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TikTok Ventures Warily Into Politics—and Finds Complications – The Wall Street Journal

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TikTok has been one of the world’s biggest distractions during the pandemic, thanks to its endless stream of bite-size videos featuring dance-offs, pranks and other goofs.

Lately there has been a dash of something new at TikTok: politics.

Experimenting with letting users post short political videos, the app is emerging as a platform for protesters and mischief-makers alike in a moment of social unrest around the world. The shift is posing complicated new challenges for an extraordinarily popular app devoted, until recently, to mindless fun.

Political content was long anathema at TikTok, a Chinese-controlled company known for avoiding any video that might make someone uncomfortable. That included blocking or flagging snippets featuring disabled people, too much cleavage and, in one case, “Make America Great Again” caps. When protests over the killing of George Floyd first rocked the U.S. in late May, some TikTok users said the hashtag “Black Lives Matter” was being censored on the app.

TikTok then apologized and attributed the problem to a glitch. It has featured videos of the protests in recent weeks, including scenes of police firing tear-gas canisters, the looting of a barbershop and protesters carrying a man with a gunshot wound—content that former moderators say would surely have been blocked in the past.

Meanwhile, some users are experimenting with ways to organize politically on the app. When President Trump’s June rally in Tulsa, Okla., drew a far smaller crowd than anticipated, TikTok users said they had reserved masses of tickets and then stayed away, upending expectations and giving the campaign a black eye. The Trump campaign disagreed, blaming the limited turnout on fear of violent protests and what it called biased media coverage.

This week, Chinese politics embroiled TikTok as the parent company of the app said it would pull the app out of Hong Kong, where a new national-security law imposed by mainland China will empower police to make internet companies hand over user data. TikTok will exit from Google and

Apple

app stores in Hong Kong and cease operations for users there.

TikTok also faces growing flak in Washington, rooted in concerns that the app’s Beijing-based parent company could share information with the Chinese government. The State and Defense departments prohibit employees from downloading TikTok on government devices. Some members of Congress are seeking to widen that ban, and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo this week hinted the Trump administration was considering limiting U.S. users’ access to the app.

Employees in the Beijing offices of ByteDance Ltd., the parent of TikTok.



Photo:

Giulia Marchi for The Wall Street Journal

A spokesman for TikTok said that the Chinese government has never requested access to any of its user data and that TikTok wouldn’t share any if asked. Though controlled by a Chinese company, TikTok is registered in the Cayman Islands and its CEO is based in Los Angeles.

All this comes at a time of roiling debate over how much control social-media companies ought to wield over content. The boom TikTok has enjoyed shows the rewards of its policy of tight control of content. Its 315 million downloads in the first quarter were the most ever for an app in one quarter, according to research firm Sensor Tower.

Yet as TikTok grows in the West, the app built under a Chinese legal system that involves concessions to censorship faces the risk of alienating users accustomed to free expression. TikTok has eased up somewhat lately not only on political but also on its cultural strictures.

With a new American chief executive, hired from

Walt Disney Co.

, TikTok is trying to find the right balance between letting users freely address sensitive topics and retaining the upbeat vibe that made it a staple of smartphones. How CEO Kevin Mayer handles the tricky task will bear on the fortunes of a parent company, ByteDance Ltd., that is planning an initial public offering.

The video-sharing app TikTok, popular for its whimsical content, is getting increasingly political. WSJ’s Shelby Holliday explains why experts fear it could give rise to misinformation. Photo Illustration: Laura Kammermann

Mr. Mayer arrived from an entertainment powerhouse well-versed in dealing with authorities in China. Disney has cleared numerous movies with Chinese censors, who are known for scrutinizing every frame of a film. Under Mr. Mayer’s watch, the streaming service Disney+ avoided shows and movies that skew too mature for the Disney brand.

“I do have a lot of comfort with wholesome or family-friendly companies,” Mr. Mayer said in an interview. Disney and TikTok “do very different things,” he said, “but the family friendliness and the wholesomeness of it I really like. That’s a comfort zone for me for sure.”

ByteDance, which already owned the popular Chinese app Douyin, developed TikTok in 2017 out of a fast-growing Chinese app called Musical.ly, which ByteDance acquired. TikTok is similar to Douyin, which operates only in China.

Disney also considered buying Musical.ly, according to former colleagues of Mr. Mayer, who said he was among the Disney executives who discussed an acquisition before deciding to pass. Disney ultimately concluded the app’s Chinese ownership combined with its appeal among young children made it too risky to pursue, these people said. A Disney spokeswoman declined to comment.

From its start, TikTok has used artificial intelligence to detect violations of its rules concerning permissible content. It also hired human moderators to determine which videos broke the rules.

TikTok CEO Kevin Mayer, seen last August, when he was a Disney executive.



Photo:

Jesse Grant/Getty Images for Disney

After pro-democracy protests erupted in Hong Kong last year, TikTok asked moderators to remove videos about the protests until mid-2019, according to a person familiar with the matter. Former moderators said they were also asked to take down videos referring to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest that the Chinese government crushed.

“We do not, and have not, remove videos based on the presence of Hong Kong protest content,” the spokeswoman for TikTok said in a written statement.

When prosecutors in the U.S. last year charged actor Jussie Smollett with filing a false report of being attacked by men yelling “This is MAGA country,” former TikTok moderators said, they were told to watch for hats and shirts with the slogan “Make America Great Again” and take down any video that appeared controversial.

The spokeswoman for TikTok said taking down MAGA content in response to the Jussie Smollett incident was never a policy at the app. Mr. Smollett denied filing a false police report.

Early this year, videos of women working out in sports bras and leggings flashed on the screens of TikTok employees in Los Angeles. The employees knew videos of some of the heavier women violated a TikTok rule against showing more than two inches of cleavage, but let the videos remain in a silent rebellion against rules they believed punished large women and didn’t fit with American culture, according to one employee.

Katie Seccombe said TikTok banned her after she posted a video of her playfully kissing her girlfriend on the cheek. TikTok later reinstated her.



Photo:

KATIE SECCOMBE

The U.S. content-moderation team was already battling with Beijing executives over how much cleavage should be permitted, members said. The team eventually started having a weekly conference call with the executives to air frustrations with rules that also included no hip thrusting, shaking of the upper torso, tattoos, drugs or cigarettes.

The spokeswoman for TikTok said it constantly evaluates and adjusts its policies if they unfairly disadvantage certain users.

Katie Seccombe said she was banned from TikTok in early May after posting a question-and-answer livestream during which she kissed her girlfriend on the cheek.

“It was just really confusing,” said Ms. Seccombe, a 20-year-old film-production major at Florida Atlantic University. “I would watch other people in bikinis and that was fine, but me doing something cute with my girlfriend would always get taken down.”

In mid-June, her TikTok account started working again. A notification said it had been blocked for “serious pornography.” She said she wasn’t told why it was reinstated.

A TikTok spokesman said videos from gay creators are among the most popular types on the app and are subject to the same policies as others.

Last month, TikTok launched a campaign to celebrate gay pride events. It said it would promote content from LGBT users, along with the hashtag #MyPride.

Katie Seccombe ban notification



Photo:

Katie Seccombe

TikTok said its decisions have always been rooted in a wish to keep the tone light, not in censorship. There now is no limitation to political speech, the spokeswoman said, provided it doesn’t violate other rules, such as a ban on hate speech. She also said TikTok’s U.S. policies are run by executives there, and U.S. content isn’t moderated in China.

Share Your Thoughts

Should TikTok allow political videos or stick to the lighter fare that made it popular? Join the conversation below.

“In its early days, TikTok took very blunt strategies, all in the sake of trying to keep the platform as positive as possible. That was unequivocally the wrong approach,” said Eric Han, the app’s head of safety in the U.S.

The TikTok spokeswoman added that “as our local safety teams have grown in size and sophistication, we’ve been able to take a more thoughtful approach to developing and enforcing our Community Guidelines, incorporating things like important contextual nuances and feedback from outside experts.”

Mr. Han said TikTok is customizing its rules to fit cultural norms of the places it operates. It has hubs in California, Ireland and Singapore, formed last year to fine-tune the rules for differing regions.

The move followed an incident in July 2018 when Indonesia blocked TikTok after a group of local mothers complained about videos they saw as pornographic, according to Rudiantara, Indonesia’s former information communications and technology minister. The videos showed young people dancing provocatively, a TikTok employee said. Mr. Rudiantara said TikTok executives flew to Jakarta and promised to form a team to filter out videos that could offend in Indonesia.

Mary Jo Laupp said she posted this TikTok video on June 11 to encourage viewers to protest President Trump by reserving tickets to his Tulsa, Okla., rally and not using them.

Indonesia let TikTok back online, but the incident impressed executives with the importance of respecting individual countries’ norms, said former staff members.

As TikTok has slowly rolled back certain restrictions, former moderators said they have been able to allow some curse words and, depending on the country, shirtless men, tattoos and alcohol.

They said that although tattoos remained taboo in China, moderators in the U.S. could allow small ones, such as little butterflies. In November, Dwayne Johnson, the actor and former wrestler known as The Rock, posted his first video to the app. In January, Tommy Lee, the drummer for the band Motley Crue, joined TikTok. Both have large tattoos.

The incremental moves to loosen restrictions could expose TikTok to risks in China, where the government has historically cracked down on businesses that got outside accepted Chinese cultural norms.

The spokeswoman for TikTok said it doesn’t believe it faces such risks. “The TikTok app isn’t even available in China. Our content and moderation policies are led by our U.S.-based team and are not influenced by any foreign government,” she said.

In response to the concerns of some in Washington that TikTok’s Chinese ownership makes it a national-security risk, officials of TikTok have said that servers in the U.S. and Singapore hold its user data, and they won’t share the data.

TikTok long kept out videos showing tattoos. The restriction has eased since tattooed celebrities such as Dwayne Johnson began posting videos.



Photo:

sarah stier/USA TODAY Sports/Reuters

That hasn’t satisfied Rep. Abigail Spanberger (D., Va.), a former Central Intelligence Agency officer, who said TikTok would be legally obligated to share with the Chinese government if asked.

The House in March passed a bill Ms. Spanberger sponsored that would ban the TikTok app on TSA employees’ phones. Earlier, U.S. regulators launched a national-security review of the app after some senators raised concerns TikTok was censoring content to please the Chinese government, which TikTok denied.

Sen. Josh Hawley (R., Mo.), who in an interview labeled TikTok “a surveillance machine on every phone that downloads it,” has introduced a bill to ban the app on all government devices and called for testimony from TikTok’s new American CEO, Mr. Mayer.

At TikTok, Mr. Mayer sometimes faces risks beyond the company’s control. In late June, India banned TikTok and dozens of other Chinese apps following a deadly border clash with Chinese forces in the Himalayas. New Delhi cited cybersecurity concerns for the ban.

Mr. Mayer told Indian officials that Chinese authorities had never requested the data of TikTok’s Indian users and the app wouldn’t comply if they did.

Write to Georgia Wells at Georgia.Wells@wsj.com, Shan Li at shan.li@wsj.com and Liza Lin at Liza.Lin@wsj.com.

Copyright ©2020 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

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Pecker’s Trump Trial Testimony Is a Lesson in Power Politics

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David Pecker, convivial, accommodating and as bright as a button, sat in the witness stand in a Manhattan courtroom on Tuesday and described how power is used and abused.

“What I would do is publish positive stories about Mr. Trump,” the former tabloid hegemon and fabulist allowed, as if he was sharing some of his favorite dessert recipes. “And I would publish negative stories about his opponents.”

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Opinion: Fear the politicization of pensions, no matter the politician

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Open this photo in gallery:

Alberta Premier Danielle Smith and federal Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland don’t have a lot in common. But they do share at least one view: that governments could play a bigger role directing pension investments to the benefit of domestic industries and economic priorities.

Canadians, no matter who they vote for, should be worried that these two political heavyweights share any common ground in this regard.

It became clearer in the federal budget last week as Ottawa appointed former Bank of Canada governor Stephen Poloz to lead a working group to explore “how to catalyze greater domestic investment opportunities for Canadian pension funds.” The group will examine how Canadian pension funds can spur innovation and drive economic growth, while still meeting fiduciary and actuarial responsibilities.

This idea has been in discussion since it was highlighted in the fall economic statement. In March, dozens of chief executives signed an open letter urging federal and provincial finance ministers to “amend the rules governing pension funds to encourage them to invest in Canada.”

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Rewind to last fall, and it was Alberta’s plans that were dominating controversial pension discussions. As Ms. Smith championed Alberta going it alone, Canadians (including Albertans) were dumbfounded by her government’s claim the province could be entitled to 53 per cent of Canada Pension Plan assets – $334-billion of the plan’s expected $575-billion by 2027. The Premier has made the argument that starting with this nest egg, and with the province’s large working-age population, a separate Alberta plan could provide more in the way of benefits to seniors with lower premiums.

The main point of contention between the Smith government and Justin Trudeau’s Liberals has been what amount Alberta would take, should it exit the Canada Pension Plan. All parties are now waiting on Ottawa’s counter assessment; the Office of the Chief Actuary will provide a calculation sometime this fall.

But lost in this furious debate over that dollar amount is Ms. Smith’s desire to see the province have a say in how the pension contributions of Albertans are invested. The Premier has long expressed frustration that Canadian pension funds were being influenced by fossil-fuel divestment movements, and has suggested a separate Alberta pension plan could be a counterweight to this.

In addition, a key part of the promise for many supporters of the Alberta pension plan idea – including former premier Jason Kenney and pension panel chair Jim Dinning – has been the benefits that would accrue to the province’s financial services sector.

But just as the UCP government might see the potential of using the heft of pension assets to bolster the province’s energy sector, or to spur white-collar jobs in Calgary, the federal Liberals would like see more pension dollars directed toward Canadian AI, digital infrastructure and housing. These are some of the areas Ms. Freeland has directed Mr. Poloz’s working group to focus on.

Some would deem Mr. Freeland’s goals admirable. Tax dollars are already flowing to these sectors. It comes at a time of increasing concern about the housing crunch, Canada’s weak GDP numbers, and the fact that Canada’s economy is being carried along by strong population growth.

But many Canadians are already concerned with government priorities and federal spending. Many more would balk at governments picking winning industries with pension contributions. And governments change. A Conservative government, for instance, might have very different industries in mind for its own pension-fund working group – say, for instance, to make sure Canada doesn’t cede oil market share to Venezuela or the United States.

This pension working group is a convenient sweetener for a business community that has in many ways soured on this Liberal government. It comes at a moment when Ottawa is facing pushback – from technology entrepreneurs to doctors – to its proposed capital-gains tax hike.

It doesn’t appear Ottawa wants to go as far as recreating the CPP in the image of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, which has a formal mandate that includes contributing to the province’s economic development. And this isn’t to say there’s such a thing as complete neutrality in pension management now. The Canada Pension Plan Investment Board makes decisions open to debate and criticism. It should hear what governments and industry have to say, and setting up a couple of regional offices, beyond Toronto, could be helpful.

But if pension plans are formally burdened with policy imperatives from politicians, it could distract from the main goals of reasonable premiums and retirement security for Canadians. It could see the prioritization of being re-elected over returns. The regional and sectoral tug-of-wars over the cash would be never-ending.

There’s good reason to fear what an Alberta government would do should it take control of its citizens’ pension wealth. The same is most definitely true for Ottawa.

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Politics Briefing: Saskatchewan residents to get carbon rebates despite province’s opposition to pricing program

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Hello,

The federal government will continue to deliver the carbon rebate to residents of Saskatchewan despite the province’s move to stop collecting and remitting the levy, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said today.

In January, Saskatchewan’s Crown natural gas and electric utilities removed the federal carbon price from home heating bills, a move that the government says will improve fairness for its residents in relation to the other provinces.

But Trudeau told a news conference in Saskatoon today that payments to residents won’t stop and that the Canada Revenue Agency has ways of ensuring money owed to them is eventually collected. He said he has faith in the “rigorous” quasi-judicial proceedings the agency uses.

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In Ottawa, Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault accused Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe, who is opposed to federal carbon pricing policy, of playing politics with climate change.

“The Prime Minister, and I think cabinet, felt that it wouldn’t be fair for the people of Saskatchewan to pay for the irresponsible attitude of the provincial government,” Guilbeault told a news conference.

The rebate is available to residents of provinces and territories where the federal carbon pricing system applies.

Trudeau was in Saskatoon to announce that the federal government is offering $5-billion in loan guarantees to support Indigenous communities seeking ownership stakes in natural resource and energy projects.

This is the daily Politics Briefing newsletter, written by Ian Bailey. It is available exclusively to our digital subscribers. If you’re reading this on the web, subscribers can sign up for the Politics newsletter and more than 20 others on our newsletter signup page. Have any feedback? Let us know what you think.

TODAY’S HEADLINES

Motion to allow keffiyehs in Ontario legislature fails again: A few Ontario government members blocked a move to permit keffiyehs in the legislature, prompting some people watching Question Period from the public galleries to put on the scarves.

B.C. puts social-media harms bill on hold: Premier David Eby issued a joint statement today with representatives from Meta, TikTok, Snap and X to say they have reached an agreement to work to help young people stay safe online through a new BC Online Safety Action Table.

Changes to capital-gains tax may prompt doctors to quit, CMA warns: Kathleen Ross, the president of Canadian Medical Association, said the tax measure “really is one more hit to an already beleaguered and low-morale profession.”

Thunder Bay Indigenous group wants province to dissolve the municipal police force: Grand Chief Alvin Fiddler, from the Nishnawbe Aski Nation, said that after years of turmoil, the Thunder Bay force has not earned the trust of the Indigenous people it serves.

Canada Post refusing to collect banned guns for Ottawa’s buyback program: CBC says the Crown corporation’s position is complicating Ottawa’s plans for a buyback program to remove 144,000 firearms from private hands, federal sources say.

Ottawa police investigating chant on Parliament Hill glorifying Hamas Oct. 7 attack: Police Chief Eric Stubbs acknowledged it can sometimes be difficult to discern what constitutes a hate crime as he confirmed his force is investigating a pro-Palestinian protest over the weekend on Parliament Hill.

TODAY’S POLITICAL QUOTES

“I don’t take any lessons from the Leader of the Opposition when it comes to how marginalized people feel. I’m an Italian Canadian, who, in the 1970s, was spit on.” – Ontario Government House Leader Paul Calandra in the legislature today.

“I’ve spoken with some of my peers from all around the world. All of us would be challenged to find an environment minister somewhere in the world that would tell you: Easy peasy fighting climate change.” – Federal Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault at a news conference in Ottawa today as international talks in the city proceed to deal with plastics pollution,

THIS AND THAT

Commons, Senate: The House of Commons is on a break until April 29. The Senate sits again April 30.

Deputy Prime Minister’s day: Chrystia Freeland participated in a fireside chat on the budget, then took media questions.

Ministers on the road: With the Commons on a break, ministers continued to fan out across Canada to talk about the budget. Today, the emphasis was largely on the budget and Indigenous reconciliation. Citizens’ Services Minister Terry Beech, with Health Minister Mark Holland, made an Indigenous reconciliation announcement in the B.C. community of Sechelt. Defence Minister Bill Blair is on a three-day visit to the Northwest Territories. Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault is in Edmonton to make an announcement on Indigenous reconciliation. Industry Minister François-Philippe Champagne was in the Quebec city of La Tuque. Public Services Minister Jean-Yves Duclos is in Quebec City, focusing on the budget and Indigenous reconciliation. Indigenous Services Minister Patty Hajdu in Vancouver addressing Indigenous reconciliation. Families Minister Jenna Sudds is in Thunder Bay. King’s Privy Council President Harjit Sajjan and Justice Minister Arif Virani touted the budget in an event in Coquitlam, B.C.

Vidal out: Conservative MP Gary Vidal has announced he won’t run in the next election owing to dramatic changes in the Saskatchewan riding he has represented since 2019 that will mean he will no longer be living there. Also, he noted in a posting on social-media platform X that the Conservatives are not allowing an open nomination in the riding he will be living in. “Although this is not the expected outcome I anticipated, circumstances beyond the control of myself and my team have dictated that I move on after the next election,” he wrote.

GG in Saskatchewan: Mary Simon and her partner, Whit Fraser, continued their visit to the province, with stops in Regina that included a stop at the Regina Open Door Society, which provides settlement and integration services to refugees and immigrants. Later, she engaged in a round-table discussion with mental-health specialists on issues affecting Canada’s farming and ranching communities.

New CEO for Pearson Centre for Progressive Policy: George Young is the new chief executive officer of the think tank on progressive issues. The former national director of the federal Liberal party under Jean Chrétien served as a chief of staff to several Chrétien ministers, was a senior adviser to former Ottawa Mayor Jim Watson.

PRIME MINISTER’S DAY

Justin Trudeau was in Saskatoon for a news conference on budget measures.

LEADERS

Green Party Leader Elizabeth May is in Ottawa to attend a session of the United Nations Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on plastic pollution.

NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh, in Edmonton, went door-knocking in the city with Edmonton Centre candidate Trisha Estabrooks.

No schedules released for Bloc Québécois Leader Yves-François Blanchet and Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre.

THE DECIBEL

On today’s podcast, Nathan VanderKlippe, The Globe’s international correspondent, discussed what has been happening on West Bank farmlands during the Israel-Hamas war. The Decibel is here.

PUBLIC OPINION

Liberals not an option: A third of Canadians surveyed by Ipsos Global Public Affairs say they would never vote Liberal in the next federal election.

No budget lift: Nanos Research says the federal Tories have a 19-point lead over the Liberals despite the release of a budget the government hoped would improve its political fortunes.

CAQ running third: Quebec’s governing Coalition Avenir Québec party has, in a new poll, fallen to third place in public support behind the Parti Québécois and the Liberals, The Gazette in Montreal reports.

OPINION

The Liberals promise billions for clean power. Don’t undermine it with politics

“In the summer of 2022, U.S. President Joe Biden’s ambition to deliver landmark climate legislation looked like it was dead – until the plan experienced a sudden political resurrection on Capitol Hill. The machinations in Washington have reverberated in Ottawa ever since.” – The Globe and Mail Editorial Board

The Liberals’ immigration policies have accomplished the opposite of what was intended

“In its well-meaning effort to encourage the migration of international students to Canada, the Trudeau government is turning swaths of our postsecondary education system into a grift. As a result, broad public support for immigration, the foundation stone of multicultural Canada, is eroding.” – John Ibbitson

Canada’s underwhelming disability benefit is a sign of a government out of ideas

“The Canada Disability Benefit had – and still has – the potential to be a generational game-changer. Done right, it could lift hundreds of thousands of Canadians out of poverty. But what the Liberal government has delivered so far is a colossal betrayal of the promise made to those living with physical, developmental and psychiatric disabilities: a program with a paltry payout and a limited scope, and bogged down in red tape.” – André Picard

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