a major change.

What Does A Better MV3 Look Like?

Some very valid concerns and asks have been raised with the W3C Web Extensions Community Group that would help to propel the web extensions realm back to a better place.

  1. Make the declarativeNetRequest API optional in Chrome, as it is currently. The API provides a path for extensions that have more static and simplistic features without needing to implement more powerful APIs. Extensions that use the blocking webRequest API, with it’s added power can be given extra scrutiny upon submission review. 
  2. In an effort to sooth the technical issues around Background Service Workers, Mozilla proposed in the W3C Group an alternative to Service Workers for web extensions, dubbed “Limited Event Pages”. Where this approach restores a lot of the standard website APIs and support lost with Background Service Workers. Safari expressed support, but Chrome has expressed lack of support with reasons pending but not explicitly stated at the time of this post.
  3. No further introduction of regressions in important functionality that MV2 has. For example, being able to inject scripts before page load. This is broken with pending amendments in MV3.

Even though one may see the moves between web extensions API changes and privacy mechanism proposals as two separate endeavors, it speaks to the expansive power of how one company can impact the ecosystem of the web; both when they do great things, and when they make bad decisions. The question that must be asked is who has the burden of enforcing what is fair: the standards organizations that engage with large company proposals or the companies themselves? Secondly, who has the most power if one constituency says “no” and another says “yes”? Community partners, advocates, and smaller companies are permitted to say no and not work with companies who enter the room frequently with worrying proposals, but then that company can claim that silence means consensus when they decide to go forward with a plan. Similar dynamics have occurred before when the W3C grappled with Do Not Track (DNT) where proponents of weaker privacy mechanisms feigned concern over user privacy and choice. So in this case, large companies like Google can make nefarious or widely useful decisions without much incentive to say no to themselves. In the case of MV3, they gave room and time to discuss issues with the web extensions community. That is the bare minimum standard for making such a big change, so to congratulate a powerful entity for making space for many other voices would only add to the sentiment that this should be the norm in open web politics.

No matter how well meaning a proposal can be, the reality is millions of people’s experiences on the internet are often left up to the ethics of a few in companies and standards organizations.

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‘Disgraceful:’ N.S. Tory leader slams school’s request that military remove uniform

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HALIFAX – Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston says it’s “disgraceful and demeaning” that a Halifax-area school would request that service members not wear military uniforms to its Remembrance Day ceremony.

Houston’s comments were part of a chorus of criticism levelled at the school — Sackville Heights Elementary — whose administration decided to back away from the plan after the outcry.

A November newsletter from the school in Middle Sackville, N.S., invited Armed Forces members to attend its ceremony but asked that all attendees arrive in civilian attire to “maintain a welcoming environment for all.”

Houston, who is currently running for re-election, accused the school’s leaders of “disgracing themselves while demeaning the people who protect our country” in a post on the social media platform X Thursday night.

“If the people behind this decision had a shred of the courage that our veterans have, this cowardly and insulting idea would have been rejected immediately,” Houston’s post read. There were also several calls for resignations within the school’s administration attached to Houston’s post.

In an email to families Thursday night, the school’s principal, Rachael Webster, apologized and welcomed military family members to attend “in the attire that makes them most comfortable.”

“I recognize this request has caused harm and I am deeply sorry,” Webster’s email read, adding later that the school has the “utmost respect for what the uniform represents.”

Webster said the initial request was out of concern for some students who come from countries experiencing conflict and who she said expressed discomfort with images of war, including military uniforms.

Her email said any students who have concerns about seeing Armed Forces members in uniform can be accommodated in a way that makes them feel safe, but she provided no further details in the message.

Webster did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

At a news conference Friday, Houston said he’s glad the initial request was reversed but said he is still concerned.

“I can’t actually fathom how a decision like that was made,” Houston told reporters Friday, adding that he grew up moving between military bases around the country while his father was in the Armed Forces.

“My story of growing up in a military family is not unique in our province. The tradition of service is something so many of us share,” he said.

“Saying ‘lest we forget’ is a solemn promise to the fallen. It’s our commitment to those that continue to serve and our commitment that we will pass on our respects to the next generation.”

Liberal Leader Zach Churchill also said he’s happy with the school’s decision to allow uniformed Armed Forces members to attend the ceremony, but he said he didn’t think it was fair to question the intentions of those behind the original decision.

“We need to have them (uniforms) on display at Remembrance Day,” he said. “Not only are we celebrating (veterans) … we’re also commemorating our dead who gave the greatest sacrifice for our country and for the freedoms we have.”

NDP Leader Claudia Chender said that while Remembrance Day is an important occasion to honour veterans and current service members’ sacrifices, she said she hopes Houston wasn’t taking advantage of the decision to “play politics with this solemn occasion for his own political gain.”

“I hope Tim Houston reached out to the principal of the school before making a public statement,” she said in a statement.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Saskatchewan NDP’s Beck holds first caucus meeting after election, outlines plans

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REGINA – Saskatchewan Opposition NDP Leader Carla Beck says she wants to prove to residents her party is the government in waiting as she heads into the incoming legislative session.

Beck held her first caucus meeting with 27 members, nearly double than what she had before the Oct. 28 election but short of the 31 required to form a majority in the 61-seat legislature.

She says her priorities will be health care and cost-of-living issues.

Beck says people need affordability help right now and will press Premier Scott Moe’s Saskatchewan Party government to cut the gas tax and the provincial sales tax on children’s clothing and some grocery items.

Beck’s NDP is Saskatchewan’s largest Opposition in nearly two decades after sweeping Regina and winning all but one seat in Saskatoon.

The Saskatchewan Party won 34 seats, retaining its hold on all of the rural ridings and smaller cities.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Nova Scotia election: Liberals say province’s immigration levels are too high

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HALIFAX – Nova Scotia‘s growing population was the subject of debate on Day 12 of the provincial election campaign, with Liberal Leader Zach Churchill arguing immigration levels must be reduced until the province can provide enough housing and health-care services.

Churchill said Thursday a plan by the incumbent Progressive Conservatives to double the province’s population to two million people by the year 2060 is unrealistic and unsustainable.

“That’s a big leap and it’s making life harder for people who live here, (including ) young people looking for a place to live and seniors looking to downsize,” he told a news conference at his campaign headquarters in Halifax.

Anticipating that his call for less immigration might provoke protests from the immigrant community, Churchill was careful to note that he is among the third generation of a family that moved to Nova Scotia from Lebanon.

“I know the value of immigration, the importance of it to our province. We have been built on the backs of an immigrant population. But we just need to do it in a responsible way.”

The Liberal leader said Tim Houston’s Tories, who are seeking a second term in office, have made a mistake by exceeding immigration targets set by the province’s Department of Labour and Immigration. Churchill said a Liberal government would abide by the department’s targets.

In the most recent fiscal year, the government welcomed almost 12,000 immigrants through its nominee program, exceeding the department’s limit by more than 4,000, he said. The numbers aren’t huge, but the increase won’t help ease the province’s shortages in housing and doctors, and the increased strain on its infrastructure, including roads, schools and cellphone networks, Churchill said.

“(The Immigration Department) has done the hard work on this,” he said. “They know where the labour gaps are, and they know what growth is sustainable.”

In response, Houston said his commitment to double the population was a “stretch goal.” And he said the province had long struggled with a declining population before that trend was recently reversed.

“The only immigration that can come into this province at this time is if they are a skilled trade worker or a health-care worker,” Houston said. “The population has grown by two per cent a year, actually quite similar growth to what we experienced under the Liberal government before us.”

Still, Houston said he’s heard Nova Scotians’ concerns about population growth, and he then pivoted to criticize Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for trying to send 6,000 asylum seekers to Nova Scotia, an assertion the federal government has denied.

Churchill said Houston’s claim about asylum seekers was shameful.

“It’s smoke and mirrors,” the Liberal leader said. “He is overshooting his own department’s numbers for sustainable population growth and yet he is trying to blame this on asylum seekers … who aren’t even here.”

In September, federal Immigration Minister Marc Miller said there is no plan to send any asylum seekers to the province without compensation or the consent of the premier. He said the 6,000 number was an “aspirational” figure based on models that reflect each province’s population.

In Halifax, NDP Leader Claudia Chender said it’s clear Nova Scotia needs more doctors, nurses and skilled trades people.

“Immigration has been and always will be a part of the Nova Scotia story, but we need to build as we grow,” Chender said. “This is why we have been pushing the Houston government to build more affordable housing.”

Chender was in a Halifax cafe on Thursday when she promised her party would remove the province’s portion of the harmonized sales tax from all grocery, cellphone and internet bills if elected to govern on Nov. 26. The tax would also be removed from the sale and installation of heat pumps.

“Our focus is on helping people to afford their lives,” Chender told reporters. “We know there are certain things that you can’t live without: food, internet and a phone …. So we know this will have the single biggest impact.”

The party estimates the measure would save the average Nova Scotia family about $1,300 a year.

“That’s a lot more than a one or two per cent HST cut,” Chender said, referring to the Progressive Conservative pledge to reduce the tax by one percentage point and the Liberal promise to trim it by two percentage points.

Elsewhere on the campaign trail, Houston announced that a Progressive Conservative government would make parking free at all Nova Scotia hospitals and health-care centres. The promise was also made by the Liberals in their election platform released Monday.

“Free parking may not seem like a big deal to some, but … the parking, especially for people working at the facilities, can add up to hundreds of dollars,” the premier told a news conference at his campaign headquarters in Halifax.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

— With files from Keith Doucette in Halifax

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