Health
Nunavut baby in Edmonton hospital battling respiratory virus
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An infant from Kugluktuk, Nunavut, remains on a respirator in an Edmonton hospital weeks after she first developed a fever and cough.
Tanya Napayok, the mother of six-month-old Gemma, said her daughter is fighting RSV, respiratory syncytial virus, and another lung infection.
“She’s my fighting queen,” Napayok said, speaking from the Larga Edmonton patient residence.
Napayok has stayed by her baby’s side since early August, when Gemma first developed symptoms.
Then, “she just got worse,” Napayok said.
They were medevaced first to Yellowknife and, from there, to Edmonton for more intensive care.
Fighting the two infections, Gemma needed to be on a respirator to help her breathe. That tube was removed recently, but was put back on because Gemma was still struggling.
Napayok’s mother is now in Edmonton with her baby but her two-year-old son, who also came down with a less-severe case of RSV, is waiting back home in Kugluktuk.
High RSV rates
Research has shown that Nunavut has among the highest rates of hospitalizations for RSV in the world.
Napayok’s two children were among 13 residents in Kugluktuk, a hamlet of roughly 1,600 people, who were diagnosed with the virus between the last week of July and beginning of August, said Dr. Michael Patterson, the chief medical officer of Nunavut.
“The number of individuals who contracted or were diagnosed with RSV was higher than what we typically see in August,” Patterson said.
This higher-than-usual number of infections could be due to improved testing for RSV or it could be a result of the relaxation of COVID-19 prevention measures in Nunavut, he said.
“We do recognize that the public health measures that we used as a response to COVID 19 also prevented a significant RSV spread for quite some time,” Patterson said.
“We know that when we relaxed measures in the spring, that could have contributed to the abnormal spread of RSV in the summer because we didn’t have any in the winter.”
Nunavut typically runs an immunization program throughout the RSV season, which generally lasts from November to April, but Patterson said the health department started to see RSV numbers increase in late April.
By mid-May, the numbers were “much more noticeable in much of the territory,” said Patterson.
That’s when the government decided to restart its immunization program “to protect young infants at highest risk of severe infection,” he said.
The program which typically provides up to five monthly doses of Palivizumab, better known as Synagis, throughout the RSV season, ended Aug. 15.
But Palivizumab was only earmarked for those at high risk.
Dr. Anna Banerji, an expert in Indigenous health, pediatrics and infectious disease at the University of Toronto’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health, has urged Palivizumab to be given to all Inuit babies.
Banerji studied respiratory infections in Inuit babies for decades, and found they occur 20 to 40 times as often as in non-Inuit, even when controlling for environmental factors.
Banerji said even Inuit infants who are not high-risk have 10 times the rates of hospital admission with RSV compared to the high-risk infants, and the symptoms are often more severe.
In 2019, Banerji started an online petition, which now has more than 200,000 signatures, asking Patterson and the Nunavut government to expand the immunization program to all infants.
That hasn’t happened yet.
Banerji said the Kitikmeot region’s most westerly community, Kugluktuk, “is one of the worst regions (or perhaps is the worst) region as far as RSV” but that the community tends to get overlooked by the Nunavut Government.
Banerji appears to be in agreement on one point with Patterson — that “the public health measures from COVID also protected people from RSV.”
Patterson continues to still advise similar measures to keep RSV from spreading, by avoiding contact with others when they are sick.
Meanwhile, programs for new mothers and babies in Kugluktuk are now suspended.
“It makes sense if you have an infection that’s spreading in the community and know the highest risk is among infants, bringing mothers and infants together as a group, to me, [does] more harm than good,” Patterson said.
To limit the spread of RSV, Napayok has urged people back home in Kugluktuk not to gather for popular card games, to wash their hands and keep their homes clean.
“It’s heartbreaking to see babies so sick,” she said.
Health
RCMP warn about benzodiazepine-laced fentanyl tied to overdose in Alberta – Edmonton Journal
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Grande Prairie RCMP issued a warning Friday after it was revealed fentanyl linked to a deadly overdose was mixed with a chemical that doesn’t respond to naloxone treatment.
The drugs were initially seized on Feb. 28 after a fatal overdose, and this week, Health Canada reported back to Mounties that the fentanyl had been mixed with Bromazolam, which is a benzodiazepine.
Article content
Mounties say this is the first recorded instance of Bromazolam in Alberta. The drug has previously been linked to nine fatal overdoses in New Brunswick in 2022.
The pills seized in Alberta were oval-shaped and stamped with “20” and “SS,” though Mounties say it can come in other forms.
Naloxone treatment, given in many cases of opioid toxicity, is not effective in reversing the effects of Bromazalam, Mounties said, and therefore, any fentanyl mixed with the benzodiazepine “would see a reduced effectiveness of naloxone, requiring the use of additional doses and may still result in a fatality.”
From January to November of last year, there were 1,706 opioid-related deaths in Alberta, and 57 linked to benzodiazepine, up from 1,375 and 43, respectively, in 2022.
Mounties say officers responded to about 1,100 opioid-related calls for service, last year with a third of those proving fatal. RCMP officers also used naloxone 67 times while in the field, a jump of nearly a third over the previous year.
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Health
CFIA continues surveillance for HPAI in cattle, while sticking with original name for disease – RealAgriculture
The Canada Food Inspection Agency will continue to refer to highly pathogenic avian influenza in cattle as HPAI in cattle, and not refer to it as bovine influenza A virus (BIAV), as suggested by the American Association of Bovine Practitioners earlier this month.
Dr. Martin Appelt, senior director for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the interview below, says at this time Canada will stick with “HPAI in cattle” when referencing the disease that’s been confirmed in dairy cattle in multiple states in the U.S.
The CFIA’s naming policy is consistent with the agency’s U.S. counterparts’, as the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has also said it will continue referring to it as HPAI or H5N1.
Appelt explains how the CFIA is learning from the U.S. experience to-date, and how it is working with veterinarians across Canada to stay vigilant for signs of the disease in dairy and beef cattle.
As of April 19, there has not been a confirmed case of HPAI in cattle in Canada. Appelt says it’s too soon to say if an eventual positive case will significantly restrict animal movement, as is the case with positive poultry cases.
This is a major concern for the cattle industry, as beef cattle especially move north and south across the U.S. border by the thousands. Appelt says that CFIA will address an infection in each species differently in conjunction with how the disease is spread and the threat to neighbouring farms or livestock.
Currently, provincial dairy organizations have advised producers to postpone any non-essential tours of dairy barns, as a precaution, in addition to other biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of cattle contracting HPAI.
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Health
Toronto reports 2 more measles cases. Use our tool to check the spread in Canada – Toronto Star
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Canada has seen a concerning rise in measles cases in the first months of 2024.
By the third week of March, the country had already recorded more than three times the number of cases as all of last year. Canada had just 12 cases of measles in 2023, up from three in 2022.
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