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SpaceX Crew 4 and ISS National Lab Research in Space

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From technology demonstrations to examining how cells age in space, ISS National Lab research was included in the hundreds of research investigations the Crew-4 astronauts performed on station to help improve life on Earth.

During their six-month mission, the Crew-4 astronauts worked on numerous science experiments and technology demonstrations, many of which were sponsored by the International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory. The results from these research investigations will not only benefit people back on Earth but will also help to prepare humans for future deep space missions.

“We’ve had an extraordinary experience up here and done a lot of exciting science,” NASA astronaut Kjell Lindgren said ahead of the crew’s return.

The crew—NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Bob Hines, and Jessica Watkins and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti—returned to Earth on Friday, October 14 after launching to the orbiting laboratory in April.

Here’s a look back at some of their scientific achievements.

Radiation Shielding

Radiation exposure is a primary concern for space exploration and ensuring that astronauts have the ability to live and work effectively—and safely—during future Moon missions is crucial. To that end, a special vest developed by StemRad and Lockheed Martin was sent to the ISS to study how well it can protect astronauts from space radiation.

Over the last two years, multiple astronauts onboard the ISS, including Crew-4’s Jessica Watkins, have tested a prototype of the AstroRad vest for comfort and wearability. A second prototype vest will fly on the upcoming Artemis-1 mission to provide crucial data on the vest’s ability to protect astronauts on long-duration missions.

Spaceflight and aging

Funded by the National Institute of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) through the Tissue Chips in Space initiative in collaboration with the ISS National Laboratory, this investigation studied the relationship between immune aging and healing outcomes in space.

The experiment, from a team of researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, will help shed light on the effects of microgravity on the body’s immune system and how those effects play into the aging of immune cells. By observing immune function in microgravity and during cell recovery back on Earth, the research team hopes to better understand not only how immune cells change but also how the immune aging process could be reversed.

Tide in Space

The microgravity environment of the space station provides a unique platform to study how fluids interact on a fundamental level. Such research can lead to better products for consumers here on Earth. To that end, Procter & Gamble sent several of its Tide products to the ISS to see how well they perform in microgravity.

The experiments tested not only how well the products held up in the harsh microgravity environment, but also how well they worked against several staining agents commonly found on the space station. Results will help lead to potential new laundry options for astronauts and more sustainable products terrestrially.

Student Research

This student-led experiment tested the foundation for what could be a new type of biosensor to test water quality. Such a sensor would streamline water quality testing, providing a valuable tool for both space travelers and people in remote or low-resource communities on Earth who do not have access to sophisticated equipment.

The sensor relies on a molecular tool called BioBits, which can create a variety of proteins inside a test tube without the need for cell culture. The experiment, which was designed to test how efficiently the BioBits work in space, was proposed by Selin Kocalar, a high school student as part of the Genes in Space program.

Space Microbiome

Conducted by NASA astronaut Bob Hines before his departure from the ISS, the Rhodium Space Microbiome Isolates investigation is looking at bacterial species in the human gut microbiome that are known to change during spaceflight. Previous research has shown that changes in the gut microbiome are related to chronic and acute diseases.

A better understanding of this connection and changes in the gut microbiome could lead to the development of new tests for identifying changes to gut microbes that contribute to overall health. Results could help lead to personalized treatment options for future astronauts as well as patients on Earth.

ISS HAM Radio

Students can chat with the astronauts onboard the ISS via HAM radio through a program called Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS). During her flight, Cristoforetti spoke to many students, including a group of Italian students at the Istituto Comprensivo Tolfa, in Tolfa, Lazio.

ARISS, an ISS National Lab educational partner program, arranges 60-80 of these calls each year, connecting students from around the world with astronauts on the space station.

ISS EarthKAM

The Sally Ride EarthKAM, named after NASA astronaut Sally Ride, is designed as an educational outreach program to help students and the public learn about the Earth by viewing it from space.

The astronauts set up the camera, which then allows students to photograph and view the Earth from an astronaut’s perspective. The students control the camera from their classrooms, snapping pictures of the Earth that will later be posted online for the public and other classrooms around the world to view.

Microgravity and Skin Healing

An investigation from researchers at the Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience looked at skin healing in microgravity. Mice are used as a model organism because they have many similarities with humans and researchers can use them to study fundamental biological processes.

Through this experiment, the research team studied the effects of spaceflight on systemic and local responses of skin healing to better understand the biological changes that happen in the healing process. Identifying changes that affect tissue regeneration could help researchers discover therapeutic targets for improved treatments.

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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