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SpaceX launches next-gen GPS satellite for US Space Force, lands rocket – Space.com

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CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — SpaceX successfully launched an advanced GPS satellite for the U.S. Space Force on Thursday (Nov. 5), marking the first launch in nearly two weeks here on the Space Coast. 

One of the company’s two-stage Falcon 9 rockets blasted off from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station here at 6:24 p.m. EST (2324 GMT), carrying the GPS III-SV04 satellite to orbit. Nine minutes later, the rocket’s first stage touched down on the deck of “Of Course I Still Love You,” one of SpaceX’s two drone ships

The GPS III-SV04 mission had been set to follow on the heels of a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket, which was scheduled to loft a U.S. spy satellite from Cape Canaveral on Tuesday (Nov. 3). However, the Atlas V launch was delayed twice due to issues with ground systems equipment. ULA is now targeting Friday (Nov. 6) for that liftoff.

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Related: The U.S. GPS satellite network explained 

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the U.S. Space Force’s GPS III-SV04 navigation satellite lifts off from Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, on Nov. 5, 2020.  (Image credit: SpaceX/YouTube)

It was a crystal clear night here on the Space Coast, and onlookers were able to follow the rocket through the different phases of launch. A nebula-like cloud, typically visible on clear nights, formed around the rocket as the first and second stages separated. The booster’s reentry burn was also visible from a press viewing area.  

Tonight’s GPS mission had been waiting to get off the ground since SpaceX was forced to call an abort on Oct. 2. In the final seconds of the countdown that day, the Falcon 9’s computer detected an engine anomaly, and the rocket’s onboard flight termination system shut the engines down. Crews were able to safe the vehicle and, after a thorough investigation, pinpoint the issue.

SpaceX determined that residue from a “masking lacquer,” which is designed to protect sensitive engine parts during anti-corrosion anodizing treatment, was left behind post-treatment. The lacquer ended up blocking 0.06-inch-wide (1.6 millimeters) vent holes for valves in two of the nine Merlin engines on the Falcon 9’s first stage, SpaceX representatives said in a news briefing on Oct. 28.

The same traces of lacquer were detected in engines on two other Falcon 9 first stages — one on the rocket that will launch the Sentinel-6 Earth-observation satellite and one on the booster that will launch Crew-1, SpaceX’s next astronaut mission. SpaceX has swapped out the affected engines. The Crew-1 launch date, scheduled for Nov. 14, was not affected by this swap. However, SpaceX and NASA are postponing the Sentinel-6 mission until after Crew-1, setting a new target date of Nov. 21.

Today’s flight marks the third GPS delivery for SpaceX. Two previous advanced GPS III missions also launched on Falcon 9 rockets, including one this past June. Another of the satellites launched on the final flight of ULA’s Delta IV Medium in August 2019. 

The U.S. military plans to launch a total of 10 upgraded GPS satellites, which will replace aging members of its current constellation. SpaceX has secured additional contracts to launch the next two GPS III missions, which are expected to lift off sometime next year. 

Built by Lockheed Martin in Colorado, the GPS III-SV04 satellite launched today is the fourth member of an upgraded generation of GPS navigation spacecraft that beam down higher-power signals that are more resilient to jamming and boast additional broadcast frequencies to make the GPS network more compatible with other similar constellations, Lockheed representatives have said.

Related: See the evolution of SpaceX’s rockets in pictures

Falcon’s fury

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket touches down on the drone ship “Of Course I Still Love You” after launching the U.S. Space Force’s GPS III-SV04 navigation satellite to orbit, on Nov. 5, 2020. (Image credit: SpaceX/YouTube)

The 227-foot-tall (70 meters) Falcon 9 is SpaceX’s workhorse, and the rocket boasts more than 1.5 million pounds of thrust at liftoff. Today’s mission featured a fresh-off-the-factory-floor Falcon, its exterior stark white for its first trip to space. 

SpaceX has been relying heavily on its fleet of veteran rockets, with many Falcon 9 first stages having racked up five or more flights each. The booster that launched today, known by the SpaceX designation B1062, could be the last brand-new one we see launch a GPS satellite, as the U.S. government has given SpaceX the green light to launch future military missions on flight-proven boosters

That decision followed on the heels of another recent announcement to allow SpaceX to recover the rocket’s first stage during national security missions — something that was previously not allowed. The next two GPS missions, which are already scheduled to fly on SpaceX rockets sometime next year, will now launch atop refurbished rockets.

That announcement is a first for national-security payloads and could result in savings of nearly $53 million for American taxpayers across the two flights, Space Force officials said.

What’s in a name?

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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the U.S. Space Force's GPS III-SV04 navigation satellite lifts off from Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, on Nov. 5, 2020.

(Image credit: SpaceX/YouTube)
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The Falcon 9 rocket's second stage separates with the U.S. Space Force's GPS III-SV04 satellite shortly after liftoff on Nov. 5, 2020.

(Image credit: SpaceX/YouTube)
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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket touches down on the drone ship "Of Course I Still Love You" after launching the U.S. Space Force's GPS III-SV04 navigation satellite to orbit, on Nov. 5, 2020.

(Image credit: SpaceX/YouTube)

The military has given nicknames to each of the upgraded GPS satellites, naming them after famous explorers. The satellite that launched tonight was given the moniker “Sacagawea” after the Shoshone guide who helped Lewis and Clark on their expedition through the American West in the early 1800s.

Previous satellites have been named “Vespucci” and “Magellan” in honor of explorers Amerigo Vespucci and Ferdinand Magellan. The satellite that launched in June was originally dubbed Columbus, but it recently received a new nickname: “Henson,” in honor of black explorer Matthew Henson, who was part of the first expedition to the North Pole more than a century ago. 

All of the monikers are unofficial nicknames given to the satellites prior to launch as a way of honoring explorers of the past and continuing a spaceflight tradition of naming spacecraft. 

The next few missions already have names selected for the respective satellites. The fifth satellite, GPS III-SV05, will be called Neil Armstrong. Space Force officials say other satellites to come will be named after Amelia Earhart, Sally Ride and Katherine Johnson.

Flight milestones

Today’s mission marks the 97th Falcon 9 rocket to fly and the 20th mission of 2020 for SpaceX. It also marks the 64th successful booster recovery. SpaceX’s drone ship, “Of Course I Still Love You,” was positioned out in the Atlantic Ocean, awaiting its recovery attempt. 

The company’s other drone ship, “Just Read the Instructions,” is hanging out in Port Canaveral for now, awaiting its next mission. The massive ship, which now has 11 rocket catches under its belt, transferred to the East Coast earlier this year, after receiving some sweet upgrades.

Today’s launch also was the first since August to feature a brand new SpaceX booster. The engine issue temporarily grounded SpaceX’s new boosters, allowing the company to focus on veteran rockets and its own Starlink internet constellation. In the month of October, SpaceX launched a record 180 Starlink satellites, bringing the total number launched to nearly 900. 

B1062 was the star of the show today, and it will also likely be the first Falcon 9 booster to carry two different GPS satellites to orbit; it’s scheduled to launch the next one, sometime next year. This will mark the first time that a previously flown Falcon 9 will hoist one of these advanced global positioning satellites. 

With the last Starlink mission, which launched on Oct. 24, SpaceX hit a major milestone: 100 successful Falcon launches. This total encompasses the entire Falcon family, including the pioneering (and long discontinued) Falcon 1 and the currently operational Falcon Heavy. SpaceX tweeted out a video recently to commemorate the milestone. 

Fairing recovery 

One of SpaceX’s two fairing catchers, GO Ms. Chief, is waiting in the recovery zone this evening. The two boats are outfitted with massive nets to catch the falling pieces of the rocket’s payload fairing, or nose cone, after they are deployed during flight. (SpaceX fairings come back to Earth in two halves.)

GO Ms. Chief departed Port Canaveral on Wednesday (Nov. 4) ahead of today’s launch. The vessel traveled solo this time as its counterpart, GO Ms. Tree, remained in Port in Florida. (The boat was damaged on a previous mission and could presumably still be undergoing repairs.) 

During a prelaunch broadcast, SpaceX engineer Jessica Anderson announced that the company would not be attempting a catch, but instead would scoop up the fairing pieces after they land in the ocean. The boats have the capability of catching falling fairings in their nets, or scooping them out of the water after they splash down. Those efforts should occur approximately 45 minutes after liftoff. 

With the help of Ms. Tree and Ms. Chief, SpaceX has been successful in its attempts to reuse more of the rocket, even reusing several fairings on multiple missions. 

Up next for SpaceX is Crew-1, its first contracted crewed mission to the International Space Station for NASA. A different Falcon 9 rocket will ferry four astronauts to the station for a six-month stay. That flight is set to blast off from Pad 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 14 at 7:29 p.m. EST (0029 GMT on Nov. 15). 

Follow Amy Thompson on Twitter @astrogingersnap. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook.

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Jeremy Hansen – The Canadian Encyclopedia

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Early Life and Education

Jeremy Hansen grew up on a farm near the community of Ailsa Craig, Ontario, where he attended elementary school. His family moved to Ingersoll,
Ontario, where he attended Ingersoll District Collegiate Institute. At age 12 he joined the 614 Royal Canadian Air Cadet Squadron in London, Ontario. At 16 he earned his Air Cadet
glider pilot wings and at 17 he earned his private pilot licence and wings. After graduating from high school and Air Cadets, Hansen was accepted for officer training in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). He was trained at Chilliwack, British Columbia, and the Royal Military College at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu,
Quebec. Hansen then enrolled in the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston,
Ontario. In 1999, he completed a Bachelor of Science in space science with First Class Honours and was a Top Air Force Graduate from the Royal Military College. In 2000, he completed his Master of Science in physics with a focus on wide field of view satellite tracking.   

CAF Pilot

In 2003, Jeremy Hansen completed training as a CF-18 fighter pilot with the 410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron at Cold Lake, Alberta.
From 2004 to 2009, he served by flying CF-18s with the 441 Tactical Fighter Squadron and the 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron. He also flew as Combat Operations Officer at 4 Wing Cold Lake. Hansen’s responsibilities included NORAD operations effectiveness,
Arctic flying operations and deployed exercises. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 2017. (See also Royal Canadian Air Force.)

Career as an Astronaut

In May 2009, Jeremy Hansen and David Saint-Jacques were chosen out of 5,351 applicants in the Canadian Space Agency’s
(CSA) third Canadian Astronaut Recruitment Campaign. He graduated from Astronaut Candidate Training in 2011 and began working at the Mission Control Center in Houston, Texas, as capsule communicator (capcom, the person in Mission Control who speaks directly
to the astronauts in space.

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David Saint-Jacques (left) and Jeremy Hansen (right) during a robotics familiarization session, 25 July 2009.

As a CSA astronaut, Hansen continues to develop his skills. In 2013, he underwent training in the High Arctic and learned how to conduct geological fieldwork (see Arctic Archipelago;
Geology). That same year, he participated in the European Space Agency’s CAVES program in Sardinia, Italy. In that human performance experiment Hansen lived underground for six days.
In 2014, Hansen was a member of the crew of NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) 19. He spent seven days off Key Largo, Florida, living in the Aquarius habitat on the ocean floor, which is used to simulate conditions of the International
Space Station and different gravity fields. In 2017, Hansen became the first Canadian to lead a NASA astronaut class, in which he trained astronaut candidates from Canada and the United States.  

Did you know?

Hansen has been instrumental in encouraging young people to become part of the STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering, Mathematics) workforce with the aim of encouraging future generations of space explorers.
His inspirational work in Canada includes flying a historical “Hawk One” F-86 Sabre jet.

Artemis II

In April 2023, Hansen was chosen along with Americans Christina Koch, Victor Glover and Reid Wiseman to crew NASA’s Artemis II mission to the moon. The mission, scheduled for no earlier
than September 2025 after a delay due to technical problems, marks NASA’s first manned moon voyage since Apollo 17 in 1972. The Artemis II astronauts will not land on the lunar
surface, but will orbit the moon in an Orion spacecraft. They will conduct tests in preparation for future manned moon landings, the establishment of an orbiting space station called Lunar Gateway, or Gateway, and a base on the moon’s surface where astronauts
can live and work for extended periods. The path taken by Orion will carry the astronauts farther from Earth than any humans have previously travelled. Hansen’s participation in Artemis II is a direct result of Canada’s contribution of Canadarm3
to Lunar Gateway. (See also Canadarm; Canadian Space Agency.)

“Being part of the Artemis II crew is both exciting and humbling. I’m excited to leverage my experience, training and knowledge to take on this challenging mission on behalf of Canada. I’m humbled by the incredible contributions and hard work of so many
Canadians that have made this opportunity a reality. I am proud and honoured to represent my country on this historic mission.” – Jeremy Hansen (Canadian Space Agency, 2023)

Did you know?

On his Artemis II trip, Hansen will wear an Indigenous-designed mission patch created for him by Anishinaabe artist Henry Guimond.

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Honours and Awards

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WATCH — This tiny fish is louder than an elephant – CBC.ca

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These fish are also transparent

Danionella cerebrum may be small fry, but the noises they make are anything but.

Think louder than an elephant.

These tiny fish, which measure up to 12 millimetres long, were the subject of a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Feb. 24.

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Researchers from the Charité Universitätsmedizin, a university hospital in Berlin, and the Senckenberg Society Natural History Collections in Dresden, both in Germany, collaborated on the study.

Their research uncovered the apparatus that allows male Danionella cerebrum fish to make loud, pulsing noises, and theorizes why this behaviour evolved in the first place.

Researchers recorded the fish in a tank. This video is slowed down 10 times to see how they moved. (Video credit: Verity Cook/Charité)

How did the study work?

The researchers put four Danionella cerebrum in a tank.They captured both audio and visual recordings, and performed scans, dissections and gene analyses.
 
Because these fish have transparent skin, cameras could see and record what happens inside their bodies to make such loud noises.

A study model shows how the Danionella cerebrum creates its sounds. A drumming muscle (green) contracts, pulling the rib (red), which fits into a groove in the cartilage (light blue) and builds tension. The tension is released and the cartilage snaps back into place, striking the swim bladder (purple). (Video credit: Verity Cook/Charité)

First, a special drumming muscle contracts.
 
It pulls on a rib that moves something called the drumming cartilage out of place — a bit like stretching a rubber band.
 
Then, suddenly, the drumming cartilage snaps back into position so fast it strikes the swim bladder (a special organ fish have to help them swim).
 
This impact produces the loud pulse we hear.

Click play on the video at the top of the page to hear the Danionella cerebrum for yourself!

Why so loud?

The noises made by male Danionella cerebrum can be as loud as 147 decibels at a distance of one body length away.

That’s about as loud as a jet engine would sound taking off 100 metres away from you.

The researchers believe these pulses are a way for the fish to communicate.

Danionella cerebrum’s native habitat are shallow, murky waters in Myanmar.

The scientists say this lack of visibility could mean sound communication evolved to help the fish locate mates.

A graphic with a small green fish labelled Danionella cerebrum and 12mm next to a large battery labelled AA Battery with 13mm.

The Danionella cerebrum is about as long as the diameter of a typical AA battery.  (Image credit: Senckenberg, with graphic design by Philip Street/CBC)

A unique opportunity

The study broadens our understanding of how animals make noise and why these behaviours might have evolved.
 
Now, the scientists hope to study the four other species in the Danionella family, to compare how they produce sounds.

Click play to hear the itsy-bitsy fish for yourself!

Check out these other animal news videos:

Have more questions? Want to tell us how we’re doing? Use the “send us feedback” link below. ⬇️⬇️⬇️


TOP IMAGE CREDIT: Senckenberg, with graphic design by Philip Street/CBC

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Local astronomer urges the public to look up – Windsor News Today – windsornewstoday.ca

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If last week’s solar eclipse piqued your interest in astronomy, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada’s Windsor Chapter plans to show off some of the more dramatic photos and videos members took of the event.

They were stationed along the path of totality along the northern shore of Lake Erie and in the U.S.

“People did take some nice photos with their cellphones, but we have members who took photos and videos with their telescopes,” said member Tom Sobocan. “You’ll see some pretty impressive shots.”

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About 100 members are in the local chapter, which meets every third Tuesday of every month.

Thursday’s meeting is at the Ojibway Nature Centre on Matchette Road. It starts at 7:30, and it’s open to the public. Seating is limited, so Sobocan recommends arriving early.

Astronomers are looking ahead to new wonders in the heavens. Right now, the Pons-Brooks Comet, another once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, is approaching Jupiter in the constellation of Aries.

“If you’re in a dark-sky location, you can see it with the naked eye, and from inside the city, you can see it with binoculars,” said Sobocan. “It may get a little bit brighter going towards the fall, but our members have already photographed it with their telescopes.”

It’s a periodic comet which appears in the night sky once every 71 years.

Sobocan said once-in-a-lifetime events, like last week’s eclipse, inspired many of its existing members, but he hopes some new ones will join the group.

“I hope it inspires them to look up at the sky a little bit more often and realize that everything’s in motion in the sky,” he said. “It’s not stationary.”

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