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Omicron infects over 1,675 people during Christmas weekend in Hamilton – CBC.ca

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Over 1,675 people got infected with COVID-19 from Christmas Eve to Boxing Day, according to data from Hamilton Public Health Services.

The local public health unit reported 1,675 new confirmed or probable cases detected by contact tracers on the final weekend of 2021.

Public health officials say the actual number of infections in Hamilton is much higher because not everyone is getting a PCR test or reporting their case to public health. There is also a delay in testing and delivering testing results.

Experts have said the key metric to watch is the number of people in hospital since official case counts can’t capture the true magnitude of COVID-19’s Omicron variant.

Data from St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton and Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) show over 75 Hamiltonians were in local hospitals with COVID-19 as of Christmas Eve.

St. Joe’s is caring for 10 COVID patients and HHS is tending to 68 COVID patients. There are no more than eight people with the virus in both hospital networks’s intensive care units, according to the data.

Provincewide, there are 480 people are hospitalized with COVID-19 and 176 people are in intensive care units. 

Hamilton Public Health Services data shows how being unvaccinated against COVID-19 puts you at higher risk of hospitalization or death. (Hamilton Public Health Services)

The city’s case positivity rate is at 8.3 per cent — for context, local contact tracing is overwhelmed at about three per cent.

All this comes as the city tries to vaccinate as many people as possible with first doses, second doses and booster shots.

Booster shots vital in fight against Omicron: expert

Matthew Miller, an associate professor of infectious diseases and immunology at McMaster University, told CBC Hamilton while Omicron seems to lead to more mild symptoms, the general public may not understand what “mild illness” means.

“It doesn’t mean you’re walking around with sort of a minor sniffle, it basically means anything short of having to be hospitalized,” he said.

“It doesn’t mean you don’t feel really awful for a really long time … we don’t have a good grasp on [long-term effects] of people with Omicron.”

Miller adds that while two shots offer great protection against severe illness, people with only two doses are at much higher risk of getting infected by Omicron because it has more mutations that impact how antibodies bind. 

“What these third doses do is they really ramp up the amount of antibodies present in our blood and those antibodies, when present in high numbers, can protect us from ever being infected at all,” he said.

“When you get a third dose, those antibody levels rise really quickly [compared to the first and second dose].”

McMaster University assistant professor Matthew Miller says everyone should consider getting a booster shot against COVID-19. (McMaster University)

He also recommended people who already have COVID-19 should get a booster instead of relying on natural immunity.

“Studies are showing that vaccination of previously infected people gives really outstanding immunity. They make, sort of, a special class of antibodies that even people who are triply vaccinated don’t seem to make,” Miller said.

He said getting a booster will also stop people from spreading Omicron, which will prevent hospitalizations and ultimately end the wave of infections.

“What if you get in a car crash and hospitals are overwhelmed with COVID patients and can’t look after you? Those are the unintended consequences the average person doesn’t think of and that’s why it’s imperative we protect health-care capacity.”

Local doctor calls for booster walk-ins

Hamilton public health data shows as of Monday, there have already been 115,850 booster shots put into arms.

In comparison, there have been and 443,687 first doses administered since they’ve been available.

The city says 79.9 per cent of locals have the first shot and 75.1 per cent have the second dose.

A Hamilton public health worker prepares a vaccination. (Bobby Hristova/CBC)

Still, Dr. Jill Wiwcharuk, a member of Hamilton Social Medicine Response Team, said public health-led vaccine clinics aren’t as efficient as they should be.

In a video posted on Dec. 23, Wiwcharuk recalled responding to an urgent call for help at a vaccine clinic and only jabbing about 20 people in three-and-a-half hours.

“I had long periods of time with nothing to do, looking at all the empty chairs in this huge space,” she said.

She said the public should be “outraged” the province pays doctors up to $220 per hour to vaccinate people despite the “gross inefficiencies.”

She added while health-care workers are eager to vaccinate people and locals are eager to get vaccinated, bureaucracy is preventing clinics from being more efficient.

“Third doses are fast to give … we could be vaccinating many more times the numbers now if public health opened clinics to walk-ins for third doses,” Wiwcharuk said.

“Waiting on this … is simply unethical in my opinion, not to mention it once again leaves behind the most marginalized individuals in our communities who may not have reliable access to phones and computers for booked appointments.”

In response to comments from Wiwcharuk, Hamilton public health told CBC “that booked appointments rather than walk-ins are a more effective strategy during this phase of the local vaccine program.” 

Aisling Higgins, a city communications officer, said feedback is “encouraged and welcomed” from healthcare partners to ensure “improvements are continually made to the operations of vaccine clinics across Hamilton.” 

“We do encourage our community partners who are working with vulnerable populations to use the most effective strategy to provide COVID-19 vaccines to the individuals they are serving, in the vaccines clinics that they are operating,” she added. “That has been a key part of the success of reaching vulnerable populations.” 

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Whooping cough is at a decade-high level in US

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MILWAUKEE (AP) — Whooping cough is at its highest level in a decade for this time of year, U.S. health officials reported Thursday.

There have been 18,506 cases of whooping cough reported so far, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. That’s the most at this point in the year since 2014, when cases topped 21,800.

The increase is not unexpected — whooping cough peaks every three to five years, health experts said. And the numbers indicate a return to levels before the coronavirus pandemic, when whooping cough and other contagious illnesses plummeted.

Still, the tally has some state health officials concerned, including those in Wisconsin, where there have been about 1,000 cases so far this year, compared to a total of 51 last year.

Nationwide, CDC has reported that kindergarten vaccination rates dipped last year and vaccine exemptions are at an all-time high. Thursday, it released state figures, showing that about 86% of kindergartners in Wisconsin got the whooping cough vaccine, compared to more than 92% nationally.

Whooping cough, also called pertussis, usually starts out like a cold, with a runny nose and other common symptoms, before turning into a prolonged cough. It is treated with antibiotics. Whooping cough used to be very common until a vaccine was introduced in the 1950s, which is now part of routine childhood vaccinations. It is in a shot along with tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. The combo shot is recommended for adults every 10 years.

“They used to call it the 100-day cough because it literally lasts for 100 days,” said Joyce Knestrick, a family nurse practitioner in Wheeling, West Virginia.

Whooping cough is usually seen mostly in infants and young children, who can develop serious complications. That’s why the vaccine is recommended during pregnancy, to pass along protection to the newborn, and for those who spend a lot of time with infants.

But public health workers say outbreaks this year are hitting older kids and teens. In Pennsylvania, most outbreaks have been in middle school, high school and college settings, an official said. Nearly all the cases in Douglas County, Nebraska, are schoolkids and teens, said Justin Frederick, deputy director of the health department.

That includes his own teenage daughter.

“It’s a horrible disease. She still wakes up — after being treated with her antibiotics — in a panic because she’s coughing so much she can’t breathe,” he said.

It’s important to get tested and treated with antibiotics early, said Dr. Kris Bryant, who specializes in pediatric infectious diseases at Norton Children’s in Louisville, Kentucky. People exposed to the bacteria can also take antibiotics to stop the spread.

“Pertussis is worth preventing,” Bryant said. “The good news is that we have safe and effective vaccines.”

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AP data journalist Kasturi Pananjady contributed to this report.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Scientists show how sperm and egg come together like a key in a lock

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How a sperm and egg fuse together has long been a mystery.

New research by scientists in Austria provides tantalizing clues, showing fertilization works like a lock and key across the animal kingdom, from fish to people.

“We discovered this mechanism that’s really fundamental across all vertebrates as far as we can tell,” said co-author Andrea Pauli at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna.

The team found that three proteins on the sperm join to form a sort of key that unlocks the egg, allowing the sperm to attach. Their findings, drawn from studies in zebrafish, mice, and human cells, show how this process has persisted over millions of years of evolution. Results were published Thursday in the journal Cell.

Scientists had previously known about two proteins, one on the surface of the sperm and another on the egg’s membrane. Working with international collaborators, Pauli’s lab used Google DeepMind’s artificial intelligence tool AlphaFold — whose developers were awarded a Nobel Prize earlier this month — to help them identify a new protein that allows the first molecular connection between sperm and egg. They also demonstrated how it functions in living things.

It wasn’t previously known how the proteins “worked together as a team in order to allow sperm and egg to recognize each other,” Pauli said.

Scientists still don’t know how the sperm actually gets inside the egg after it attaches and hope to delve into that next.

Eventually, Pauli said, such work could help other scientists understand infertility better or develop new birth control methods.

The work provides targets for the development of male contraceptives in particular, said David Greenstein, a genetics and cell biology expert at the University of Minnesota who was not involved in the study.

The latest study “also underscores the importance of this year’s Nobel Prize in chemistry,” he said in an email.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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