This Striking Chart Shows Just How Well Pfizer's Vaccine Works - ScienceAlert | Canada News Media
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This Striking Chart Shows Just How Well Pfizer's Vaccine Works – ScienceAlert

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The US Food and Drug Administration released safety and efficacy data on Pfizer’s novel coronavirus vaccine on Tuesday – and it’s looking good.

In a 53-page briefing document posted on its website, the FDA said data indicated that Pfizer’s mRNA vaccination course worked well in thousands of people of various ages, races, and sexes who tested it in six countries.

One chart in the briefing materials documented how many people during the study got COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus.

Comparing those who got the Pfizer vaccine with those in the control group shows just how well the two-shot vaccine course worked to prevent infections.

The red line in the chart represents how many of the roughly 21,000 participants in the control group – those who (unknowingly) received a bogus (placebo) shot – got sick.

The blue line shows the COVID-19 infection rate among the roughly 21,000 people who received the real Pfizer shot.

(FDA/Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine VRBPAC Briefing Document)

The chart suggests people who got the real Pfizer vaccine started to gain protection from infection 14 days after their first shot.

Then, 21 days in, they got their second (and final) shot. After that, they were well protected from infection for at least two more months.

It’s possible the vaccine’s protection lasts much longer than that – it’s just too soon to know for sure.

The most common side effects for vaccine-takers included: pain at the injection site (84 percent), fatigue (65 percent), and headaches (55 percent). Less common vaccine side effects were: muscle aches (38 percent), chills (34 percent), joint pain (24 percent), and fever (14 percent).

Reports of side effects were more common in younger study participants (under 55 years old), and typically lasted just a day or two, generally appearing within a couple of days of vaccination.

The vaccine’s protection got a lot better with the 2nd shot

It takes some time for shots to take effect in the body, providing robust and full protection against the virus. Several became sick with COVID-19 after getting the first Pfizer shot but before receiving their second shot.

But starting one week after the second shot, the vaccine was much more effective at preventing infections. The 2-shot course had a vaccine efficacy of 95 percent.

“This is super exciting,” Deborah Fuller, a vaccine expert from the University of Washington who was not associated with the Pfizer trial or the FDA’s review of it, told Business Insider.

“To be already out the door right away with 90-something per cent, that’s as good as any vaccine out there that we can get.”

Only eight people got COVID-19 after receiving both doses of the Pfizer vaccine and waiting a full week for the vaccination to take effect (roughly 28 days from the start of the trial). Only one person among those eight suffered a severe case of the disease; they were not hospitalized.

Meanwhile, in the control group with no protection, cases climbed. After day 28, the group recorded more than 160 infections, with three severe cases, including two hospital admissions (one in the intensive-care unit).

The FDA is scheduled to hold an advisory committee meeting on Thursday to help decide whether the agency will approve – or reject – what would be America’s first emergency-authorised COVID-19 vaccine. [Ed. noteThe FDA approved the vaccine late Friday.

Pfizer’s vaccine has already been approved for use in the UK and Bahrain.

This article was originally published by Business Insider.

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B.C. mayors seek ‘immediate action’ from federal government on mental health crisis

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VANCOUVER – Mayors and other leaders from several British Columbia communities say the provincial and federal governments need to take “immediate action” to tackle mental health and public safety issues that have reached crisis levels.

Vancouver Mayor Ken Sim says it’s become “abundantly clear” that mental health and addiction issues and public safety have caused crises that are “gripping” Vancouver, and he and other politicians, First Nations leaders and law enforcement officials are pleading for federal and provincial help.

In a letter to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Premier David Eby, mayors say there are “three critical fronts” that require action including “mandatory care” for people with severe mental health and addiction issues.

The letter says senior governments also need to bring in “meaningful bail reform” for repeat offenders, and the federal government must improve policing at Metro Vancouver ports to stop illicit drugs from coming in and stolen vehicles from being exported.

Sim says the “current system” has failed British Columbians, and the number of people dealing with severe mental health and addiction issues due to lack of proper care has “reached a critical point.”

Vancouver Police Chief Adam Palmer says repeat violent offenders are too often released on bail due to a “revolving door of justice,” and a new approach is needed to deal with mentally ill people who “pose a serious and immediate danger to themselves and others.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024

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Canada to donate up to 200,000 vaccine doses to combat mpox outbreaks in Africa

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The Canadian government says it will donate up to 200,000 vaccine doses to fight the mpox outbreak in Congo and other African countries.

It says the donated doses of Imvamune will come from Canada’s existing supply and will not affect the country’s preparedness for mpox cases in this country.

Minister of Health Mark Holland says the donation “will help to protect those in the most affected regions of Africa and will help prevent further spread of the virus.”

Dr. Madhukar Pai, Canada research chair in epidemiology and global health, says although the donation is welcome, it is a very small portion of the estimated 10 million vaccine doses needed to control the outbreak.

Vaccine donations from wealthier countries have only recently started arriving in Africa, almost a month after the World Health Organization declared the mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.

A few days after the declaration in August, Global Affairs Canada announced a contribution of $1 million for mpox surveillance, diagnostic tools, research and community awareness in Africa.

On Thursday, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention said mpox is still on the rise and that testing rates are “insufficient” across the continent.

Jason Kindrachuk, Canada research chair in emerging viruses at the University of Manitoba, said donating vaccines, in addition to supporting surveillance and diagnostic tests, is “massively important.”

But Kindrachuk, who has worked on the ground in Congo during the epidemic, also said that the international response to the mpox outbreak is “better late than never (but) better never late.”

“It would have been fantastic for us globally to not be in this position by having provided doses a much, much longer time prior than when we are,” he said, noting that the outbreak of clade I mpox in Congo started in early 2023.

Clade II mpox, endemic in regions of West Africa, came to the world’s attention even earlier — in 2022 — as that strain of virus spread to other countries, including Canada.

Two doses are recommended for mpox vaccination, so the donation may only benefit 100,000 people, Pai said.

Pai questioned whether Canada is contributing enough, as the federal government hasn’t said what percentage of its mpox vaccine stockpile it is donating.

“Small donations are simply not going to help end this crisis. We need to show greater solidarity and support,” he said in an email.

“That is the biggest lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic — our collective safety is tied with that of other nations.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.

Canadian Press health coverage receives support through a partnership with the Canadian Medical Association. CP is solely responsible for this content.

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How many Nova Scotians are on the doctor wait-list? Number hit 160,000 in June

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government says it could be months before it reveals how many people are on the wait-list for a family doctor.

The head of the province’s health authority told reporters Wednesday that the government won’t release updated data until the 160,000 people who were on the wait-list in June are contacted to verify whether they still need primary care.

Karen Oldfield said Nova Scotia Health is working on validating the primary care wait-list data before posting new numbers, and that work may take a matter of months. The most recent public wait-list figures are from June 1, when 160,234 people, or about 16 per cent of the population, were on it.

“It’s going to take time to make 160,000 calls,” Oldfield said. “We are not talking weeks, we are talking months.”

The interim CEO and president of Nova Scotia Health said people on the list are being asked where they live, whether they still need a family doctor, and to give an update on their health.

A spokesperson with the province’s Health Department says the government and its health authority are “working hard” to turn the wait-list registry into a useful tool, adding that the data will be shared once it is validated.

Nova Scotia’s NDP are calling on Premier Tim Houston to immediately release statistics on how many people are looking for a family doctor. On Tuesday, the NDP introduced a bill that would require the health minister to make the number public every month.

“It is unacceptable for the list to be more than three months out of date,” NDP Leader Claudia Chender said Tuesday.

Chender said releasing this data regularly is vital so Nova Scotians can track the government’s progress on its main 2021 campaign promise: fixing health care.

The number of people in need of a family doctor has more than doubled between the 2021 summer election campaign and June 2024. Since September 2021 about 300 doctors have been added to the provincial health system, the Health Department said.

“We’ll know if Tim Houston is keeping his 2021 election promise to fix health care when Nova Scotians are attached to primary care,” Chender said.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.

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