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NASA’s metal mission, hungry hippos chew badly, music synchronizes us and more…

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Quirks and Quarks54:02NASA’s metal mission, hungry hippos chew badly, music synchronizes us, cicada boom is trees bane and risks and rewards of deep sea mining

 


On this episode of Quirks & Quarks with Bob McDonald:

A metal mission — NASA launches a spacecraft to Psyche

 

Quirks and Quarks8:34A metal mission — NASA launches a spacecraft to Psyche

 

NASA has just launched the Psyche mission, beginning the spacecraft’s journey to the asteroid belt to visit a kind of asteroid we’ve never had a close look at before. The asteroid, also called Psyche, is thought to be metal-rich, and could give insight into what’s at the core of planets like ours. David Lawrence is a principal professional staff member in the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. He’s also the lead investigator for one of the instruments aboard Psyche — a gamma ray and neutron spectrometer that will help determine the asteroid’s composition.

Hungry Hippos don’t chew very well

 

Quirks and Quarks7:51Hungry Hippos don’t chew very well

 

Hippos are known for their monstrous mouths and terrifying teeth. But as it turns out, those qualities haven’t made them great chewers. A new study published in PLOS One shows hippos struggle with the side to side grinding movement that would allow them to chew their food efficiently. As professor Marcus Clauss and colleagues at the University of Zurich found, the herbivores seem to have sacrificed their chewing ability for qualities that would help in a different area: using their gigantic jaws to fight.

A hippo skull showing large teeth. Though the jaws are powerful, professor Marcus Clauss says hippos chew very inefficiently. (Michelle Aimée)

Music makes your heart go pitter-pat just like other people’s hearts

 

Quirks and Quarks8:17Music makes your heart go pitter-pat just like other people’s hearts

 

The audience at a classical music concert experiences shared responses beyond simply the pleasure of listening to the music. Using wearable sensors and motion capture technology, psychologist Wolfgang Tschacher — a professor emeritus at the University of Bern in Switzerland — found that most people in the concert hall became completely in sync in terms of movement, heart rate and breathing rate. Our tendency to synchronize like this comes from deep in our evolutionary past. His research was published in Scientific Reports.

The string quintet Ensemble Epitaph performing for an audience wearing heart and breathing rate monitors at the Radialsystem venue in Berlin in September of 2020. (Phil Dera)

Cicadas boom and trees get busted

 

Quirks and Quarks7:43Cicadas boom and trees get busted

 

The emergence of cicadas every 17 years has a cascading effect on forest ecosystems. Zoe Getman-Pickering, a biologist who did her research at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., found that when the billions of cicadas emerge, they provide an instant and abundant food source for many animals, including the 80 bird species that were studied in the eastern United States. This means caterpillars thrive as birds ignore them, resulting in more leaf damage on their host oak trees. Her research was published in Science.

A grackle, one of 80 bird species that researchers studied in the eastern United States, eats one of the billions of periodical cicadas that emerge every 17 years. (Daniel S. Gruner)

Understanding the risks and rewards of deep sea mining

 

Quirks and Quarks19:19Understanding the risks and rewards of deep sea mining

 

Commercial interest in mining valuable metals from the deep ocean floor has increased enormously in recent years, but we’ve also begun to realise that these ecosystems are home to rare and fragile forms of life. A recent expedition to mineral-rich hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean discovered subterranean habitats under the vents that are teeming with life. Sabine Gollner, from the Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, said these underground cave habitats may be connected, and therefore we need to learn more about them before they’re mined.

In another very different type of environment, balls metal called of polymetallic nodules, full of valuable minerals lie scattered on the seafloor. Muriel Rabone, from the Natural History Museum in London, said she and her colleagues estimated there could be as many as 6,000 to 8,000 species living on and near these nodules, 90 per cent of which are unknown to science. Their study was published in the journal Current Biology

Breaking open the rocks at a hydrothermal vent in the Pacific Ocean. (ROV SuBastian/Schmidt Ocean Institute​)

 

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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