Opinion: A carbon tax will hurt the economy, but that doesn't mean it isn't the right policy | Canada News Media
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Opinion: A carbon tax will hurt the economy, but that doesn’t mean it isn’t the right policy

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Anti-carbon tax protesters wave signs and chant slogans as they block a westbound lane of the Trans Canada highway near Cochrane, Alta., on April 1, 2024.Jeff McIntosh/The Canadian Press

Claude Lavoie was director-general of economic studies and policy analysis at the Department of Finance from 2008 to 2023. He has represented Canada at Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development meetings.

Let’s be honest: A carbon tax will hurt the economy, and Canada reducing its emissions will not do much for climate change. But we should also do our part, and carbon pricing is the option that should appeal the most to conservative-minded people and be the least economically damaging.

Canada, along with many countries, signed the Paris agreement and committed to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 40 to 45 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. Carbon pricing was adopted as the main instrument to fulfill this commitment, as economists think it is the most growth-friendly way to reduce emissions.

Under carbon pricing, emitters either buy permits or pay a tax for each ton of GHG emissions. The permit and tax systems each have pros and cons, but both result in fees for purchasing fossil fuels. Carbon fuel purchasers pass this fee to consumers through higher prices for electricity, gasoline, and for the products and services that use them.

As carbon price increases, goods delivered with electric vehicles or produced with renewable energy will become cheaper than goods delivered or produced using fossil fuels. Higher emitting firms will want to use less fossil fuel to keep their prices low and remain competitive. This may mean changes such as using more efficient boilers or better insulation. On the consumer side, savings may mean driving less (or slower) and more fuel-efficient cars.

Carbon pricing should appeal to those who prefer small government, as it’s less administratively complex to operate than regulations or subsidies, and gives Canadians full freedom of choice. Regulations or subsidies (for example, strongly incentivizing firms or consumers to buy a particular piece of equipment or vehicle) wrongly assume that civil servants know better what households and firms should do.

Carbon pricing should please fiscal conservatives, as it generates revenues that can be redistributed or used to finance other policies. In contrast, subsidies give taxpayer money to large emitters and regulations need regulators to enforce them. Regulations also raise prices and hurt the economy more than taxes.

Carbon pricing does negatively affect some workers. For example, those who have no access to public transit have no alternative but to bear the tax.

However, without carbon pricing, people would have less incentive to replace their car with a more energy-efficient one or demand better public transit. Why continue to postpone the inevitable need to adapt? The money from the Canada Carbon Rebate and the gradual increase in the carbon price help alleviate the burden and give people time to adjust.

High carbon prices – or any emission regulation – will certainly hurt the oil and gas sector. Reducing emissions requires using less of those energy sources. Policies to reduce smoking also had negative effects on the tobacco industry. What is needed here are better policies to help workers transition to other industries.

Does carbon pricing work? It seems to, as studies show that emissions grow slower in countries with carbon pricing. But the price may need to reach a higher level to see an absolute decline in emissions. The carbon tax was effective in reducing emissions in Sweden, but it reached $170 per tonne of emissions last year, compared with $65 a tonne in Canada.

Some certainty on the future of the system is also necessary. No firm will make long-term investments in costly energy-efficient technologies if they think carbon pricing will disappear. The current political divide is certainly not helping.

Does carbon pricing increase the cost of living? Not necessarily. The goal is to increase the relative cost of emissions-intensive goods and services. But if the Bank of Canada continues keeping inflation at its 2-per-cent target, increases in the price of emissions-intensive goods and services by more than 2 per cent will be countered by increases in other prices by less than 2 per cent. This would keep the cost-of-living increases at the same rate as it would have been without carbon pricing.

Although not perfect, carbon pricing seems to be a reasonable approach. But there is no denying it imposes costs on the economy. Why bear these costs? After all, until countries such as India, China and the U.S. do more, global warming will occur whatever Canada does.

But which side of history do we want to be on? How could we continue to put pressure on these countries if we abandon our commitment? What trade barriers will our exports face? How will it affect our reputation and ability to join other international agreements?

Anybody advocating to “axe the tax” needs to propose a viable alternative or admit wanting to renege on our international commitments. Canadians deserve a clear and frank debate.

 

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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