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Pluto’s Demotion Day A Chance To Salute The Disinherited Dwarf Planet – Abbotsford News

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In late August 2006, new discoveries upended a traditional, comfortable way of viewing our solar system: Scientists decided Pluto wasn’t a planet after all.

Some space nerds like to mourn Pluto’s loss of status — or celebrate the progress of science — by commemorating each Aug. 24 as Pluto Demotion Day.

To understand the significance, you have to go back to the 1800s, when astronomers noticed irregularities in the orbit of Neptune, the eighth planet. That led astronomers to look deeper into space for a theoretical Planet X.

Eventually they discovered tiny Pluto pursuing an oddly tilted and elongated orbit that ranges between 2.8 and 4.6 billion miles from the sun. It takes Pluto 248 of our years to run around the sun just once.

Astronomers declared Pluto a planet in 1930, but its weak gravity couldn’t fully explain Neptune’s orbital wobbles.

Scientists kept searching, and by the 1990s they were busy discovering many similar-sized objects in the same distant range of space — what turned out to be a second and far larger asteroid belt than the familiar one between Mars and Jupiter.

Thousands of large objects have been cataloged so far in that outer belt, the Kuiper Belt, and at least 200 of them are bigger than Pluto. Overall, the Kuiper Belt probably contains “hundreds of thousands of icy bodies larger than (62 miles) across and an estimated trillion or more comets,” according to NASA.

Maybe Pluto wasn’t so special after all. The International Astronomical Union felt obliged to formally define “planet” for the first time and to grapple with Pluto’s fate.

A planet, the IAU decided, is a celestial body that:

— orbits the sun;

— exerts sufficient “self-gravity” to pull itself into a “nearly round” shape, and;

— exerts sufficient gravity to dominate and clear its orbital neighborhood, either by slinging away or swallowing up smaller objects.

Pluto has the first and second criteria covered, but its gravity is just too weak to check that third box. It turns out to be just another icy stone plodding around the Kuiper Belt without sufficient gravitational oomph to clear its own pathway. On Aug. 24, 2006, the IAU designated Pluto and its many little buddies “dwarf planets.”

That’s gotta hurt, but Pluto has retained many fans and defenders — especially Alan Stern, lead scientist of the New Horizons space probe, whose 2015 flyby photos reveal a geologically complex world with mountains, a possible ocean and a thin atmosphere.

There’s also a mysterious, vast (1,000-mile-wide) light-colored region that looks uncannily like a valentine heart, which may be made of ice and snow. New Horizons took astonishing photographs of Pluto’s five moons, the smallest of which is just 10 miles across.

Complex geology should be added to the definition of “planet,” Stern has said, arguing that Pluto should be readmitted to the celestial VIP club.

In 2007 the American Dialectical Association coined the new verb “to pluto,” meaning “to demote or degrade.” The association noted “the great emotional reaction of the public to the demotion of Pluto. … (W)e still have a sense of connection with the former planet.”

Telescope required to see Pluto

You may want to check in with cold, lonely Pluto on Wednesday, its Demotion Day. Alas, the dwarf planet is so tiny and distant, you can’t see it without a telescope.

If you do have a telescope, here’s what to know. On Wednesday, Pluto rises in the east-southeast just after 6:30 p.m. lingers low over the southern horizon (below triangular constellation Capricornus, the goat) as it passes westward, and sets again in the west-southwest at about 3:15 a.m.

For many months after that, Pluto will rise and set earlier and earlier, making it even tougher to see. Try again in July 2023, when Pluto rises in the late evening and doesn’t set until around 7 a.m.

Sizing up Pluto

  • Diameters in miles
  • Jupiter: 86,881
  • Earth: 7,917
  • Ganyemede (Jupiter’s largest moon): 3,273
  • Mercury: 3,032
  • Earth’s moon: 2,160
  • Pluto: 1,477
  • Charon (Pluto’s largest moon): 753
  • Styx (Pluto’s smallest moon): 10

—Scott Hewitt

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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