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Nine terms you need to know to be a more responsible investor

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As responsible investing becomes more popular, terms like shareholder engagement can still be confusing.

Improved fluency in the language of responsible investing (RI) can help investors have more productive conversations with their advisors, and better explore options, says Tim Nash, a Toronto-based financial planner at Good Investing.

“It’s challenging to keep up with the terminology in this fast-growing space. There is confusion about the different approaches falling under the large RI umbrella.”

A recent report by Franklin Templeton Investments noted that 61 per cent of Canadian respondents deemed environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues to be important considerations for investing. Only four in 10 knew what ESG involves.

Those interested in pursuing this style of investing in 2023 need to know these nine terms in the RI glossary:

  • Responsible investing. This broad term covers any investment strategy that incorporates ESG factors, according to the United Nations’ Principles for Responsible Investment. Those factors can be wide-ranging, from climate change, to human rights, to executive pay.
  • ESG integration. With publicly traded companies, investors and asset managers can analyze the performance of ESG factors such as greenhouse gas emissions or diversity in the C-suite, along with financial data. The quality of results depends partly on the trustworthiness of the available information, according to the Centre for Sustainable Finance at the University of Cambridge. Beware of “greenwashing,” says Mr. Nash, where companies make claims to reduce emissions, for example, but fail to follow through with reportable, measurable actions.
  • Sustainable investing. RI and sustainable investing are often considered interchangeable, Mr. Nash says. Companies with strong ESG metrics are generally considered more sustainable because they’re addressing a range of material risks that could have a negative impact on their profitability. The idea of this investing approach is to find businesses that can sustain growth well into the future.
  • Shareholder engagement. As shareholders in publicly traded companies, large RI investors such as pension and endowment funds often seek to engage the organizations to address unmet ESG concerns and manage risks. That can include dialogue with corporate leadership or shareholder action such as putting forward motions at annual meetings. “Through these techniques, shareholders exercise their rights and privileges and have an impact on corporate policy,” notes a white paper by Desjardins Group.
  • Divestment. If engagement fails, investors might decide to sell their position in a company. Divestment has also come to mean screening out companies involved in fossil-fuel production, states an RBC Global Asset Management report.
  • Negative screening. Divesting of fossil fuels represents a further evolution of negative screening, a strategy made popular in the 1990s when RI was called “ethical investing.” At the time, the approach often involved avoiding investments related to the production and sale of tobacco, pornography, gambling, alcohol and weapons. Beyond divesting from certain sectors, some investment approaches also screen out companies with poor ESG scores overall.
  • Positive screening. Similar to ESG integration, this strategy uses the principles of RI to evaluate a stock’s performance. Portfolios are built by selecting only the best-performing companies on ESG metrics for their sector. Positive and negative screening can sometimes go together. “Many investors now incorporate a mix of both approaches, screening out stocks to which they’re morally opposed and proactively choosing the best stocks that are making a difference in areas they care about,” the RI information site Impactivate explains.
  • Thematic investing. A spin on positive screening, this involves selecting companies according to a particular RI theme, such as investing in a renewable energy fund.
  • Impact investing. This strategy strives to uncover investments that have a beneficial social or environmental impact as well as a financial return, notes the Responsible Investment Association. These investments – which can involve an individual bond, an equity stake in a company or a fund – provide a range of returns while also aiming to support issues such as affordable housing or health equity.

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Economy

S&P/TSX gains almost 100 points, U.S. markets also higher ahead of rate decision

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TORONTO – Strength in the base metal and technology sectors helped Canada’s main stock index gain almost 100 points on Friday, while U.S. stock markets climbed to their best week of the year.

“It’s been almost a complete opposite or retracement of what we saw last week,” said Philip Petursson, chief investment strategist at IG Wealth Management.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 297.01 points at 41,393.78. The S&P 500 index was up 30.26 points at 5,626.02, while the Nasdaq composite was up 114.30 points at 17,683.98.

The S&P/TSX composite index closed up 93.51 points at 23,568.65.

While last week saw a “healthy” pullback on weaker economic data, this week investors appeared to be buying the dip and hoping the central bank “comes to the rescue,” said Petursson.

Next week, the U.S. Federal Reserve is widely expected to cut its key interest rate for the first time in several years after it significantly hiked it to fight inflation.

But the magnitude of that first cut has been the subject of debate, and the market appears split on whether the cut will be a quarter of a percentage point or a larger half-point reduction.

Petursson thinks it’s clear the smaller cut is coming. Economic data recently hasn’t been great, but it hasn’t been that bad either, he said — and inflation may have come down significantly, but it’s not defeated just yet.

“I think they’re going to be very steady,” he said, with one small cut at each of their three decisions scheduled for the rest of 2024, and more into 2025.

“I don’t think there’s a sense of urgency on the part of the Fed that they have to do something immediately.

A larger cut could also send the wrong message to the markets, added Petursson: that the Fed made a mistake in waiting this long to cut, or that it’s seeing concerning signs in the economy.

It would also be “counter to what they’ve signaled,” he said.

More important than the cut — other than the new tone it sets — will be what Fed chair Jerome Powell has to say, according to Petursson.

“That’s going to be more important than the size of the cut itself,” he said.

In Canada, where the central bank has already cut three times, Petursson expects two more before the year is through.

“Here, the labour situation is worse than what we see in the United States,” he said.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.61 cents US compared with 73.58 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down 32 cents at US$68.65 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was down five cents at US$2.31 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$30.10 at US$2,610.70 an ounce and the December copper contract was up four cents US$4.24 a pound.

— With files from The Associated Press

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

S&P/TSX composite down more than 200 points, U.S. stock markets also fall

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TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was down more than 200 points in late-morning trading, weighed down by losses in the technology, base metal and energy sectors, while U.S. stock markets also fell.

The S&P/TSX composite index was down 239.24 points at 22,749.04.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was down 312.36 points at 40,443.39. The S&P 500 index was down 80.94 points at 5,422.47, while the Nasdaq composite was down 380.17 points at 16,747.49.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.80 cents US compared with 74.00 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down US$1.07 at US$68.08 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was up less than a penny at US$2.26 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was down US$2.10 at US$2,541.00 an ounce and the December copper contract was down four cents at US$4.10 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 6, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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S&P/TSX composite up more than 150 points, U.S. stock markets also higher

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TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was up more than 150 points in late-morning trading, helped by strength in technology, financial and energy stocks, while U.S. stock markets also pushed higher.

The S&P/TSX composite index was up 171.41 points at 23,298.39.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 278.37 points at 41,369.79. The S&P 500 index was up 38.17 points at 5,630.35, while the Nasdaq composite was up 177.15 points at 17,733.18.

The Canadian dollar traded for 74.19 cents US compared with 74.23 cents US on Wednesday.

The October crude oil contract was up US$1.75 at US$76.27 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was up less than a penny at US$2.10 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$18.70 at US$2,556.50 an ounce and the December copper contract was down less than a penny at US$4.22 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Aug. 29, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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