Trust in passive, rest must bring data: Investment mantra for better returns | Canada News Media
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Trust in passive, rest must bring data: Investment mantra for better returns

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In passive, we trust. This is what many proponents of passive funds, given a choice, would say in support of their argument. They emphasize that these funds have worked well elsewhere, hence would work here as well. However, proponents of active funds don’t want to throw in their towels just yet.

Not even when, as per a recent survey of 2,000 respondents conducted by Motilal Oswal Mutual Fund, passive funds constituted just 1.4% of assets under management (AUM) in 2015 and are now at 17% of the AUM. This is phenomenal growth in AUM size, and if this rate of growth continues, it could reach 50%, just like in the US, in a few years. Warren Buffett was so convinced of the math behind passive funds that in 2008 he wagered a million-dollar bet with Protégé Partners, a hedge fund, that over a 10-year period, an S&P 500 index fund adjusted for fees would beat a hand-picked portfolio of active funds. Warren Buffett won that bet handsomely.

There is an old lawyer joke. “If the facts are against you, argue the law. If the law is against you, argue the facts. If the law and the facts are against you, pound the table and yell like hell.” Without pounding the table, let’s look at the facts and arrive at own conclusion about passive versus active funds.

For the uninitiated, passive funds replicate a benchmark index, such as Nifty50 or Sensex, and try to mimic its performance. When you invest in a passive fund, you are taking direct exposure to index constituents in the same proportion as they are present in the index. So, when one buys such funds, they are preparing themselves to get a return that is closer to the index performance in that period.

In contrast to this, an active fund employs a fund manager to try and outperform the index return. However, due to active management, these funds have higher expenses as well. Roughly, passive funds are 0.8% cheaper than active funds. So, if an active fund doesn’t generate a return greater than this, it would not beat the passive fund’s return. Despite this handicap, many opine that active funds would still beat passive funds in the long run. Let’s check out what data says about this opinion.

The most definitive study on passive versus active funds in India since 2013 is SPIVA India Scorecard. According to its latest report, 2 out of 3 large-cap funds did not beat S&P BSE 100 returns over a 10-year period. This essentially means that an investor is better off investing in a low-cost passive fund instead of trying to beat its return by investing in large-cap funds.

When it comes to mid-cap and small-cap active funds, 1 out of 2 funds underperformed the S&P BSE 400 MidSmallCap Index in the same period. However, this might not give a true picture of underperformance as mid-cap and small-cap active funds could also invest up to 35% of their portfolio outside of the mid-cap and small-cap stocks universe. Also, the SPIVA report suffers from another handicap. For example, it doesn’t compare mid and small-cap fund returns with the Midcap 150 and Smallcap 250 indices. So, the actual outperformance of active fund managers in a few instances could not be ascertained for sure.

Finally, just as one swallow doesn’t make a summer, likewise, only a few active funds beating the index in a decade doesn’t prove that they would continue their outperformance. More importantly, there is no way to predict with a reasonable amount of confidence which ones would beat passive fund returns in subsequent periods. This facet is evident by looking at the survivorship percentage in the SPIVA report, which states that only 4 out of 5 mid and small-cap funds survive in a 10-year period.

So why do many still believe that active funds would beat index returns? Maybe because human beings suffer from over-optimism bias, i.e., the tendency to exaggerate their own abilities, as we suffer from the illusion of control or knowledge. In a 2006 study conducted by James Montier with 300 fund managers across the globe, nearly 74% of respondents thought themselves above average at their jobs. This is statistically impossible and shows our inherent bias of superior talent when pitted against others. If we consider this sample size as representative of the fund manager population, then this indicates that most of the fund managers could be overconfident about their ability and are not looking at things from the right perspective.

So instead of hoping against hope, it might be worthwhile to just accept the reality until data says otherwise. As John Maynard Keynes once said, “When facts change, I change my mind—what do you do, sir?””

Abhishek Kumar is Sebi-registered investment adviser and founder of Sahaj Money

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Economy

Energy stocks help lift S&P/TSX composite, U.S. stock markets also up

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TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was higher in late-morning trading, helped by strength in energy stocks, while U.S. stock markets also moved up.

The S&P/TSX composite index was up 34.91 points at 23,736.98.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 178.05 points at 41,800.13. The S&P 500 index was up 28.38 points at 5,661.47, while the Nasdaq composite was up 133.17 points at 17,725.30.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.56 cents US compared with 73.57 cents US on Monday.

The November crude oil contract was up 68 cents at US$69.70 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was up three cents at US$2.40 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was down US$7.80 at US$2,601.10 an ounce and the December copper contract was up a penny at US$4.28 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 17, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

S&P/TSX gains almost 100 points, U.S. markets also higher ahead of rate decision

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TORONTO – Strength in the base metal and technology sectors helped Canada’s main stock index gain almost 100 points on Friday, while U.S. stock markets climbed to their best week of the year.

“It’s been almost a complete opposite or retracement of what we saw last week,” said Philip Petursson, chief investment strategist at IG Wealth Management.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 297.01 points at 41,393.78. The S&P 500 index was up 30.26 points at 5,626.02, while the Nasdaq composite was up 114.30 points at 17,683.98.

The S&P/TSX composite index closed up 93.51 points at 23,568.65.

While last week saw a “healthy” pullback on weaker economic data, this week investors appeared to be buying the dip and hoping the central bank “comes to the rescue,” said Petursson.

Next week, the U.S. Federal Reserve is widely expected to cut its key interest rate for the first time in several years after it significantly hiked it to fight inflation.

But the magnitude of that first cut has been the subject of debate, and the market appears split on whether the cut will be a quarter of a percentage point or a larger half-point reduction.

Petursson thinks it’s clear the smaller cut is coming. Economic data recently hasn’t been great, but it hasn’t been that bad either, he said — and inflation may have come down significantly, but it’s not defeated just yet.

“I think they’re going to be very steady,” he said, with one small cut at each of their three decisions scheduled for the rest of 2024, and more into 2025.

“I don’t think there’s a sense of urgency on the part of the Fed that they have to do something immediately.

A larger cut could also send the wrong message to the markets, added Petursson: that the Fed made a mistake in waiting this long to cut, or that it’s seeing concerning signs in the economy.

It would also be “counter to what they’ve signaled,” he said.

More important than the cut — other than the new tone it sets — will be what Fed chair Jerome Powell has to say, according to Petursson.

“That’s going to be more important than the size of the cut itself,” he said.

In Canada, where the central bank has already cut three times, Petursson expects two more before the year is through.

“Here, the labour situation is worse than what we see in the United States,” he said.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.61 cents US compared with 73.58 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down 32 cents at US$68.65 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was down five cents at US$2.31 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$30.10 at US$2,610.70 an ounce and the December copper contract was up four cents US$4.24 a pound.

— With files from The Associated Press

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

S&P/TSX composite down more than 200 points, U.S. stock markets also fall

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TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was down more than 200 points in late-morning trading, weighed down by losses in the technology, base metal and energy sectors, while U.S. stock markets also fell.

The S&P/TSX composite index was down 239.24 points at 22,749.04.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was down 312.36 points at 40,443.39. The S&P 500 index was down 80.94 points at 5,422.47, while the Nasdaq composite was down 380.17 points at 16,747.49.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.80 cents US compared with 74.00 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down US$1.07 at US$68.08 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was up less than a penny at US$2.26 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was down US$2.10 at US$2,541.00 an ounce and the December copper contract was down four cents at US$4.10 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 6, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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