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Ukraine's underrated economy is poised for a strong 2020 – Atlantic Council

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In 2019, Ukraine’s hryvnia was the best-performing currency in the world, appreciating 19 percent in relation to the US dollar. REUTERS/Valentyn Ogirenko/Illustration

Ukraine’s considerable achievements in 2019
are poorly understood, both in Ukraine and abroad. This is perhaps not
surprising. Ukrainians usually suspect their government of the worst, while the
foreign media rarely reports accurately about Ukrainian reforms. Since
September 2019, US media coverage in particular has been distorted by negative impeachment-related
headlines. Nevertheless, the progress made by Ukraine over the past twelve
months should not be underestimated. This has paved the way for further
significant advances in 2020. Key areas to watch will be the cleanup of
Ukraine’s law enforcement, improvements in state administration, and the opening
of all kinds of markets to competition.

Ukraine’s current economic outlook is far better
than many appreciate. In 2016-19, the Poroshenko administration carried out an
impressive macroeconomic stabilization following the severe crisis of 2014-15
caused by the outright robbery of the preceding Yanukovych government and the
onset of Russian military aggression. Thanks largely to measures implemented
under President Poroshenko, the budget deficit has now been reduced to 2
percent of GDP, while inflation has fallen to 5 percent. Meanwhile, public debt
has dropped from 80 percent of GDP in 2016 to 52 percent of GDP. In 2019, the
hryvnia was the best-performing currency in the world, appreciating 19 percent
in relation to the US dollar. Ukraine’s average monthly dollar wage has risen
from USD 200 in 2016 to the current level of around USD 450. Bond yields and
interest rates have plunged. Indeed, the main concern today is that the hryvnia
is rising too fast, prompting the National Bank to buy more dollars and cut its
interest rate.

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The past year also saw arguably the two
freest and fairest national elections in Ukraine’s independent history. With
corruption the main concern among voters, the old guard was unceremoniously
kicked out of power, producing an unprecedented generational shift in Ukrainian
politics. Impressively, 80 percent of the incoming parliamentarians who took
their seats in August 2019 were newcomers, as were all but two of the ministers
appointed to the new government. Such a cleansing was clearly needed in order to
tackle pervasive corruption. Crucially, Ukraine did this through democratic
means. It is now important to expand this cleanup to other state institutions
in 2020.

It is commonplace to blame the “oligarchs”
for Ukraine’s corruption without naming anybody. My view is that the predatory
state actually poses the principal threat to Ukraine’s economy and welfare. In
practice, the people who are considered oligarchs are those who are strong
enough to defend their property against state predators, most of all law
enforcement agencies indulging in corporate raiding. In order to extend property
rights to the wider business community, Ukraine must reform all law
enforcement.

The Zelenskyy administration has started impressively
in this direction. The Prosecutor General’s Office was seen as most harmful.
New Prosecutor General Ruslan Ryaboshapka has launched an admirable cleansing
from the top, demanding both competence and integrity from his prosecutors. The
abolition of parliamentary immunity and the reinstitution of a law on illicit
enrichment are also important steps. Additionally, parliament has adopted a
sound law on cleansing the odious State Bureau of Investigation and President
Zelenskyy has dismissed its head.

Huge problems remain with the country’s
courts. The adoption of a new law on judicial reform is disputed and its
implementation unclear, but 44 judges were appointed to the Supreme Court after
having failed their integrity tests. Corrupt judges need to be removed also from
lower-level courts.

The main remaining hurdle is the State Security
Service (SBU), which has received a new head, but so far little sign of reform
has been noticed. Parliament needs to adopt a law on the SBU, which should be purged
from the top down, much like the Prosecutor General’s Office. If this is
achieved, Ukraine could offer credible property rights, encouraging both Ukrainians
and foreigners to hold more funds in the country.

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UkraineAlert sources analysis and commentary from a wide-array of thought-leaders, politicians, experts, and activists from Ukraine and the global community.

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2020 should also be the year when the
Ukrainian state makes the decisive leap from Soviet-style bureaucracy to
digital government. In spite of incidental attempts to modernize Ukraine’s
state administration, such as the much-admired reform of the Vinnytsia City Administration,
most of the administration remains terribly Soviet and bureaucratic in nature.
Many documents require thirty manual signatures, rendering nobody responsible.
Meetings are devoted to collecting signatures rather than serious analytical
discussions. All this must change. Ukraine needs a modern computerized state
administration. Estonia has set a much-appreciated example. President Zelenskyy
is on the right track with his “state in a smartphone” vision. Let us hope that
the newly created Ministry for Digital Transformation receives the necessary powers
to revolutionize the way Ukraine’s government works.

Finally, markets must be opened up. Ukraine
has an excellent tool for that purpose. Its Association Agreement with the
European Union contains hundreds of rules for the opening of myriad markets.
Ukraine has legislated much already, but in many cases formal rules have yet to
translate into the kind of full implementation that would make European
competitors want to enter Ukraine on a wider scale. Laws on electricity and gas
markets have been adopted, and the electricity market has been formally in
place since July 2019.

In the second and third quarters of 2019,
Ukrainian GDP reached a growth rate of over 4 percent. Prime Minister Honcharuk
aims at 5 percent in 2020 and 7 percent in the ensuing years. These are
sensible and realistic goals. Any doubters should remember that Ukraine averaged
GDP growth of 7.5 percent a year from 2000-2007. The macroeconomic foundations
are now in place to enable a repeat of this performance. Much will depend of
whether Ukraine can open up the economy while creating a transparent and level
playing field.

Anders Åslund is a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council. His most recent book is “Russia’s Crony Capitalism: The Path from Market Economy to Kleptocracy.”

The views expressed in UkraineAlert are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Atlantic Council, its staff, or its supporters.

The Eurasia Center’s mission is to enhance transatlantic cooperation in promoting stability, democratic values and prosperity in Eurasia, from Eastern Europe and Turkey in the West to the Caucasus, Russia and Central Asia in the East.

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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