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Samantha Science: Acoustic Diagnostics – Astronauts News – Wire Service Canada

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As has been known for several years, the environments of the International Space Station are relatively noisy. Various equipment in operation, environmental control systems, and crew activities produce continuous background noise even during the astronauts’ rest periods; Added to this is the constant exposure to microgravity. What effect do all these factors have on astronauts’ hearing abilities during long-duration space missions? Is it possible to implement countermeasures to counteract any negative effects? Are these adverse effects, if any, transient or permanent?

To all these questions, the experiment has been trying to answer since March 2019 Acoustic Diagnostics On board the International Space Station.

Investigation Developed in-orbit acoustic diagnostics (Acoustic Diagnostics) monitors the hearing capabilities of ISS crew members before, during and after flight in order to detect potential adverse effects of in-flight noise and microgravity on their hearing system.

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Monitoring the effects of microgravity and the acoustic environment on board the station as a function of time spent on board is important for identifying the warning symptoms of mild hearing impairment. These effects can be temporary or permanent and can lead to even greater hearing damage on future long-duration space exploration missions.

Microgravity conditions can affect the body’s hydrostatic balance by increasing fluid pressure in the head and thus disturbing the transmission to the middle ear. pressure abnormalities in shellFinally, they can damage structures.

Investigation Acoustic Diagnostics It aims to aid in a better understanding of whether hearing safety is a critical issue for designing future long-term missions and what countermeasures, if any, may be required. However, performing audiometric tests in a noisy environment such as that of the International Space Station, is a sensitive process that requires a certain type of test based on acoustic emissions (AutoAcoustic Emissions. acoustic emissionOAE).

OAEs are sounds our inner ear produces in response to an audio stimulus with the goal of gathering information to send to our brain. In the inner ear there are hair cells that act as sensory receptors and respond to external sounds with vibration; This same vibration produces a very faint sound that reverberates in the middle ear and can in turn be picked up by special headphones and recorded by the appropriate hardware.

The OAE-based test used in acoustic diagnostic research is an objective test, does not consider the active participation of the subject and is not affected by environmental noise because it uses specific acoustic stimuli. An OAE test is useful to see how well the inner ear and cochlea are working.

Luca Parmitano undergoes an audiodiagnostic test during his mission behind Held between July 2019 and February 2020. Credits: ESA/NASA

The development of portable devices capable of performing accurate audiological diagnoses in a noisy environment could also be useful in occupational medicine applications, in noisy industrial environments, for detecting temporary or permanent effects on the hearing abilities of noise-exposed workers. Of course, the advanced diagnostic system studied for this research could have various other clinical applications on Earth as well.

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Two crew members make three measurements during the flight with an interval of two months; They also take one measurement before the flight and two after the return. After each session the data is transmitted to Earth. Astronauts must follow a specific series of events: calibration in the ear canal, OAE testing and data transmission by means of a special program. The duration of each session is 75 minutes. The subject turns on the laptop and puts on headphones to take sound measurements and use the Astronaut app Everywhere To answer the questionnaires.

Outline diagram of the acquisition system for an intra-orbital Enhanced Acoustic Diagnostics trial (Acoustic Diagnostics). Credits: Arturo Moletti

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European astronaut Matthias Maurer undergoes an acoustic diagnostic test on January 24, 2022

Developed by the University of Rome’s Department of Physics Tor Vergata, sponsored by the European Space Agency, the experiment runs from March 2019 to September 2023 and includes missions 59/60, 61/62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68 and 69.
Like her colleagues who preceded her and will follow, Samantha Cristoforetti will also take part in this as well as in other experiments planned during her mission in Minerva.

In the next two videos, it is possible to constantly notice the background noise that characterizes the environments of the USOS part (Tropical part of the United States) from the station. It’s a bit outdated, but the current audio situation hasn’t changed much today.

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In this other video we can see the biggest noise on the Russian side of the station.

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Sources: NASA; Wikipedia

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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