NASA’s Perseverance Mission Is Awesome - So What’s The Weather Like On Mars? - Forbes | Canada News Media
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NASA’s Perseverance Mission Is Awesome – So What’s The Weather Like On Mars? – Forbes

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I am always so proud when NASA achieves. I certainly have a bias because of spending twelve years of my career as a research meteorologist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It was one of the most rewarding experiences of my life. I even made it through questions like, “Do you forecast for shuttle launches?” or “Do you know any astronauts?” NASA’s mission includes far more than the human spaceflight but that is only what many people associate with the agency. While my work was related to the Earth Science Division, this past week NASA achieved another spectacular achievement in planetary exploration by landing Perseverance on Mars. Some of you may be wondering, “So what’s the weather like there?”

A good place to answer that question is by following Mars Weather on Twitter. Though not an official NASA site, it provides updates from weather instruments aboard the Mars Curiosity and NASA Insight platforms. Curiosity is a rover on Mars that carries the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS). According to the NASA JPL website, “Curiosity is taking daily weather measurements at Gale Crater in the southern hemisphere of Mars, near the equator.”

At that location, it is currently early autumn. The weather reported on February 18th at that location is shown above. On Sol 3035, the high temperature was 18 degrees F, and the low temperature was -101 degrees F. If you look at the previous days, this was actually the warmest day of the week. By the way, a “sol” is a Martian day (24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds), and it is a bit longer than our day One year on Mars is roughly 668 sols.

The Mars Insight lander is at Elysium Planitia and can also provide weather information, however, the NASA website recently posted that, “InSight has temporarily suspended daily weather measurements. As more data becomes available, it will appear below.” The Insight website does have a really interesting plot of seasonal weather data (see above) at the location near the Martian equator. Air temperature does not vary wildly, and it doesn’t near our Equator either. The seasonal cycle is very evident in pressure, wind direction, and atmospheric opacity, which is a measurement of how much sunlight is blocked by Martian dust. By the way, NASA recently released amazing audio from the Perseverance mission with a gentle breeze in the background.

There are other fascinating aspects of Martian weather. The U.S. just experienced a crippling cold blast because of a weakened Polar Vortex. Mars has a Polar Vortex too. I have described it previously in Forbes. Check out the rather festive NASA assessment of the role of the Martian Polar Vortex on the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft. It even mentions Santa.

While Polar Vortex features are actually common on planetary bodies of our solar system, Mars also has smaller vortex features. Martian dust tornadoes or “dust devils” can disrupt solar energy to rovers, but they can also clean their solar panels too. Like thunderstorms on Earth, sunlight warming the surface can destabilize the air and cause rising motion. NASA’s website points out that, “Rising plumes of warm air create everything from small dust devils, similar to those that form in deserts on Earth, to larger continent-sized storms.” Like Earth, the aforementioned seasonal cycle on Mars is caused by the axial tilt as the planet orbits the Sun. Mars has a less circular orbit than Earth so its Southern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun in summer, which means larger dust storms then.

The Perseverance mission is designed to pave the way for human exploration of Mars by assessing the geology and past climate of the planet. Lisa May is Chief Technologist for Lockheed Martin Commercial Civil Space Advanced Programs and a veteran of the NASA Mars program. She told me, “After decades of planning, there will finally be pristine samples scientists can analyze in labs back on Earth.” This matters because Mars rocks have not been altered as much by weather and may hold secrets about the early solar system and Earth. The mission also carries the Mars helicopter Ingenuity, which is a technology demonstration to evaluate powered flight on Mars. As a meteorologist, I will be watching this part of the mission very closely because things that fly usually are affected by weather. May went on to say, “the Mars helicopter design, like the complex Perseverance landing system, accommodates for the thin atmosphere on Mars (<1% of Earth’s).”

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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