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Solar panels, which heat the climate, can be? | Science | News | The sun – The Press Stories

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CThis is a question that many researchers have been asking themselves in recent years because its prototype is undeniable: a fraction of the sun’s energy reflected by the Earth’s surface is actually greater than that of solar panels. On average, the Earth reflects 30% of the sun’s light back into space (this is called the “albedo” of 0.30), although it varies from place to place – 80% of fresh snow, 40% of deserts, 25% of meadows. And 12-15% in the wild. As for solar panels, that is Reflects only 10%, The rest are converted into electricity (about 15%) or dissipated into heat (75%). Keep in mind that even the role of electricity will inevitably end up hot.

So it is obvious that solar panels have a warming effect, at least locally. But is this enough to nullify their environmental benefits, i.e. produce electricity (or almost) without GHGs? There are two things to note here: first, the potential “hot island” effect, which will be basically local; Then the potential climate effect on a large scale.

There is no doubt that solar power plants can create tropical islands, especially when installed in places with high albedo such as deserts – as this often happens, because deserts are the perfect places to increase the production of solar panels. Thus, an American study Released in 2016 Scientific reports Found a difference of 3-4 C overnight between a solar power plant and a desert area a few hundred meters away. A Chinese study was obtained The results went in the same direction Next year.

Keep in mind that this does not always seem to be the case French works In the city and in the heating panels (converting heat into electricity, not light, it is very efficient), these reduced the temperature by an average of 0.2 to 0.3 C. So, let’s keep in mind that the end result depends on the environment in which you are installing the solar panels – a black panel that replaces black asphalt singles, clearly not like a black panel. It covers a clear surface.

It is not clear whether “solar farms”, as they are called south of the border, can promote tropical islands, which have the ultimate effect of warming the climate. First, Simulations provided in 2013 During a conference of photovoltaic experts, if the temperature in the middle of a large solar power station is almost 2 C higher than the ambient temperature of 2.5 m above the ground, the difference dissipates very quickly, no longer measurable at an altitude of only 5 m, and the temperature difference disappears completely at night. This suggests that the effect will be more localized, not global.

Other works focus on the overall effect of solar panels, not only from the albedo view, but also on the GHGs that solar panels avoid. In Nature – Climate change In 2015, Researchers at Boulder University in Colorado concluded that “overall, the global climate change that can be triggered by the use of solar panels is small compared to the expected (1) climate change from fossil fuels.” So these panels are “profitable” from a climatic point of view, taking into account even the bulk of the remaining solar radiation on Earth.

However, this energy source may have a significant influence on the climate, but not in a positive way. If solar energy projects ever really reach the baronic ratio, the “regional” effects could be so strong that they are destabilizing the climate on a planetary scale. For example, Modeling work released in 2018 Science If we cover 20% of the entire Sahara (!) With photovoltaic panels, it would increase the surface temperature in this desert to about 2 C and be large enough to change the atmospheric circulation. The result will be increased rainfall in the Sahara and the Sahel (the southern semi-arid zone of the Sahara), which will be favorable for vegetation. This then increases the rainfall (because the plants “take” a lot of water from the earth and “sweat” through their leaves), which brings in more plants, which the earth absorbs even more energy. Sun, and so on. These effects are described as “beneficial” in the study, and the reason for this is easy to understand, but it shows that in at least some situations, truly gigantic solar power plants can disrupt the climate on a large scale.

A Another study on the same topic Its part decided that a solar power plant covering 20% ​​of the Sahara would actually cause planetary effects (drought in the Amazon, warming in the Arctic, etc.). This is a simple modeling for now, so it remains to be seen whether others will come to comparable conclusions – and then, if these predictions change in reality – but yes, in principle we can say that solar power plants are possible if they are beautiful and built in a specific environment, with global implications for the climate. Mr. As Le May requested, heating it is not necessary, but it can theoretically “disturb” it.

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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