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Opinion: A frail Canadian economy risks plunging into further turmoil – The Globe and Mail

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The downtown Toronto cityscape and office towers are silhouetted by the setting sun as seen from the Parliament St. and Front St. East area.Fred Lum/The Globe and Mail

Pedro Antunes is chief economist at the Conference Board of Canada.

Canada’s inflation rate has dropped below 3 per cent – the top of the Bank of Canada’s target range. However, getting inflation the rest of the way back down to 2 per cent may prove more elusive than we think. This means that higher rates for longer are possible. This could lead to stalled business revenues, skyrocketing bankruptcies, and rock-bottom consumer and business confidence.

In the current Conference Board of Canada forecast, economic growth is expected to accelerate later this year as interest rates begin to fall. But with economic growth stalled since early 2023, there are significant risks that a longer and more severe correction could occur.

Inflation has hit most developed economies in a similar way, peaking in June of 2022 in the United States and Canada, and in October, in Britain and much of Europe. Inflation came down sharply through most of 2023, as the effects of supply chain problems and higher commodity prices ebbed. However, the downward progress on inflation has slowed markedly in recent months.

U.S. inflation has been stuck above 3 per cent since June of last year and, even as Canada’s inflation rate edged below that level in January, that’s also in line with where it was at in the spring of 2023. Moreover, heightened inflation expectations persist, binding the Bank of Canada to a hawkish stand and hinting at a prolonged period of elevated interest rates.

Inflation, coupled with a steep rise in debt financing costs, is dealing a blow to consumers – one perhaps more painful than we realize. Total real household spending has stalled since the second quarter of 2023, but that flat performance has been buoyed up by an extraordinary surge in population growth.

The Conference Board estimates that real per capita consumer spending decreased by 0.7 per cent last year and, given the weak start to this year, there would likely be a decline of 1.6 per cent in 2024. This is much weaker than what occurred during the 2008-09 financial crisis and more in line with the deep recession in 1991-92 – a recession, for those that remember, caused by monetary tightening intended to beat back inflation.

Even as population growth keeps consumer spending positive this year, the business environment has deteriorated dramatically. Business revenues have stalled while financing costs and wages continue to climb. Exacerbating matters, bloated inventories plague businesses. Inventory accumulation accelerated in 2022, as supply chain issues were resolved, but sales didn’t follow, leaving businesses with massive inventories and stock-to-sales ratios reminiscent of the early nineties recession.

Stalled sales and higher costs are driving down profits, and Statistics Canada data show that corporate profits plummeted by nearly half, to just $167-billion in the third quarter of 2023 from an average of $324-billion in 2022. This is affecting the viability of many small and medium-sized businesses. Business bankruptcies, which had been trending up over the past 18 months, surged dramatically over the last few months of 2023.

The precarious balance of consumer and business confidence hangs by a thread, leaving the trajectory of Canada’s economy shrouded in uncertainty. Businesses went on a hiring spree following the pandemic closings, trying to narrow the gap on job vacancies and surging demand as the economy reopened. But the situation turned sharply last year and, despite stalled economic activity, employers have continued to hire or hold on to workers with the expectation that economic growth will rebound. The risk is that sustained economic malaise triggers job losses and further exacerbates a fragile economy.

The path to a soft landing hinges on conquering inflation. Success on this front would empower the Bank of Canada to lower interest rates, reignite consumer confidence and catalyze spending. However, failure to achieve this outcome could spell disaster, plunging an already frail economy into further turmoil.

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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