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"The Scientists Made Me Do It" – The Science, Policy And Politics Of COVID-19 – Food, Drugs, Healthcare, Life Sciences

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“The Scientists Made Me Do It” – The Science, Policy And Politics Of COVID-19

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One of the enduring myths of regulatory practice is that science
and policy can and should be separated. We see this fiction playing
out every day on the news as we get our daily COVID-19 briefings.
Is it any wonder the public is confused about who is making
decisions and whether decisions are based on science or on the
basis of non-science considerations? Of course, it is both and that
is the way it is supposed to be. Science, policy and politics
cannot be separated: they are inextricably intertwined.

Scientists often resent politicians or their senior advisers for
daring to question their science advice, for politicizing their
“neutral” science with non-science considerations. The
myth is that all decisions must be solely
“evidence-based” but this whole concept is flawed. It is
the legitimate and necessary role of elected politicians to take
the science-based risk assessment and then carry out the
policy-based risk management function by weighing the social,
political, economic, legal, ethical and environmental factors in
order to arrive at the appropriate regulatory decision.

And even the risk assessments are replete with non-science
considerations. As Covello and Merkhofer have clearly shown:
“in practice, assumptions that have policy implications enter
into risk assessment at virtually every stage of the process. The
idea of a risk assessment that is free, or nearly free, of policy
considerations is beyond the realm of possibility.” Scholars
such Harvard’s Sheila Jasanoff have long ago shown that
“studies of scientific advising leave in tatters the notion
that it is possible, in practice, to restrict the advisory practice
to technical issues or that the subjective values of scientists are
irrelevant to decision making.” This is especially true for
public policy issues where the science is uncertain and competing
with so many other value-laden factors. We regularly have what
Henrik and Jamieson have described as “the imprimatur of
science being smuggled into deliberations that actually deal with
values and politics.” That scientists should dress up their
science advice as pure “neutral” science is
understandable. As Roger Paelkhe has pointed out, “for those
with scientific expertise, it consequently makes perfect sense to
wage political battles through science because it necessarily
confers to scientists a privileged position in political
debate.”

And if the science is so neutral, the public wonders, how do you
explain duelling scientists? As I write this, the Declaration of a
very esteemed group of scientists is being described by an equally
esteemed group as “a dangerous fallacy unsupported by
scientific evidence.”

Politicians and their senior officials are often happy to
maintain this confusion and blurring of accountability, happy to
hide behind the myth that they are just slavishly following the
advice of their experts. Just as we have heard much about the fear
of politicization of science, we now have what I’ve called the
“scientization” of politics. I once had a Minister faced
with a tough decision that was his to make under the statute, say
to me (with apologies to the American comedian Flip Wilson)
“Ron, I don’t want to be seen as making the decision. I
just want to be able to say ‘It’s not my fault, the
scientists made me do it…the scientists made me do
it’.”

What should be the acceptable level of PCBs in farmed salmon?
What should be the appropriate mix of rules to prevent the
importation of BSE into Canada? What is the right regulatory regime
for the approval of genetically-modified traits in seeds? What is
the safe level of BPA in water bottles? How should the level of
salt in processed food products be regulated? Should it continue to
be illegal to sell raw milk? What should be the necessary rules for
the storage of high-level nuclear waste? These are just a few
examples of the kind of science-based public policy issues with
which I was directly involved in the last 30 years either as a
regulator or a lawyer acting for a regulated party. In all these
cases, the science was relevant but not determinative. And,
interestingly, in all these cases the parties argued that the basic
question was one of science: if only we could get the science
right, the public policy answer would follow. If only the world
were that simple.

My food science students seem genuinely unaware that
science-based health risk assessments are replete with policy
considerations, that in the real world of regulatory practice you
cannot separate science, policies and politics — yet, as we
have seen so often in this the year of COVID-19, so much of our
public discourse is dominated by the quaint Utopian view that they
can, and should, be strictly separated.

Originally published by Food in Canada

Read the original article on GowlingWLG.com

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‘Disgraceful:’ N.S. Tory leader slams school’s request that military remove uniform

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HALIFAX – Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston says it’s “disgraceful and demeaning” that a Halifax-area school would request that service members not wear military uniforms to its Remembrance Day ceremony.

Houston’s comments were part of a chorus of criticism levelled at the school — Sackville Heights Elementary — whose administration decided to back away from the plan after the outcry.

A November newsletter from the school in Middle Sackville, N.S., invited Armed Forces members to attend its ceremony but asked that all attendees arrive in civilian attire to “maintain a welcoming environment for all.”

Houston, who is currently running for re-election, accused the school’s leaders of “disgracing themselves while demeaning the people who protect our country” in a post on the social media platform X Thursday night.

“If the people behind this decision had a shred of the courage that our veterans have, this cowardly and insulting idea would have been rejected immediately,” Houston’s post read. There were also several calls for resignations within the school’s administration attached to Houston’s post.

In an email to families Thursday night, the school’s principal, Rachael Webster, apologized and welcomed military family members to attend “in the attire that makes them most comfortable.”

“I recognize this request has caused harm and I am deeply sorry,” Webster’s email read, adding later that the school has the “utmost respect for what the uniform represents.”

Webster said the initial request was out of concern for some students who come from countries experiencing conflict and who she said expressed discomfort with images of war, including military uniforms.

Her email said any students who have concerns about seeing Armed Forces members in uniform can be accommodated in a way that makes them feel safe, but she provided no further details in the message.

Webster did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

At a news conference Friday, Houston said he’s glad the initial request was reversed but said he is still concerned.

“I can’t actually fathom how a decision like that was made,” Houston told reporters Friday, adding that he grew up moving between military bases around the country while his father was in the Armed Forces.

“My story of growing up in a military family is not unique in our province. The tradition of service is something so many of us share,” he said.

“Saying ‘lest we forget’ is a solemn promise to the fallen. It’s our commitment to those that continue to serve and our commitment that we will pass on our respects to the next generation.”

Liberal Leader Zach Churchill also said he’s happy with the school’s decision to allow uniformed Armed Forces members to attend the ceremony, but he said he didn’t think it was fair to question the intentions of those behind the original decision.

“We need to have them (uniforms) on display at Remembrance Day,” he said. “Not only are we celebrating (veterans) … we’re also commemorating our dead who gave the greatest sacrifice for our country and for the freedoms we have.”

NDP Leader Claudia Chender said that while Remembrance Day is an important occasion to honour veterans and current service members’ sacrifices, she said she hopes Houston wasn’t taking advantage of the decision to “play politics with this solemn occasion for his own political gain.”

“I hope Tim Houston reached out to the principal of the school before making a public statement,” she said in a statement.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Saskatchewan NDP’s Beck holds first caucus meeting after election, outlines plans

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REGINA – Saskatchewan Opposition NDP Leader Carla Beck says she wants to prove to residents her party is the government in waiting as she heads into the incoming legislative session.

Beck held her first caucus meeting with 27 members, nearly double than what she had before the Oct. 28 election but short of the 31 required to form a majority in the 61-seat legislature.

She says her priorities will be health care and cost-of-living issues.

Beck says people need affordability help right now and will press Premier Scott Moe’s Saskatchewan Party government to cut the gas tax and the provincial sales tax on children’s clothing and some grocery items.

Beck’s NDP is Saskatchewan’s largest Opposition in nearly two decades after sweeping Regina and winning all but one seat in Saskatoon.

The Saskatchewan Party won 34 seats, retaining its hold on all of the rural ridings and smaller cities.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Nova Scotia election: Liberals say province’s immigration levels are too high

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HALIFAX – Nova Scotia‘s growing population was the subject of debate on Day 12 of the provincial election campaign, with Liberal Leader Zach Churchill arguing immigration levels must be reduced until the province can provide enough housing and health-care services.

Churchill said Thursday a plan by the incumbent Progressive Conservatives to double the province’s population to two million people by the year 2060 is unrealistic and unsustainable.

“That’s a big leap and it’s making life harder for people who live here, (including ) young people looking for a place to live and seniors looking to downsize,” he told a news conference at his campaign headquarters in Halifax.

Anticipating that his call for less immigration might provoke protests from the immigrant community, Churchill was careful to note that he is among the third generation of a family that moved to Nova Scotia from Lebanon.

“I know the value of immigration, the importance of it to our province. We have been built on the backs of an immigrant population. But we just need to do it in a responsible way.”

The Liberal leader said Tim Houston’s Tories, who are seeking a second term in office, have made a mistake by exceeding immigration targets set by the province’s Department of Labour and Immigration. Churchill said a Liberal government would abide by the department’s targets.

In the most recent fiscal year, the government welcomed almost 12,000 immigrants through its nominee program, exceeding the department’s limit by more than 4,000, he said. The numbers aren’t huge, but the increase won’t help ease the province’s shortages in housing and doctors, and the increased strain on its infrastructure, including roads, schools and cellphone networks, Churchill said.

“(The Immigration Department) has done the hard work on this,” he said. “They know where the labour gaps are, and they know what growth is sustainable.”

In response, Houston said his commitment to double the population was a “stretch goal.” And he said the province had long struggled with a declining population before that trend was recently reversed.

“The only immigration that can come into this province at this time is if they are a skilled trade worker or a health-care worker,” Houston said. “The population has grown by two per cent a year, actually quite similar growth to what we experienced under the Liberal government before us.”

Still, Houston said he’s heard Nova Scotians’ concerns about population growth, and he then pivoted to criticize Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for trying to send 6,000 asylum seekers to Nova Scotia, an assertion the federal government has denied.

Churchill said Houston’s claim about asylum seekers was shameful.

“It’s smoke and mirrors,” the Liberal leader said. “He is overshooting his own department’s numbers for sustainable population growth and yet he is trying to blame this on asylum seekers … who aren’t even here.”

In September, federal Immigration Minister Marc Miller said there is no plan to send any asylum seekers to the province without compensation or the consent of the premier. He said the 6,000 number was an “aspirational” figure based on models that reflect each province’s population.

In Halifax, NDP Leader Claudia Chender said it’s clear Nova Scotia needs more doctors, nurses and skilled trades people.

“Immigration has been and always will be a part of the Nova Scotia story, but we need to build as we grow,” Chender said. “This is why we have been pushing the Houston government to build more affordable housing.”

Chender was in a Halifax cafe on Thursday when she promised her party would remove the province’s portion of the harmonized sales tax from all grocery, cellphone and internet bills if elected to govern on Nov. 26. The tax would also be removed from the sale and installation of heat pumps.

“Our focus is on helping people to afford their lives,” Chender told reporters. “We know there are certain things that you can’t live without: food, internet and a phone …. So we know this will have the single biggest impact.”

The party estimates the measure would save the average Nova Scotia family about $1,300 a year.

“That’s a lot more than a one or two per cent HST cut,” Chender said, referring to the Progressive Conservative pledge to reduce the tax by one percentage point and the Liberal promise to trim it by two percentage points.

Elsewhere on the campaign trail, Houston announced that a Progressive Conservative government would make parking free at all Nova Scotia hospitals and health-care centres. The promise was also made by the Liberals in their election platform released Monday.

“Free parking may not seem like a big deal to some, but … the parking, especially for people working at the facilities, can add up to hundreds of dollars,” the premier told a news conference at his campaign headquarters in Halifax.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

— With files from Keith Doucette in Halifax

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